German order coming Koblenz

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The Deutschherrenhaus with the cross of the Teutonic Order (the actual German Corner )
The Rheinbau, today the Deutschherrenhaus, the former Teutonic order commander
The Deutschherrenhaus with the ruins of the chapel on the left
The gate construction of the former Teutonic Order of Koblenz
The flower courtyard for the 2011 Federal Garden Show

The Deutschordenskommende Koblenz was a branch ( Kommende ) of the Teutonic Order at the confluence of the Moselle and Rhine in Koblenz , which rose to become a chamber ball in the 15th century . The complex, only partially preserved, is now located between the Kaiser Wilhelm I monument and the St. Kastor basilica . The Ludwig Museum is housed in the Rhine building, which is now known as the Deutschherrenhaus .

history

The Teutonic Order Coming in Koblenz was the first branch of the Teutonic Order in the Rhineland and was one of the most important locations in the west. Archbishop Theoderich von Wied called the knights of the Teutonic Order to Koblenz in 1216 and gave them part of the grounds of the Kastor Church, including the St. Nicholas Hospital located there. A motivation for the settlement of the order was to be seen in its suitability for nursing.

Immediately on the corner where the Moselle flows into the Rhine, a branch of the Teutonic Order was established soon afterwards. In the middle of the 13th century, the importance of the knightly order in the city grew and the order was expanded with the support of the Archbishops of Trier . Since the establishment of the Teutonic Order, this site was initially called "Deutscher Ordt" and then the name "Deutsches Eck". With the construction of the Kaiser Wilhelm I monument in 1897, the name "Deutsches Eck" shifted from the area of ​​the Teutonic Order to the area of ​​the monument.

In the 15th century, the importance of the Teutonic Order continued to grow, as it became the seat of one of four chambers that were directly subordinate to the Grand Master of the Order. The Ballei Koblenz owned widely scattered land holdings, and since 1263 also the village and the church in Elsen in what is now the Rhine district of Neuss . Elsen was the only imperial immediate territory owned by the Koblenz Chamber of Commerce. This gave the Landkomtur a say in the organs of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation . Countess Mechthild , widow of Count Heinrich III. von Sayn (1202–1246), bequeathed the already existing parish of Waldbreitbach (Neuwied district) to the Teutonic Order after the death of her husband . After 1313 the Kommende Breitbach came under the jurisdiction of the Komtur zu Horneck (am Neckar). Until its dissolution in 1803, the parish remained with the Ballei Koblenz.

The Landkomtur of the Ballei Koblenz moved its seat to Cologne around 1600 to the Coming St. Catherine, which had existed there since 1218 . In 1619 Morsbroich Castle became the property of the Teutonic Order and after 1794 became the sole seat of the Landkomtur.

After French revolutionary troops conquered Koblenz in 1794, the left bank of the Rhine was fundamentally reorganized by the French. The onset of secularization from 1802 onwards meant the end of ecclesiastical rule and also the end for those coming to the German Order in Koblenz. It was dissolved in 1809 and sold in private ownership. After the French period and with the construction of the Prussian fortress in Koblenz , the building of the Teutonic Order took up the provisions store from 1821. The old room layout in the Rhine building was destroyed so that new ceilings for the storage of grain could be built, and the vaults of the Remter in the Moselle wing were removed. In the course of the new construction of the city ​​fortifications , the casemate building , which still exists today and bears the cross of the Teutonic Order, was built at the mouth of the Moselle in front of the Rhine .

From 1897 to 1941 the former complex of the Teutonic Order housed the Prussian State Archives in Koblenz . The Rhine building was redesigned to a warehouse with what was then modern iron fittings; the other buildings took over the administration of the archive. The former refectory in Mosel wing was reconstructed and served as a library.

During the Second World War, the facility was largely destroyed in the air raids on Koblenz in 1944; fortunately, the holdings of the State Archives had previously been relocated. After that, only the Rhine structure was rebuilt in 1952–54 and used by the road administration. Externally, the previous state was restored, the interior was modernized. The city of Koblenz bought the building from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1988 and converted it into the Ludwig Museum from 1990 to 1992 . In 2002, a modern building was erected on the ruins of the former archives house. During the preparation for the organization of the Federal Horticultural Show 2011  - the area was part of the core area "Blumenhof am Deutschen Eck" - further evidence of the knightly order was uncovered and secured.

buildings

The area of ​​the Deutschordenskommende Koblenz at the Deutsches Eck before the construction of the Kaiser Wilhelm I monument around 1875

After settling in Koblenz in 1216, the order was only able to gradually expand the area of ​​its settlement; He therefore took over some of the older buildings, which were connected to one another and redesigned through appropriate modifications. In particular, the so-called west building and the Moselle wing contained parts of older buildings. The area of ​​the Deutschordenskommende finally consisted of a main building, the Rheinbau (built in 1279) and several auxiliary buildings that were grouped in a horseshoe around a courtyard that was open to the south. In addition, there was a religious order attached to the west building, which was consecrated in 1306 and demolished in 1811.

