Copla andaluza

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article or section needs to be revised. Details should be given on the talk page. Please help to improve it , and then remove this flag.

Copla andaluza (often shortened to Copla ) or Canción española denotes a genre of Spanish folk music that gradually developed from various older song and song forms such as Cuplé , Tonadilla and Zarzuela in Spain at the beginning of the 1930s. In the 1940s to 1960s, the copla was one of the most popular genres of Spanish light music , along with flamenco and bolero , similar to the chanson in France and the German hit of that time. Although the copla andaluza is often referred to as the Andalusian style, there are also numerous songs and performers from other regions such as Aragón , Extremadura , Valencia and Madrid .

Origins

The forerunner of the Copla andaluza is generally considered to be the Cuplé , a Spanish variant of the couplet that came to Spain from France and Italy . After this genre of songs was considered morally questionable in Spain for a long time due to frequent sexual allusions in the texts, after the First World War it was mainly Raquel Meller who succeeded in making this genre of music socially acceptable and popularizing it beyond the Spanish national and language borders. As a result, Quintero, León and Quiroga began to compose the first coplas (among them La Lirio and Mañana Sale ) for Concha Piquer in 1931 . Concha Piquer traveled to the USA early on and distributed the copla there. After the Spanish Civil War in 1939, the Copla was given the name Canción Española . Juana Reina in particular helped popularize the Copla in the 1940s - she shaped the style as the benchmark for the classic of a Copla singer. The singer Estrellita Castro, who is half Galician , brought the Copla to the screen for the first time in 1937 with the film Suspiro de España .

development

In the 1940s, Manolo Caracol and Lola Flores became the most important copla couple in history. It was followed by the couple Pepe Blanco and Carmen Morell . After Lola Flores and Manolo Caracol split, Lola toured Mexico and the United States. After having enjoyed great success abroad, she was hailed as the most important copla singer in Spain . In the late 1960s, a new singer came to change the copla forever: Rocio Jurado . Jurado modernized the Copla and challenged the Franco regime with its permissive appearances. After Franco's death, the Copla initially lost a lot of its popularity, as many people associated it with the time of the Franco regime. In 1978 singer Isabel Pantoja made her debut on the TV show Cantares , which was launched to save the Copla, and featured all of the Copla's big names including Rocio Jurado , Lola Flores , Juana Reina , former child star Joselito and, in an interview, Copla founder Concha Piquer (who had retired in 1958 due to voice problems) performed.

Copla in the movie

In 1937 Estrellita Castro made the first Copla film: Suspiros de España . Stars like Lola Flores, Antonio Molina, Juana Reina and Paquita Rico became major screen stars.

Filmography (selection)

Styles and representatives

Over the decades, the popularity of other song genres has affected the copla. In the beginning, the original form of the copla was strongly influenced by the French chanson and the cuplé as well as the tonadilla and zarzuela. The classic style of the 1940s and 1950s to 1960s is very unique and oriented more towards the bolero and new, internal creations. The flamenco style, which first blossomed in the 1940s and then at the end of the 20th century, is based on flamenco. The modern copla is mainly influenced by flamenco pop and the ballads of modern pop music.

Archetype

The original form was popularized primarily by Concha Piquer. Raquel Meller and Imperio Argentina had laid the foundation for the Copla through their involvement in the Cuplé, and thus they became the last Cuplé and the first Copla singers. In 1934, the Coplas Maria de la O, Maria Magdalena and Maricruz , which Quintero, León and Quiroga called “3 Marias”, were composed. They were interpreted by Estrellita Castro, who, along with Concha Piquer, popularized and made known most of the coplas in the 1930s. The most important male interpreter of the copla in its original form was Miguel de Molina , who lived in Argentina from his flight from the Franco regime in 1942 until his death.

