Cluster Optics and Photonics Berlin-Brandenburg

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WISTA technology park from the southwest, 2010. Adlershof used to be the cradle of German aviation.

The transnational cluster optics and photonics Berlin-Brandenburg with its 445 existing organizations in the cluster core in 2019 is one of the leading international locations in the photonics industry. Until 2017, the corporate conglomerate was still called Cluster Optik Berlin-Brandenburg in official parlance .

history

Polarizing microscope according to Harry Rosenbusch (Fuess, 1890)
Early optical signal transmission: Telefunken Berlin

The cluster has existed since 1920. Optical technologies from Berlin - Brandenburg date back to the 19th century and form an important branch of the economy in the region.

Rathenow started. Based on the pioneering work of Johann Heinrich August Duncker , the increasing (local) demand for optical components led to the establishment of a large number of other optical companies. In 1896 163 optics companies were based here and the city became world-famous as the “City of Optics”. The expansion of the optics company in Rathenow continued after the end of the First World War until the subsequent global economic crisis . Despite a subsequent decline, there were still more than 200 optical companies operating in Rathenow in 1930. During the Second World War, the two largest Rathenow optics companies Emil Busch and Nitsche & Günther manufactured almost exclusively optics (e.g. flight instruments , telescopes ) for military use. At the end of the war, large parts of the optical industry in Rathenow were destroyed. The remains were identified as reparations to the Soviet Union removed

From 1850 a flourishing optical and precision engineering industry developed in Berlin , partly driven by the presence of scientific institutions such as the Berlin University, the Charité or the Technical University , favored by the industrialization of the city and the economic boom during the founding years . Berlin-based and external research institutions drove the demand for optical and scientific devices. Microscopes were needed in biology, medicine, chemistry, and geology.

Berlin became a pioneer in electric lighting. As early as the middle of the 19th century, companies in Berlin were successfully producing lights for gas and petroleum operation, thus creating the basis for the “ City of Light ”. Important early companies in this period were the Askania works , Astro-Berlin , Agfa , Goerz in Berlin-Friedenau and Berlin-Zehlendorf and Rathenower Optical Works , F. Schmidt & Haensch , Steindorff & Co . Significant actors were among others Emil Busch and Emil Busch AG but also Carl Paul Goerz , Rudolf Fuess , Ernst Gundlach , Bernhard Halle . In a broader sense, the film industry with the Babelsberg film studios is also part of the optics-related industry.

At the same time, a research sector was developing in Berlin at this time, which developed scientific principles and made the results available to (local) industry. These included in particular the Berlin University , the Prussian Academy of Sciences , the Technical University , the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes . These activities were supported by committees and associations that were founded in Berlin and were based here. Together they formed the technological, institutional and inter-organizational foundation for the development of an early optical industrial cluster in Berlin-Brandenburg

The cluster-like innovation system at that time housed, in addition to areas traditionally attributable to optics such as microscope construction and camera construction , companies in related and adjacent sectors such as companies in electrical engineering, the precision engineering industry, mechanical engineering specializing in optics, specialist providers for railway and shipping lane lighting and signaling technology or companies in lighting technology Industry.

The restrictions of the Versailles Treaty brought the optical Berlin leading company CP Goerz into trouble. The merger with the photo-optical company Ica AG , Dresden; Contessa-Nettel AG , Stuttgart; H. Ernemann , Dresden, which was promoted by Zeiss Jena and created Zeiss-IKON AG in 1926, ensured the survival of the company.

By 1939, the optical and precision engineering industries had developed in and around Berlin with 2,244 companies and workshops and a total of 27,248 people.

The most important location of the modern cluster is Adlershof .

The cluster consists of six fields of action:

  1. Laser technology
  2. Lighting technology
  3. Photonics and quantum technology for communication and sensors
  4. Biomedical optics
  5. Optical analytics
  6. Microelectronics and system technology

The cluster was redeveloped as part of the Berlin-Brandenburg innovation strategy (innoBB). It is considered the youngest of five industry clusters in the capital region. Co-financing from the European Regional Development Fund is also planned. Berlin Partner for Business and Technology GmbH has been in charge of cluster management for both countries since September 1, 2013 . Representatives of the network OpTec-Berlin-Brandenburg (OpTecBB) eV and the WFBB (Brandenburg Economic Development Agency) (formerly Brandenburg Future Agency ) are the other actors in the cluster management team.

The cluster employed 17,688 people in 2016. The annual turnover increased from 2008 to 2015 cumulatively by 8.7 percent. In 2017, the entire cluster generated sales of 2.35 billion euros.

Organizational landscape

The cluster suspended in 2018

  • 390 companies,
  • 10 universities,
  • 26 non-university research institutions.

Most of the companies are young start-ups. Most of the companies were founded in 1995. 90 percent of the companies come from the SME class . 20 percent of them employ fewer than 10 people. 35 percent of the employees have a university degree. The proportion of employees with a qualified job is 70 percent. The age structure of the employees is relatively evenly distributed across all age groups.

