Deir ez-Zor

دير الزور / Dair az-Zaur Deir Azzor Deir ez-Zor
Coordinates	35 ° 20 '  N , 40 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 35 ° 20 '  N , 40 ° 9'  E
Basic data
Country	Syria
Governorate	Deir ez-Zor
height	210 m
Residents	293,916 (2010)
Historic suspension bridge over the Euphrates from the time of the French mandate

Historic suspension bridge over the Euphrates

Visitors on their way to Memorial Church to the Armenian Genocide

March 8th place

Deir ez-Zor ( Arabic دير الزور, DMG Dair az-Zaur , Armenian Դեր Զոր The Zor [z-], in German sometimes Deir as-Sur ) is a city in eastern Syria . It is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor governorate of the same name .

geography

The city on the Euphrates is surrounded by fertile soil on which cereals and cotton are grown . Since oil was found in the region, the city has become a center of Syrian oil production from the mid-1990s. Another industry of the city is tourism, as it is 85 kilometers from Dura-Europos and 120 kilometers from Mari .

population

The population was calculated to be 293,916 in 2010. Deir ez-Zor is the sixth largest city in Syria . The majority are Sunni Arabs .

history

antiquity

See also : Ain Abu Jemaa

Roman Empire

At the time of the Roman Empire there was an important trading post on the long-distance connection along the Euphrates between the Mediterranean and the Sassanid Empire . Roman fortifications on this route were 50 kilometers northwest of Halabiya and the southeastern Dura Europos. After these stations were conquered by Queen Zenobia , the city belonged to Palmyra's territory for a few years . The place was destroyed by the Mongols in the course of the Mongol storm in the 13th century . To the Ottoman period the place Deyrizor and the headquarters was the Sanjak Zor .

First World War and Colonial Era

In the years 1915–1916, the city, which then belonged to the Ottoman Empire, became the site of a concentration camp as part of the genocide of the Armenians . This was the destination of countless death marches with which the then ruling Young Turks under Interior Minister Talât Bey managed to exterminate up to one and a half million Armenians.

Despite strong regional resistance, the city was conquered by the French in 1921 . After the First World War , France controlled Syria from 1922 to 1941 as a mandate area and established a garrison here . After the French withdrew in 1946, Deir ez-Zor became part of independent Syria.

independence

After the breakup of the Egyptian-Syrian Union , there had already been an unsuccessful attempted coup by Arab socialists (Nasserists and Baathists) in Deir ez-Zor on April 2, 1962. a. later head of state Louai al-Atassi was involved.

In view of the fact that numerous leading members of the Baath party and Nasserists who were involved in the coup of March 8, 1963 came from Deir ez-Zor (e.g. Jassem Alwan or Jalal al-Sayyid), the city's central marketplace in Renamed March 8th Square . Many of the Arab socialists from Deir ez-Zor, however, fell victim to internal-Baathist purges in the following decades, for example in 1965 a faction leaning towards the ex-Baath leader Akram al-Haurani .

Civil war from 2011

Deir ez-Zor, November 2018

Deir ez-Zor, November 2018

See: Deir-ez-Zor offensive

In the course of the civil war that began in 2011 , the city was occupied by government snipers and tank units on August 1, 2011. Here are noisy from Al Jazeera have perished widespread opposition have 25 people. The day before, the station reported heavy attacks with artillery and anti-aircraft weapons.

In March 2012, the Free Syrian Army withdrew from the city on March 20 after several attacks by government forces. On November 22, 2012, however, the insurgents retook parts of the city. Since the beginning of 2013, a large part of the surrounding area controlling terrorist group Islamic rebels - the IS - wanted to Deir ez-Zor Governorate on the basis of henceforth sharia rule. A district adjacent to Deir ez-Zor airport was still under the control of government troops.

In mid-August 2014, activists reported that members of the IS had captured and killed 700 members of the regional Scheitat tribe , including 600 civilians. After government troops retook large parts of the city as part of a counter-attack between September and November 2014 and launched attacks against IS positions from Deir ez-Zor, IS terrorists carried out a suicide attack on the airport on December 4, 2014. The government troops were able to repel an IS offensive.

On January 15, 2016, IS began an offensive against the besieged city. At that time, part of the city was already in the hands of IS. At the end of January 2016, according to Russian reports, IS pulled together two thousand fighters to take the city completely; the Russian air force launched attacks on IS positions. Deaths due to malnutrition occurred in the besieged zone itself. The UN World Food Program supported the area with food thrown from the air.

In May 2016, government garrison troops counterattacked and, according to their own statements, drove IS fighters out of parts of the city. A hospital in which the IS had taken medical staff hostage was released and more than 200 IS fighters had been killed. Only on September 5, 2017, Syrian troops, coming from the west, broke through the IS siege ring and reported the capture of the city in early November 2017. A day later, on November 4, 2017, at least 75 people were killed in a car bomb attack in Deir ez-Zor, and according to other sources more than 100 people.