Most famous artists

Classic style

At the beginning of the 1940s, a style developed in the Copla, which from then on can be described as the "classic style". The style has been shaped by different singers over the decades, each of whom has left a very personal style. Antonio Molina in particular developed from the classic men to the role model. The classic style is the one most associated with the Franco regime. The coplas are mainly characterized by their tragic stories or the pasodoble melody.

Shaped by Juana Reina

After Estrellita Castro had presented the pasodoble as an identification with Spain in the 1930s, Juana Reina created the image of the bullfighting pasodoble through her coplas. Francisco Alegre and Capote de Grana y Oro became huge successes and celebrated bullfighting as a Spanish cultural heritage. It was also often emphasized Juana Reina's elegance and the shape of the Blessed Virgin she represented. She became the most popular figure of the 1940s and 1950s. She also made countless films. Her style remained unique and was followed or imitated by few.

Most famous artists

Coined by Antonio Molina

Antonio Molina is one of the few male representatives of the classic copla. Unlike other singers of his time, he does not devote himself to the flamenco style, but to the classic copla. He also triumphs as an actor and becomes a man with the stamina who manages to reach the audience through his drawn out song finals.

Most famous artists

Coined by Lola Flores

Lola Flores, who was referred to as "Torbellino de Colores" (ie "colorful whirlwind"), shapes the Copla through her intuitive interpretation consisting of dance, song and her very special whirlwind actions. Many other singers took their temperament and intuition as a role model, and so a style developed that pays less attention to the voice and more to the creative in the singing.

Most famous artists

Coined by Marifé de Triana

Marifé de Triana is known as the actress of the Copla because of her dramatic and exaggerated interpretation, in which she is often moved to tears on stage and casts the audience under her spell with a death look. Many singers have accepted this interpretation and have thus become Marifé de Triana's successors.

Most famous artists

Child stars

Many Copla feature films were made in the 1950s, including with the child stars Marisol and Joselito. Both impress with their sympathy and clear voices that conquered the entire generation. However, neither of them became true representatives of the copla.

Most famous artists

Coined by Rocío Jurado

Rocío Jurado was called "La más grande" (ie "The greatest"). Her voice brought a new, unprecedented force to the copla. Sometimes it was said that her voice was already operatic. With enormous elegance, provocation and a strong and impressive voice, she revolutionized the previously rather recited copla by making clear and strong music out of it. In Azabache, the Copla musical from 1992, she became a legend through her appearance.

Most famous artists

Coined by Isabel Pantoja

Isabel Pantoja made her debut on the show Cantares in 1978 . Isabel Pantoja is considered to be the direct heir to the style of Juana Reina. She modernizes the classic style and celebrates the copla as an operatic genre with very expensive clothes and overpriced shows. But she also interprets modern coplas and thus opens up to the young.

Most famous artists

Style of other provinces

Catalonia

Many Andalusian emigrants live in Catalonia. So they influenced many Catalonian singers with copla and flamenco. The young generation of the 40s and 50s emulated their Andalusian friends and so a number of Catalonian copla singers resulted.

Aragon

The folk dance of Aragon is the iota . Many jotas are sung and are part of the copla.

Madrid

The folk dance in Madrid is called the Chotís . Many chotís are sung and are part of the copla, for example La Colasa or Los Nardos by Nati Mistral.

Valencia

Concha Piquer was born in Valencia and became the main character of the Copla. Although she always spoke with an Andalusian accent, there were many Valencianos who also became copla singers.

La Rioja

As in Aragón, in La Rioja the iota is the folk dance that is sung and thus belongs to the copla.

Flamenco style

as early as the 1940s it was mainly men who sang coplas in the flamenco style. Manolo Caracol and Rafael Farina were among the pioneers. At the beginning of the new millennium there were more and more singers who tended towards this style. With the TV show Se llama Copla , the penchant for flamenco even became a real style. Antonio Cortés and Maria Lozano from Se llama Copla are the most important exponents of the flamenco style today.

Most famous artists

Popular style

As the copla lost its popularity, performers like Manolo Escobar and Marujita Diaz made coplas more popular and less dramatic, creating a whole new and modern 70s style. Stars like Rosa Morena even brought a light disco beat to the Copla.

