Delmenhorster Geest

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The Delmenhorster Geest is a main natural spatial unit within the natural spatial greater region of the Central North German Lowland. It is part of the natural area of ​​the Ems-Hunte-Geest . Parts of the Delmenhorster Geest are part of the Wildeshauser Geest Nature Park .

Natural structure

The Delmenhorster Geest is divided into the following natural subunits:

The Delmenhorster Geest is bounded in the south and southwest by the main natural unit of the Cloppenburger Geest , in the west by the main unit of the Hunte-Leda lowlands , in the north by the main unit of the Wesermarsch and in the east by the Thedinghauser Vorgeest and the Syker Geest .

location

Fish ponds in Dötlingen

The Delmenhorster Geest comprises the western parts of the urban area of Delmenhorst , the municipalities of Ganderkesee , Dötlingen , parts of the municipality of Großenkneten and the integrated municipality of Harpstedt and the district town of Wildeshausen. Except for the areas belonging to the independent city of Delmenhorst, the Delmenhorster Geest is part of the Oldenburg district. In total, the Delmenhorster Geest covers an area of ​​573 km².

Natural space

The Delmenhorster Geest is an old moraine landscape formed during the Saale Ice Age and overprinted under periglacial conditions in the Vistula Ice Age . As such, it is characterized by small differences in altitude. On the Delmenhorster Geest, areas alternate with boulder clay and sand plates, which are cut up by the narrow floodplain areas of the rivers and streams draining the area. Old forests can only be found on the Delmenhorster Geest in the area of ​​the former manorial forest of the Stenumer Holz , the forest area of ​​the Stühe and in Hasbruch .

Massive overexploitation of nature through the plague management that was common up until the agricultural reforms of the 19th century as part of the eternal cultivation of rye led to the formation of large-scale heathland landscapes with the podzols characteristic of them on the sandy locations from the High Middle Ages . In many places, wastelands with almost no vegetation formed with sandy areas and z. Sometimes meter-high shifting dunes, which in turn posed major problems for agriculture.

With the introduction of mineral fertilizers and the division of the common land , these heather areas were converted into arable land. To improve the microclimate, v. a. but the individual fields were surrounded by hedges to protect the wind.

The locations of the inland dunes, which are very unfavorable for agriculture, with their extremely nutrient-poor soils, were reforested with pine monocultures after they were cultivated by the state forest administration. To ensure the quality of the sites and to improve the on the encountered here podsols typical Ortsteinschicht break, large areas have been deeply tilled before planting of steam plows from the mid-19th century.

The pine monocultures that were afforested in the 19th century proved to be extremely susceptible to wind in the long run. By the storm Quimburga on November 13, 1972, these forests on the Delmenhorster Geest were almost completely destroyed within a few hours. However, due to more recent findings in forestry, reforestation took place in the following years, but now partly as mixed deciduous forest. Today about 20% of the total area is forest on the Delmenhorster Geest .

Rivers

The most important receiving waters of the Delmenhorster Geest include the Hunte , which flows through the area in its section between Wildeshausen in the south and Huntlosen in the north, the catfish that arise on the Delmenhorster Geest and the Brookbäke , which flows through the Hasbruch. The numerous floodplain areas are not only of outstanding importance from a nature conservation point of view, but also represented the starting point for the settlement of the Delmenhorster Geest .

Cultural landscape

Delmenhorster Geest northwest of Wildeshausen

The area of ​​the Delmenhorster Geest has been a settlement area in the area of ​​clay slabs since the Neolithic Age. The megalithic tombs , such as the Glaner Bride , the Visbeker Bride and the Visbek groom from the Neolithic Age are important witnesses to this.

The Heidenwall near Dehltun in the municipality of Ganderkesee, a prehistoric refuge, is another evidence of early settlement.

Wildeshausen , located at the junction of the old Flemish Road over the Hunte, was not only of outstanding importance as a marketplace and traffic junction, but also as a medieval pilgrimage site with the Alexander Church.

Today's landscape of the Delmenhorster Geest is essentially a work of the 19th century, when as part of the division of the common heaths and wastelands were afforested or converted into arable land after their cultivation.

The so-called wall hedges on the Delmenhorster Geest, which are also known in the region as Över or Knicks, represent an essential landscape element characteristic of the North German Geest landscape . These plants, planted with old trees, were created as part of the division of the common land as part of the agricultural reforms of the 19th century as wind protection for the newly created arable land and are under protection due to their high value as living space as well as for the landscape.

Nature reserves

Within the main natural region of the Delmenhorster Geest are the nature reserves Hasbruch , Poggenpohlsmoor , Huntloser Moor , Tannersand and Gierenberg , Barnführer Holz and Schreensmoor , Hatter Holz , Glaner Heide , Döhler Wehe , Stühe and the banks of the Endeler and Holzhauser Heide in the area between Ahlhorn and Wildeshausen.

In total, 3.25% of the total area in the Delmenhorster Geest natural area is under nature protection.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Lehmann, Sophie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 54/55 Oldenburg / Emden. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. → Online map (PDF, 7.6 MB)
  2. ^ Herbert Lehmann, Sophie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 56 Bremen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. → Online map (PDF, 7.6 MB)
  3. ↑ De facto, the Delmenhorster Geest represents both the main unit (4th order region) 595 and the 5th order unit 595.0.
  4. ↑ a b c Delmenhorster Geest. Landscape profile. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation , accessed on January 3, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Eilert Tantzen : The reforestation of heaths and wastelands by the Oldenburg State Forestry Administration in the 19th century Oldenburg 2008
  6. ^ "Hasbruch" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  7. ^ "Poggenpohlsmoor" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  8. ^ "Huntloser Moor" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  9. ^ "Tannersand and Gierenberg" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  10. ^ "Hatter Holz" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  11. ^ "Glaner Heide" nature reserve in the database of the Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012
  12. ↑ Nature reserve “Bäken der Endeler und Holzhauser Heide” in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , accessed on April 30, 2012