As a result of the destruction after the air raids on Koblenz in 1944 and the subsequent demolition work, only parts of the residential and courtyard buildings have survived. The east wing (formerly the commander's apartment) on the Rhine side was rebuilt. It is a three-storey rectangular building with a polygonal stair tower (added in the 19th century) on the southwest corner and steep shield gables. The arched ground floor of the so-called Trotzenburg still exists from the west wing. The south wall of the demolished Teutonic Order Church still exists with magnificent vaulted consoles. A small Gothic chapel (built in 1354/1355), which was destroyed in World War II, was attached to the south. The ruins, parts of the outer walls, still had traces of wall paintings in the 1960s, but these were almost completely weathered because no security measures were taken. The portal in the western boundary wall next to the St. Kastor Basilica comes from the former orphanage (on the site of the Prussian government building , destroyed by fire in 1901), which was built under Elector Franz Ludwig von der Pfalz . The flower courtyard is located behind the main building and is today, as it was in the time of the order, a garden.

Coming from the Koblenz Chamber of Commerce

Upcoming and other possessions of the Balleien Koblenz and Alden-Biezen in the 18th century

The following comers were subordinate to the Kammerballei Koblenz:

Commander of the Kammerballei Koblenz

→ Main article: List of the district committees of the Koblenz Chamber Ballei

Ludwig Museum

César : Le Pouce - The Thumb, in the Ludwig Museum since 1993, on loan from the Ludwig Forum

The Ludwig Museum is the fifth art collection initiated by the collectors Peter and Irene Ludwig in Germany and was opened on September 18, 1992 with the exhibition “Atelier de France”. The focus of the museum on French art of the 20th century, primarily the developments after 1945 up to current positions, is unique in Germany.

In addition to its exhibition rooms on four floors, the Ludwig Museum also uses the adjacent “flower courtyard”, which is an exhibition space for striking three-dimensional works. The museum's holdings include César's “Thumb” and the installation “A Place of Remembrance and Forgetting” by Anne and Patrick Poirier , who developed this work specifically for the establishment of the museum for this location.

Monument protection

The facility of the former Teutonic Order is a protected cultural monument according to the Monument Protection Act (DSchG) and entered in the list of monuments of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate . It is in Danzig Freedom 1 .

Since 2002 the facility of the former Teutonic Order has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley .

See also

literature

  • Energieversorgung Mittelrhein GmbH (ed.): History of the city of Koblenz. Overall editing: Ingrid Bátori in conjunction with Dieter Kerber and Hans Josef Schmidt
    • Vol. 1: From the beginning to the end of the electoral era. Theiss, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8062-0876-X
    • Vol. 2: From the French city to the present. Theiss, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8062-1036-5
  • Johann Heinrich Hennes: Codex diplomaticus Ordinis Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum. = Document book on the history of the Teutonic Order, in particular the Ballei Coblenz. Verlag Kirchheim, Schott and Thielmann, Mainz 1845 ( digitized in DjVu format)
  • Albert Hardt: In the land of Neuerburg an der Wied. Verbandsgemeinde, Wolfenacker 1987 (therein: The Commende of the Teutonic Order in Waldbreitbach an der Wied)
  • Dieter Kerber, Udo Liessem: The German Order in Koblenz. Studies on history and building development in the Middle Ages. Görres-Verlag, Koblenz 1990, ISBN 3-920388-12-7
  • Jens Fachbach: In the shadow of the emperor? A brief overview of the building history of the Teutonic Order Coming in Koblenz. In: Beate Reiferscheid, Mark Hesslinger (ed.): Reality and the divine. Festschrift for the anniversary 1216–2016. From the Deutscherrenhaus to the Ludwig Museum. Koblenz 2016, ISBN 978-3-9816878-2-8 , pp. 30-39.
  • P. Frank Bayard OT: The German Order and the Ballei Koblenz (1216–1809), ibid., Pp. 22–29.
  • Documentation for the Federal Garden Show 2011 in Koblenz
    • Volume 1: City in Transition: The Middle Rhine region is preparing. Garwain, April 2011, ISBN 978-3-936436-19-8
  • Herbert Dellwing (editor): Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 3.2: City of Koblenz. Downtown. Werner, Worms 2004, ISBN 3-88462-198-X
  • Richard Knipping: The building history of the Teutonic Order House in Coblenz. Leipzig, 1907. ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Deutschherrenhaus Koblenz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - district-free city of Koblenz. (PDF; 1.3 MB), Koblenz 2011

Coordinates: 50 ° 21 ′ 46 ″  N , 7 ° 36 ′ 18 ″  E