Most famous artists

Copla pop

Many modern performers have slightly changed the copla towards ballads. Rocío Jurado was the first to take it upon himself to change the copla towards ballad, with titles like Sevilla and Viva el Pasodoble . But Carlos Cano also made new and unclassical coplas like Habaneras de Cádiz and María la Portuguesa . Thus, even modern interpreters who actually work in completely different copla styles such as Eríka Leiva and Antonio Cortés, changed some coplas in a modern and ballad style. The children of older performers like Lola Flores daughter Lolita or Rocío Jurado's niece Rosario Mohedano have made more modern versions of Coplas.

Most famous artists

Cantares

The TV show was broadcast weekly on Fridays in 1978 and all the big stars of the Copla with the exception of Imperio Argentina (who had retired), Miguel de Molina (who lived in exile) and the deceased like Manolo Caracol. The moderator was the journalist Lauren Postigo . Stars such as Paco de Lucía , Marian Conde and the composers Juan Solano , Manuel Quiroga and Rafael de León sat in the audience . Guests: Lola Flores, Juana Reina, Rocío Jurado, Paquita Rico, Marujita Diaz , Concha Piquer, Isabel Pantoja, Dolores Vargas, Imperio de Triana, Carmen Morell, Pepe Blanco, Estrellita Castro, Concha Márquez Piquer, Antonio Molina, Nati Mistral, Marifé de Triana, Juanito Valderrama, Rafael Farina, Manolo Escobar, El Príncipe Gitano, Gracia Montes, Conchita Bautista , Enrique Montoya, Carmen Flores, Pastora de Córdoba, Mikaela, Joselito, Gracia de Triana, María Jiménez, La NIña de la Puebla, Antoñita Moreno, Lolita Seville. Coplas sung (selection): Maria de la O, La Zarzamora, Francisco Alegre, Soy Minero, Suspiros de España and others.

Renewal of the genre

The Granadin singer, composer and poet Carlos Cano , who died in 2000 at the age of only 54, is considered a major innovator of the Copla . He not only freed the copla from the smell of Franquismo by interpreting old coplas in a new form; he also wrote his own coplas, which are interpreted by many singers today. In 1990 the Las Coplas show was organized by Carlos Herrera, a friend of Cano's. In 1992 the Copla musical Azabache was staged for the Expo92 in Seville , in which Rocio Jurado , Juana Reina and the then new discovery María Vidal appeared. In 2004 Spanish television brought the show Todos con la Copla . In 2007 the style, which was founded in 1931 with the composer trio Quintero, León and Quiroga, experienced a renaissance with the show Se llama Copla .

After 2000, there was renewed interest in the Copla andaluza . In the spring of 2009, the Spanish National Library then dedicated an exhibition to the history and development of the genre as Spain's cultural heritage, with numerous contemporary documents such as posters, scores, photos, advertising materials, sound carriers and film clips. The exhibition was accompanied by several concerts and panel discussions on the topic.

Se llama Copla

The show Se llama Copla is a casting show that has been taking place regularly since September 2007 on the Andalusian television Canal Sur . Joana Jiménez became the first season winner. In 2010 she toured the USA and Latin America. Other singers from the first season were Antonio Cortés (who was adopted from Romania at the age of 2), Eríka Leiva (who was nicknamed the Volcano of Cádiz) and Maria Lozano, who became the final representative of the flamenco copla. 17-year-old Laura Gallego was the winner of the 2nd season followed by Sandra Cabrera, Miriam Dominguez and Miguel Ángel Palma. Gloria Romero, who was 6th, made a name for herself mainly because of her unusual interpretation. In the third season, contrary to the other years, a flamenco copla singer won: Alejandra Rodríguez, followed by Sandra Arco, Paco Quintana and Nazaret Compaz. Mercedes Ríos, who was 11th, took up the original form of the copla and thus ignited a discussion of identity in the copla. In season 4, Fran Doblas was the first man to win the competition. Antonio Cortés received a gold plate for his CD "Lo que a mi me esta pasando" in the fourth season finale. A year earlier, Se llama Copla had already received a gold record for her CD / DVD box with the concert at the Olympic Stadium, which was attended by 40,000 people. Copla specialist and reporter Hilario López Millán sits on the jury . Guests included Marifé de Triana , Diana Navarro, Dolores Abril , Maria Vidal, Maria José Santiago and Rosa López .

