Devuan

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Devuan
Devuan-logo.svg
developer Devuan / Veteran UNIX Admins (VUA) - Franco Lanza, Denis Roio, Daniel Reurich u. a.
License (s) GNU Compliant Licenses
Current  version 3.0.0 "Beowulf" (June 01, 2020)
Kernel Linux
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ Debian GNU / Linux
↳ Devuan
Architecture (s) ARM EABI , x86 or i386 (32 bit), AMD64 (64 bit)
Installation medium CD , DVD , computer network
Languages) multilingual
www.devuan.org

Devuan GNU + Linux is a Linux distribution that was created as a fork of Debian at the end of 2014 . The declared aim is not to use the controversial systemd service and to keep the entire range of packages free of systemd requirements. With this, Devuan is opposing the switch to systemd made by the largest Linux distributions. The name is derived from “Dev-one” or “Dev-1” and the abbreviation “VUA”. The latter stands for the name of the development team "Veteran UNIX Admins". These include Franco “nextime” Lanza, the dyne: bolic developer Denis “jaromil” Roio and Daniel “Centurion” Reurich. Within two years, the project donations of about 10,000 has US dollars received. Devuan's supporters include the Dyne Foundation .

background

Linux systems were traditionally started by the SysVinit system, which in turn starts and monitors essential start programs and background services of the system. This is done by a series of shell scripts that the "init" process processes sequentially. The systemd daemon published in 2010 was supposed to replace this concept, which was seen as outdated . As a result, the majority of Linux distributions introduced systemd. Further use of the SysVinit concept was not possible or only possible with considerable effort. This change in leading distributions met with criticism and sometimes massive rejection from developers, administrators and users .

With Version 8 (code name "Jessie" ) released in 2014 , Debian introduced systemd as the last major distribution. The Debian developers were "recommended" to support the SysVinit concept for future developments, but no longer required. Here, too, there were heated disputes among supporters and opponents, which led to developers leaving at the end of 2014 and the establishment of the Devuan project. The Devuan developers commented, "We believe the situation is also the result of a lengthy process that will lead to the Gnome project taking over Debian ."

Project

Devuan wants to provide a distribution based on Debian, which does not force the user to use a certain init system, but leaves the choice to him. In particular, it should be ensured that the system remains functional in the long term even without systemd. In addition to the traditional SysVinit concept, Devuan wants to offer init systems such as runit , sinit, OpenRC , s6 and shepherd. Systemd could also be enabled, provided that integration is possible without colliding with other init systems or incompatibilities. However, no one has volunteered for the integration of systemd.

The nomenclature of the different Devuan versions is based on the Debian model, there is a "stable", a "testing", an "unstable" and an "experimental" version. However, Devuan uses the names of minor planets as code names . The “unstable” version always has the code name Ceres (after (1) Ceres ), “testing” is named after (3568) ASCII .

For installation, Devuan uses software packages in deb format, which are provided in their own repositories . There are special repositories for use with Tor . The software packages were partly adapted from Debian packages and partly rewritten. For version 1.0 (as of April 2016) 381 Debian packages were rewritten and the systemd dependencies removed from them. A new development of the "baseconf" package causes a prioritization of SysVinit and the Devuan repositories. Systemd and systemd-sysv are excluded by this change. The udev integrated in systemd is replaced by eudev. Due to numerous dependencies, a libsystemd0 file must still be supplied in order to keep software packages running.

The expansion of support to other hardware platforms such as ARM64, MIPS , PowerPC and SPARC is planned.

With the publication of "Jessie" , work on the successor version (working name "ASCII" ) began. This includes the removal of systemd dependencies from other 146 packages, from BSD components to entire desktop environments .

Publications

The release of " alpha " versions, which had already been announced for 2015, took place late in February 2016 as "alpha4". On April 29, 2016, version 1.0 beta with the code name Jessie - after the minor planet (10464) Jessie - was released. Version 1.0.0 beta2 was released on November 30th, 2016. Its development level corresponds to Debian 8.6. The release of version 1.0.0- RC was announced on April 21, 2017, with the aim of offering a system with long-term support . Compared to the beta versions, improvements etc. a. in the automatic detection of WLAN components, with the Samba installation and the support of 29 ARM-based single-board computers such as the Raspberry Pi family. The Nokia N900 is also better supported. Thanks to u-boot support, Devuan can also run on tablet computers with the Allwinner A33 chipset.

