German-Indian relations

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German-Indian relations
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The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Germany have traditionally been strong and friendly based on economic, cultural and strategic cooperation.

history

Reception of the first Indian student in Dresden , German Democratic Republic (1951)

German researchers have been concerned with the Indian cultural area since at least the 17th century. Famous representatives of early German Indology were Heinrich Roth , Wilhelm von Humboldt , Friedrich Schlegel , his brother August Wilhelm Schlegel , Friedrich Rückert and Franz Bopp . The German Indologist Max Müller (1823–1900), after whom the Goethe Institutes in India are named as Max Mueller Bhavan today , became known worldwide .

During the First World War there was a secret collaboration u. a. Indian nationalists with the Foreign Office . While the Indian side sought independence from the British Empire , the strategic interest of the German side consisted in weakening the war opponent through the unrest in its "crown jewel" India. This Hindu-German conspiracy failed.

Before and after the beginning of the Second World War , Mahatma Gandhi wrote two letters to Adolf Hitler , which, in their pacifist orientation, had no great effect (the British did not even forward the second letter to Germany).

The Free India Legion, initiated by Subhash Chandra Bose, was a Wehrmacht military unit made up of captured Indians of the Commonwealth of Nations during World War II . It was supposed to march together with German forces over the Caucasus through Persia in the front row to India and end the British colonial rule there, which was thwarted by the course of the war.

After the end of World War II, India was the first belligerent nation to end the state of war with Germany. The official establishment of diplomatic relations between the West German Federal Republic, founded in 1949, and India, which became independent in 1947, took place on March 7, 1951. In 1952, both states opened embassies in New Delhi and Bonn. The Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially rejected the establishment of official diplomatic relations with the GDR . Unofficially, this attitude was justified with the Indian expectation of West German economic aid. After the Basic Treaty , India established diplomatic relations with the GDR in 1972.

The German aircraft engineer Kurt Tank , who had worked for Focke-Wulf during the war and in Argentina after the war , continued his work in India from 1956 after the overthrow of Argentine President Juan Perón , where he worked for Hindustan Aircraft in 1959 (from 1964 Hindustan Aeronautics ) became chief designer in Bangalore . There he developed a fighter-bomber , the Hindustan Aeronautics HF 24 . In 1969 he returned to West Berlin .

Development of bilateral relations

Signing of the Indo-German Loan Agreement 1960

Germany has been intensely involved in the development of education and cultural life in India. For example, on the basis of a government agreement from 1956, the country helped found the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and has maintained and even expanded its support for this institution over the decades. With German support, the steelworks in Rourkela was built in the 1950s .

In 2008 both states founded the Indo-German Science and Technology Center in New Delhi with the aim of promoting joint research and development in the fields of energy, the environment, coal and hydrotechnology.

Germany is India's fifth most important trading partner worldwide and even ranks first in Europe. The trading volume amounted to 10.5 billion euros in 2006, 12.7 billion euros in 2007/08 and the forecasts for 2010 were 30 billion euros. India and Germany have strong economic ties in the telecommunications, engineering, environmental technology, food processing, chemical and pharmaceutical products industries.

Strategic Relationships

In the 1990s, Germany condemned India's nuclear tests, but subsequently expanded its cooperation with India in the fight against terrorism and through joint military exercises.

In 2008, the naval forces of both countries carried out their first joint military exercise based on an agreement from 2006.

Since 1999 India has launched seven German satellites into orbit.

Political Relations

Both India and Germany are trying to get a permanent seat on the UN Security Council .

State visits

In 2008, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Angela Merkel visited India on an official state visit and signed several contracts for economic, scientific, technological and military cooperation.

See also

Web links

Commons : Indo-German Relations  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harald Loch: Mahatma Gandhi's work edition appears . Badish newspaper. October 12, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  2. ^ Christian Wagner: The German-Indian relations. (pdf) Comité d'études des relations franco-allemandes (Cerfa), May 2011, accessed on May 30, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Germany and India: Strategic Partners. india.diplo.de, accessed on May 30, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Joachim Nawrocki : Not only joy for the GDR. (pdf) Zeit online, December 22, 1972, accessed on May 31, 2020 .
  5. ^ Report of March 7, 1956: Without tank on spiegel.de, accessed on August 13, 2013.
  6. ↑ HF-24 Marut on Flugzeuginfo.net, accessed on August 13, 2013.
  7. ^ History of IIT Madras . Indian Institute of Technology Madras . April 8, 2008. Archived from the original on December 16, 2004. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  8. ↑ a b Kapil Sibal inaugurates Indo-German Science and Technology Center . Newstrack India. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  9. ↑ http://www.sail.co.in/rourkela-steel-plant/about-rourkela-steel-plant
  10. ↑ a b c Angela Merkel plans to boost relations with India in business, science and politics . Pravda . October 30, 2007. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  11. ↑ a b c d Pallavi Sharma: Indo-German relations . Newstrack India. October 31, 2007. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  12. ↑ a b c d e Indo-German joint naval exercise commences in India . Newstrack India. April 8, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  13. ↑ Indo-German trade to cross 30 bn Euros by 2010 . The Economic Times . September 8, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.