List of singers from Se llama Copla

1st season (2007/2008):

  • Joana Jiménez, Antonio Cortés, Eríka Leiva, María Lozano, Rosa Marín (final)
  • Maite Moreno, Mari Carmen Abad, Juan Calero, Maria Angeles Marin, Joaquín Saez (elimination phase)
  • Inés María Robles, Andrés Bernete, Rosa Mª Luján, Paqui Torres, Carmen Cinta, Patricia García, Mª Ángeles Pérez (retired)

2 season (2008/2009):

  • Laura Gallego, Sandra Cabrera, Miriam Dominguez, Miguel Ángel Palma (final)
  • Inmaculada García, Gloria Romero, Nicolás García, Cristina Romera, Rocío Guerra, Jonás Campos, Sergio Pérez, Álvaro Rey (elimination phase)
  • Antonia Gómez, Almudena Domínguez, Sara de la Cruz, María Luisa España, Lidia Prada, Miriam Fontalba (retired)

3rd season (2009/2010):

  • Alejandra Rodríguez, Sandra Arco, Paco Quintana, Nazaret Compaz (final)
  • Verónica Carmona, Álvaro López, Laura Mª Larrea, Abraham Ruíz, Raquel Peña, Juan Carlos Mata, Mercedes Ríos (elimination phase)
  • Miriam Jaén, Carolina Barroso, María Jesús Durán, Mayka García, Inmaculada Paniagua, Selene Molina, Mª Ángeles Fernández (retired)

4 season (2010/2011):

  • Fran Doblas, Anaraida Sanchez, Álvaro Vizcaino, Verónica Rojas (final)
  • Àlvaro Hernandez, Patricia del Río, Isabel Mª Geniz, Mila Balsera, Juan Jesús Serrano, Juanma Jerez (elimination phase)
  • Remedios Castro, Marisol Delgado, Mariló Ruiz, María José Aguilar, Mario Fernández, Rocío Navarro, Inmmaculada García, Jessica Rizzio, Macarena Roldan (retired)

Modern interpreters

Pasión Vega , Diana Navarro , Concha Buika , Martirio , Clara Montes and the former flamenco singer Miguel Poveda are some of the modern copla singers who have enjoyed great success in recent years. With the CD Camino Verde in 2008 Diana Navarro had a success with the Copla that had not existed for decades. The singer falete is one of the most popular modern figures of the copla. In 2007 Plácido Domingo recorded the CD Pasión española, on which he sings coplas such as Antonio Vargas Heredia , Ojos verdes and El día que nací yo . The singer Pastora Soler became the ultimate copla idol of the modern generations, she creates the new copla pop .

Fashion

The copla fashion is mainly characterized by that of the Sevillanas . Women often wear the bata de cola , a dress with a train and ruffles on the skirt. The dancer uses abanico ( fans ), peineta (plug-in comb) and Mantón de Manila as accessories to put herself in the limelight . In recent years, large earrings have also become an essential part of female copla fashion. Men often wear the classic Cordobés sombrero . Toni Benítez is considered one of the most important Copla fashion designers.