After another release candidate, the first stable version 1.0.0 was released on May 25, 2017. The basis of the publication is the Linux kernel 3.16.43 LTS and the desktop environment Xfce 4.10. Sysvinit, runit, OpenRC, Upstart and the “init system selection tool” init-select are available as init systems . Particular emphasis was placed on the simplest possible upgrade from Debian "Wheezy" or cross-upgrading from Debian "Jessie" . Like Debian Jessie itself, version 1.0.0 contains SysVinit 2.88, openrc 0.13, runit 2.1, upstart 1.11, a NetworkManager version that no longer links to libsystem0, and supports numerous ARM-based single-board computers, namely Raspberry Pi 2 and 3, Acer Chromebook , Orange Pi 2, Cubietruck, Cubieboard 2, Banana Pi , CHIP , Odroid XU , Lamobo R1 and Rockchip . The developers promise longer support with updates for this version than Debian "Jessie" would receive.

In addition to regular downloads, direct update paths for migrating from Debian 7 ( “Wheezy” ) and 8 ( “Jessie” ) are offered.

In addition, the project offers ready-made virtual machines for VMware , VirtualBox and Vagrant .


Legend: Older version; no longer supported Older version; still supported Current version Current preliminary version Future version
version Surname status release Support (LTS) Kernel supported architectures Remarks
Older version; still supported: 1.0.0 Jessie oldoldstable May 25, 2017 - 3.16.43 LTS 5 x86 (amd64 & i386), ARM (arm64, armel, armhf) First officially released version. Based on Debian 8 Jessie. ARM64 support only on Raspberry Pi 3.
Older version; still supported: 2.1.0 ASCII oldstable June 6, 2018 - 4.9.0-6 5 x86 (amd64 & i386), ARM (arm64, armel, armhf) Images are also available for BeagleBone, OrangePi, Banana Pi, OlinuXino, Cubieboard, Nokia and Motorola mobile devices, as well as for Chromebook and virtual installations .
Current version: 3.0.0 Beowulf stable June 1, 2020 - 4.19 5 x86 (amd64 & i386), ARM (arm64, armel, armhf)
Preliminary version: 4.0.0 Chimaera in development In development - - 5 x86 (amd64 & i386), ARM (arm64, armel, armhf)

reception

Numerous other Linux derivatives have been created on the basis of Devuan, including a. Crowz (previously Zephyr), Refracta GNUinos and the STAR live system . Devuan was presented at the OpenNebula Conference 2015 and is explicitly supported by OpenNebula, and it was also presented at the Chaos Communication Camp 2015. In June 2017, ParrotSec, the distributor of Parrot OS , announced a move from Debian to Devuan as the basis of its distribution to consider.

Bruce Perens , former Debian project leader, said he preferred Devuan because it was effective and problem-free. It is structured the way he would have developed Debian.

Trivia

The dispute over systemd also extended to the Devuan project. Golem reported that there had been massive trolls on the project's IRC channel right from the start , which made intensive moderation necessary. The announcement of the fork on LWN.net triggered troll attacks and defamation, which forced the operator Jonathan Corbet to delete numerous comments and several obvious sock puppet accounts. He has had to do this only once since his platform was founded. Corbet was then referred to as the "suppressor of free speech". Other LWN users reported that they had been called racists .