Culture

There is the regional museum of Deir ez-Zor and a large cultural center.

The newly founded al-Furat University is partly located in the city. Their faculties of Agriculture, science, arts, social science, education, law, petrochemical engineering and medicine are located in the city, while other faculties are housed in neighboring districts. There are also vocational schools and other post-school training institutions.

The local daily Al Furat appears in the city.

The Armenian Genocide Memorial Church in Deir ez-Zor was destroyed in 2014 by the “Islamic State”. It had previously been a major Armenian pilgrimage site, especially on the annual genocide commemoration day .

traffic

A well-known attraction of the city was the historical suspension bridge over the Euphrates. It was built around 1930 and after the road bridge was built it was only used for pedestrian traffic ( Arabic : الجسر المعلق). The suspension bridge was destroyed in early May 2013 in civil war battles.

The city lies on the railway line Aleppo - Qamishli the CFS and, as head of a planned railway line over Abu Kamal by al-Qa'im in Iraq provided. Due to the political situation, only a few kilometers have been built so far.

The Deir ez-Zor Airport ( IATA : December) is located in the suburb of al-Dschafra.

sons and daughters of the town

• Jassem Alwan (1926–2018), officer and politician
• Taisir Alluni (* 1955), correspondent for the Arab broadcaster Al Jazeera
• Riyad Farid Hijab (* 1966), politician

Climate table

Deir ez-Zor
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     28   13 2     25th   15th 4th     27   20th 7th     20th   26th 12     8.5   32 17th     0.5   37 22nd     0.4   40 25th     0   40 25th     0.2   36 20th     6th   30th 14th     15th   21st 7th     25th   14th 3 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Deir ez-Zor Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 12.5 15.2 19.6 25.8 31.9 37.2 40.3 39.8 35.8 29.5 20.7 14.0 O 26.9 Min. Temperature (° C) 2.3 3.7 6.8 12.0 17.2 22.3 25.4 24.8 20.3 14.1 7.3 3.2 O 13.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 28.2 25.3 27.1 19.8 8.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.2 6.0 14.7 25.3 Σ 156 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 5.2 6.4 7.2 8.1 10.0 11.7 12.0 11.5 10.3 8.3 6.9 5.2 O 8.6 Rainy days ( d ) 8th 9 7th 5 3 0 0 0 0 2 4th 6th Σ 44 Humidity ( % ) 76 67 57 49 38 27 26th 28 32 42 57 75 O 47.8 Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Deir ez-Zor  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Deir ez Zor airport

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ ^{a b} Macabre praise of al-Assad. In: Frankfurter Rundschau . August 1, 2011, accessed August 2, 2011 . 
3. ↑ Armin T. Wegener: The expulsion of the Armenian people into the desert. A slide show , ed. by Andreas Meier, Göttingen 2011, pp. 200–204
4. ↑ Assad continues the offensive against his citizens. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 1, 2011, accessed August 2, 2011 . 
5. ^ Rebel retreat from Deir al-Sor. In: ORF . March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2012 . 
6. ↑ Syrian rebels report successes on the border with Iraq. In: Reuters . November 22, 2012, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
7. ↑ Sharia Committee: Islamist rebels want to rule Eastern Syria. In: The world . March 13, 2013, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
8. ^ Massacre in Syria: ISIS militia apparently kills 700 members of a tribe. In: Spiegel Online . August 16, 2014, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
9. ^ Islamic State group 'executes 700' in Syria. In: Al Jazeera . August 17, 2014, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
10. ↑ IS fighters continue to advance in Syria. In: Nordwest-Zeitung . December 4, 2014, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
11. ↑ Civil war: Syria reports attacks by Israeli fighter planes. In: Spiegel Online . December 7, 2014, accessed August 21, 2015 . 
12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from February 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
13. ↑ Leith Fadel: ISIS launches massive assault in Deir Ezzor. In: Al-Masdar News , January 26, 2016 (English).
14. ↑ Aid airdrops Are Needed To Help Starving Syrians in Deir Ezzor. In: The Huffington Post , January 22, 2016 (English)
15. ↑ Aid transports in Syria - “Doctors often operate without anesthesia” , NZZ, August 18, 2016
16. ↑ Emma Henderson: "Syrian army 'kills over 200 Isis militants' in three-day Deir ez-Zor offensive" The Independent, May 18, 2016
17. ^ "Syrian army breaks years-long Isil siege on Deir Ezzor" The Telegraph, September 5, 2017
18. ↑ With the help of Russia: Syrian army expels IS from Deir al-Sor . In: Spiegel Online . November 3, 2017 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 3, 2017]).
19. ↑ trend.az : At least 100 people killed in explosion in Deir Ez-Zor, Syria.
20. ↑ Syria: Euphrates bridge destroyed, deadly raid on al-Bayda. In: ANSAmed. May 3, 2013, accessed August 21, 2015 .