Most famous coplas

  • Maria de la O (León and Valverde) for Estrellita Castro - 1933 (other versions: Lola Flores, Isabel Pantoja, Marifé de Triana and others)
  • Francisco Alegre (Quintero, León and Quiroga) for Juana Reina - 1948 (other versions: Isabel Pantoja, Charo Reina and others)
  • Capote de Grana y Oro (Quintero, León and Quiroga) for Juana Reina - 1952 (other versions: Isabel Pantoja, Pastora Soler and others)
  • Torre de Arena (Gordillo, Llabrés and Sramiento) for Marifé de Triana - 1956 (other versions Pastora Soler, Miriam Dominguez etc.)
  • Pena penita Pena (Quintero, León and Quiroga) for Luisa Ortega - 1950 (other versions: Lola Flores, Antonio Cortés and others)
  • La Zarzamora (Quintero, León and Quiroga) for Lola Flores - 1946 (other versions: Rocío Jurado, Isabel Pantoja etc.)
  • El Emigrante (Salazar, Quezada and Valderrama) for Juanito Valderrama - 1956 (other versions: Antonio Cortés, Alejandra Rodriguez and others)
  • Soy Minero (Perelló and Montorio) for Antonio Molina - 1955 (other versions: Hakim, David Bisbal etc.)
  • La Niña de Fuego (Quintero León and Quiroga) for Manolo Caracol - 1944 (other versions: Joana Jimenez, Antonio Cortés and others)
  • Tatuaje (Valerio, Quiroga and León) for Concha Piquer - 1941 (other versions: Gloria Romero, María Lozano, Verónica Rojas and others)
  • Ojos Verdes (Valverde, León and Quiroga) for Concha Piquer - 1937 (other versions: Jonás Cámpos, Miguel de Molina, Rocío Jurado, Plácido Domingo etc.)
  • Habaneras de Cádiz (Burgos and Cano) for Carlos Cano - 1986 (other versions: Juan Carlos Mata and others)
  • Amante de abril y mayo (Quintero, León and Quiroga) for Concha Piquer - 1957 (other versions: Rocío Jurado etc.)
  • Cuchillito de Agonia (Ochaito, Valerio and Solano) for Marifé de Triana - 1964 (other versions: Eríka Leiva, Miriam Dominguez and others)
  • El día que nací yo (Quintero, Guillén and Mostazo) for Imperio Argentina - 1936 (other versions: Gloria Romero, Plácido Domingo etc.)
  • Poema de mi Soledad (León and Solano) for Gracia Montes - 1961 (other versions: Rosa Marín et al.)
  • Mi Salamanca (Sálazar, Gómez and Pitto) for Rafael Farina - 1962 (other versions: Alejandra Rodriguez, Àlvaro Vizcaino and others)
  • Romance de la Reina Mercedes (Quintero León and Quiroga) for Concha Piquer - 1948 (other versions: Paquita Rico, Mercedes Ríos etc.)
  • Aquella Carmen (León and Solano) for Isabel Pantoja - 1981 (other versions: Mila Balsera, Rocío Guerra etc.)
  • Mi Amigo (León and Solano) for Concha Márquez Piquer - 1970 (other versions: Rocío Dúrcal, Miriam Dominguez and others)
  • Cuna Cañi (Bolaños, Durán and O. De Villajos) for Pastora Imperio - 1928 (other versions: Lola Flores, Isabel Pantoja and others)
  • Carmen de España (Quintero León and Quiroga) for Juana Reina - 1952 (other versions: Rocío Jurado, Carmen Sevilla etc.)
  • La Lirio (León, Ochaita and Quiroga) for Estrellita Castro - 1941 (other versions: María Vidal, Rocío Jurado etc.)
  • Suspiro de España (Quintero León and Quiroga) for Estrellita Castro - 1936 (other versions: Dyango, Rocío Jurado etc.)
  • El Clavel (León, Segura and Solano) for Rocío Jurado - 1970 (other versions: Isabel Pantoja, Sandra Arco and others)
  • Pastora Imperio (León and Solano) for Rocío Jurado - 1988 (other versions: Sandra Arco, Eríka Leiva etc.)
  • Una Cantaora (Quintero León and Quiroga) for Juana Reina - 1947 (other versions: Marifé de Triana, Laura Gallego and others)
  • La copla en mi voz (De Juan and Marvizón) for Patricia Vela - 1993 (other versions: Jonas Campos et al.)
  • Lo saben (León and Solano) for María Vidal - 1982
  • Tengo Miedo (León and Solano) for El Príncipe Gitano - 1964 (other versions: Lola Flores, Rocío Jurado, Marifé de Triana and others)