Web links

Commons : Devuan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oliver Diedrich: Unix veterans collect for Debian without Systemd. In: heise online . November 28, 2014, accessed June 2, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Oliver Frommel: Devuan forks Debian. In: ADMIN magazine . December 1, 2014, accessed December 22, 2016 .
  3. ↑ The Debian fork of the veteran Unix admins without Systemd - Debian becomes Devuan. In: LinuxUser , edition 08/2016. Retrieved January 9, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Jack M. Germain: Forked Debian Beta Is Rough Around the Edges. In: Linux Insider. May 7, 2016, accessed on August 22, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Thomas Cloer: Dispute about systemd leads to Debian fork. In: Computerwoche . December 2, 2014, accessed August 22, 2016 .
  6. ↑ a b Oliver Frommel: Devuan: Systemd-free Debian fork reaches version 1.0. In: Admin magazine. April 24, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Systemd as the control center for the Linux system. In: LinuxUser 04/2014. Retrieved August 23, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Chris Hoffman: Meet Devuan, the Debian fork born from a bitter systemd revolt. In: PCWorld. December 3, 2014, accessed August 22, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Simon Sharwood: system row ends with Debian getting forked. In: The Register. December 1, 2014, accessed August 22, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Silviu Stahie: Fork Debian Project Announces the systemd-less OS Devuan. In: Softpedia. November 28, 2014, accessed August 22, 2016 .
  11. ↑ Jörg Thoma: Systemd: Devuan threatens to divide Debian. In: Golem.de . November 29, 2014, accessed December 22, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Joe Casad: Debian Gets Forked; Legendary Uber-distro splits over the systemd controversy. In: Linux Magazine. December 2, 2014, accessed September 11, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Simon Sharwood: systemd free Linux distro Devuan releases second beta. In: The Register. November 30, 2016, accessed December 21, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Devuan / os / init-freedom. In: Devuan homepage; Init Freedom Campaign. Accessed August 23, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Devuan / os. In: Devuan homepage. Accessed August 23, 2016 .
  16. ↑ a b Ferdinand Thommes: Devuan publishes first beta without systemd. In: ComputerBase . April 29, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016 .
  17. ^ A b Ferdinand Thommes: Devuan publishes Beta 2. In: Pro-Linux . December 1, 2016, accessed December 22, 2016 .
  18. ↑ a b c Moritz Förster: Debian without systemd: Devuan Jessie 1.0.0 stable released. In: iX - magazine for professional information technology . May 26, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2017 .
  19. ↑ a b Tim Schürmann: Devuan 1.0.0 released. In: linux-community.de ( Marquard Media Group ). May 26, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017 .
  20. ↑ Moritz Förster: Volunteers wanted: libsystemd0 dependencies in Devuan Ascii. In: heise online. July 11, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Oliver Diedrich: Devuan: Let's start now. In: heise online. January 13, 2015, accessed June 2, 2017 .
  22. ↑ Ulrich Bantle: Devuan - Debian Fork without Systemd. In: Linux magazine . May 2, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Oliver Frommel: Debian-Fork Devuan releases beta version. In: Admin magazine. April 29, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016 .
  24. ↑ James Darvell: Devuan Beta Release. In: Linux Journal . May 3, 2016, accessed on August 22, 2016 .
  25. ^ Marius Nestor: Devuan GNU / Linux Continues Its Vision of Providing Debian Without Systemd. In: Softpedia. December 1, 2016, accessed December 21, 2016 .
  26. ↑ Simon Sharwood: systemd-free Devuan Linux hits version 1.0.0. In: The Register. April 22, 2017, accessed April 24, 2017 .
  27. ^ A b Marius Nestor: Devuan GNU / Linux 1.0 "Jessie" to Support Raspberry Pi 3, Acer Chromebook Devices. In: Softpedia. May 5, 2017, accessed June 26, 2017 .
  28. ^ Marius Nestor: Devuan GNU / Linux 1.0.0 "Jessie" Just Around the Corner, Release Candidate Out. In: Softpedia. April 24, 2017, accessed April 25, 2017 .
  29. ↑ a b Marius Nestor: First Look at Devuan 1.0: A Free OS Designed for Debian Fans Who Hate systemd. In: Softpedia. May 26, 2017, accessed June 2, 2017 .
  30. ^ Marius Nestor: Devuan 1.0 Officially Released, It's Based on Debian Jessie, but Without systemd. In: Softpedia. May 25, 2017, accessed May 26, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Michael Plura: Liberated. In: heise, iX Magazin, issue 08/2018. Retrieved March 13, 2020 .
  32. ^ Debian Long Term Support. April 27, 2015, accessed July 17, 2015 .
  33. ↑ a b Richard Chirgwin: Devuan ships second stable cut of its systemd-free Linux. In: Slashdot . June 12, 2018, accessed June 22, 2018 .
  34. ↑ Crowz project homepage. In: SourceForge . March 22, 2017, accessed March 29, 2017 .
  35. ↑ refracta. In: SourceForge . March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017 .
  36. ↑ Welcome to Devuan Jessie 1.0 Beta. In: Devuan homepage; Homepage. Accessed August 22, 2016 .
  37. ^ Adrian Bridgwater: Refracta 8.0 is an 'average' Linux distro, that's what's great about it. In: computerweekly.com. December 12, 2016, accessed March 21, 2017 .
  38. ^ Jack M. Germain: Refracta 8.0 Is a Pint-Sized Powerhouse. In: TechnNewsWorld. December 2, 2016, accessed December 21, 2016 .
  39. ↑ STAR / Less is More! In: SourceForge . Retrieved April 25, 2017 .
  40. ^ OpenNebula Agenda: The Status of Devuan Project. In: OpenNebula.org. Retrieved June 26, 2017 .
  41. ^ Tino Vazquez: OpenNebula Newsletter - April 2017. In: OpenNebula.org. April 28, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017 .
  42. ^ Wiki of the Chaos Communication Camp 2015. Accessed July 7, 2017 .
  43. ^ Marius Nestor: Parrot Security OS Ethical Hacking Distro Considers Ditching Debian for Devuan; systemd could be the main reason for this decision. In: Softpedia. June 11, 2017, accessed June 21, 2017 .
  44. ^ Debian and Devuan. In: Parrotblog. June 13, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
  45. ↑ Jörg Thoma: Devuan reports progress and a lot of trolling. In: Golem.de . December 24, 2014, accessed June 28, 2017 .
  46. ↑ Jonathan Corbet: The "Devuan" Debian fork. In: LWN.net . November 29, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2017 .