Locations

The cluster is distributed along the densely populated settlement areas on the Havel and Spree . In the west the cluster begins in Rathenow and ends in the east in Frankfurt an der Oder . The spatial focus is Berlin, the south-west of Berlin and the south-east of Berlin with neighboring cities. Overall, the cluster region has experienced a strong construction boom and sustained expansion of commercial and research areas in this segment over the past few decades.

Overview of the locations:

Other locations with optics companies are the technology and start-up center near the Technical University of Wildau , which together with the TH Brandenburg also offers a photonics course, the technology park in Frankfurt (Oder) with the Leibniz Institute for Innovative Microelectronics (IHP) im East of Brandenburg, the southwest of Berlin around the Free University and the CleanTech Business Park in the Berlin district of Marzahn-Hellersdorf .

Product landscape

Optical products are, for example, lenses , microscopes or glasses . Photonics products are, for example, lasers , LEDs , fiber optic networks, displays and cameras, optical transmitter and receiver chips or the entire field of optical measurement technology from sensors to X-ray technologies .

One focus is green photonics . The optical data transmission is a priority area. The cluster includes world market leaders, internationally important research institutions and innovative start-ups. The region offers a density of companies and institutions in this field that is only surpassed by Silicon Valley .

Every second bit on the Internet is transmitted by hardware from Berlin. In 2014, the Fraunhofer HHI spin-off u2t Photonics AG was bought up by the world market leader for optical components Finisar . u2t Photonics builds coherent receivers with which it achieves high market penetration. This is used for the long-distance transmission of optical signals in sub-ocean fiber optic lines so that every second bit that crosses the Atlantic touches one of the u2t Photonics receiver modules.

The product and service catalog offered by research and industry is used in the medical (biomedicine, X-ray technology) or communication industry (e.g. Internet), transport and space travel, but also in manufacturing (e.g. with laser "welding") )

The areas of optical technologies and microsystems technology combined in the optics and photonics cluster are among the five so-called “key enabling technologies” at European level.

The Agenda 2020 published by the program committee for the BMBF funding program Optical Technologies 2010 provided for the following thematic development priorities and fields for the photonic industry:

Production and mechanical engineering:

  • Light as a tool - opening up the entire spectrum of applications
  • Tool light - solutions for the next generation of production
  • Light as a tool - photonic processes in semiconductor manufacturing
  • Innovations in light - new beam sources through integration and automation
  • Innovations in light - materials, surfaces, layers and optics

Life Science and Health:

  • Imaging diagnostic procedures
  • Therapy and medical devices
  • Analytical procedures

Communication and information:

  • Photonic communication networks
  • Convergence of photonics and electronics
  • Image capture and visualization

Lighting and energy

  • Lighting - the future of light
  • Solar technology - light as an energy source

Organic electronics

Emerging Technologies

  • Quantum optics
  • Customized photonic materials

International networking

As a meeting point for photonics experts from all over the world, the "Photonics Days Berlin Brandenburg" attracts more than 600 visitors. The partnership with the photonics landscape in Warsaw was strengthened.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.optik-bb.de/files/media/publications/Flipbook_Clusterreport.pdf Cluster report Optics & Photonics in the capital region Berlin Brandenburg, THE GERMAN CAPITAL REGION excellence in photonics, p. 5
  2. ↑ Cluster report optics & photonics in the capital region Berlin Brandenburg, THE GERMAN CAPITAL REGION excellence in photonics, p. 11
  3. ↑ https://www.optik-bb.de/files/media/publications/Flipbook_Clusterreport.pdf p. 2
  4. ↑ Cluster report optics & photonics in the capital region Berlin Brandenburg, THE GERMAN CAPITAL REGION excellence in photonics, p. 12
  5. ↑ Statistical Office of Greater Berlin 1947, p. 11
  6. ^ Angelika C. Bullinger-Hoffmann: Future technologies and competence needs. Competence development in the world of work 4.0 , p. 33
  7. ↑ https://www.berlin.de/sen/wirtschaft/wirtschaft/innovation-und-qualifikation/cluster/optik-und-photonik/artikel.620528.php
  8. ^ Angelika C. Bullinger-Hoffmann: Future technologies and competence needs. Competence development in the world of work 4.0 , p. 34.
  9. ↑ https://www.berlin-partner.de/fileadmin/user_upload/01_chefredaktion/02_pdf/publikationen/Optik_Standorte_de.pdf Infoflyer from Be Berlin and the state of Brandenburg: "Optics and photonics locations in Berlin-Brandenburg"
  10. ↑ https://www.optik-bb.de/files/media/publications/Flipbook_Clusterreport.pdf p. 68
  11. ↑ https://www.optik-bb.de/files/media/publications/Flipbook_Clusterreport.pdf p. 69
  12. ↑ https://www.optik-bb.de/files/user_upload/Agenda_Photonik_2020.pdf