Discography

  • 2011: Eríka Leiva - Grande my Grande
  • 2011: Se llama Copla Concierto Málaga (CD + DVD)
  • 2010: Antonio Cortes - lo que a mi me esta pasando (CD)
  • 2010: Miguel Poveda - Coplas del Querer
  • 2009: Lo mejor de Se llama Copla (2CD)
  • 2009: Joana Jimenez - Salvaora (CD)
  • 2009: Manolo Escobar - 50 años cantando (3CD)
  • 2008: Diana Navarro - Camino Verde
  • 2008: Pasión Vega - Pura pasión
  • 2007: Diana Navarro - 24 Roses
  • 2006: Rocío Jurado - Rocío Siempre
  • 2006: Concha Buika - Mi niña Lola
  • 2005: Isabel Pantoja - Sínfonia de la Copla
  • 2002: Gracia Montes - A ti madre
  • 2001: Marifé de Triana - Porqué
  • 2000: Pasión Vega - Corona de Perlas
  • 1999: Isabel Pantoja - A tu vera
  • 1999: Gracia Montes - Mis mejores Canciones
  • 1994: Pastora Soler - Nuestras Coplas
  • 1994: Homenaje a Juanito Valderrama (Various)
  • 1994: Juanito Valderrama - Grandes Éxitos
  • 1991: Rocío Jurado - Seville
  • 1990: Isabel Pantoja - La Canción Española
  • 1990: Carlos Cano - en directo
  • 1990: Marifé de Triana - Canta mi corazón
  • 1990: Lola Flores - Para siempre Lola
  • 1988: Isabel Pantoja - Al alimón!
  • 1988: Rocío Jurado - A Rafael de León
  • 1987: Carlos Cano - Quédate con la Copla
  • 1985: Isabel Pantoja - Marinero de Luces
  • 1983: Manolo Escobar - Coraje
  • 1982: Lola Flores - Mi mundial 82
  • 1981: Rocio Jurado - Canciones de España
  • 1976: Marifé de Triana - Ay Sevilla
  • 1976: Isabel Pantoja - Niña Isabel
  • 1975: Rocío Jurado - Rocío
  • 1973: Manolo Escobar - Grandes Èxitos
  • 1968: Juanito Valderrama - El padre coplillas
  • 1967: Lola Flores - Lola recita a Rafael de León
  • 1964: Manolo Escobar - Espigas y Amapolas
  • 1961: Rafael Farina - Mi perro amigo
  • 1960: Juanito Valderrama - El emigrante
  • 1960: Lola Flores - Juerga flamenca
  • 1957: Miguel de Molina - Triniá
  • 1956: Paquita Rico - Romance de la Reina Mercedes
  • 1956: Juanito Valderrama - El rey de la Carretera
  • 1956: Marifé de Triana - Canta
  • 1956: Estrella de Palma - Campanera
  • 1952: Juana Reina - Capote de grana y oro
  • 1951: Antonio Molina - El macetero
  • 1948: Juana Reina - Francisco Alegre
  • 1947: Juana Reina - la lola se va a los puertos
  • 1946: Lola Flores - la Zarzamora
  • 1946: Lola Flores - Salero
  • 1946: Manolo Caracol - La Salvaora
  • 1943: Lola Flores - El lerele
  • 1941: Concha Piquer - Tatuaje
  • 1939: Estrellita Castro - Mi Jaca
  • 1936: Carmen Amaya - Maria de la O

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Report on the exhibition in the El Mundo online offer on February 3, 2009

Web links