Feather carnation
| Feather carnation | ||||||||||||
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Mödlinger spring carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Neilreichii ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Dianthus plumarius | ||||||||||||
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The feather carnation ( Dianthus plumarius ) is a species from the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).
features
The spring carnation is a cushion-forming, herbaceous , perennial plant ( Chamaephyt to Hemikryptophyt ). It reaches heights of growth of 20 to 30, rarely 40 centimeters. The stems are almost square and have blue-green frosting. The leaves are linear-lanceolate, three-veined. They are one to 3.5 millimeters wide, the end is pointed or blunt. The top pair of leaves is scale-shaped, but can also be short and rigidly upright. The leaf sheaths are around two millimeters long.
The flowers are solitary or in pairs, rarely up to five on a stem. There are usually four, rarely two to six outer sepals . These are short spiky, obovate, skin-edged and a quarter to half as long as the calyx. The chalice is 17 to 30 millimeters long, four to five times as long as it is wide and approximately cylindrical in shape. The calyx teeth are lanceolate to ovate, blunt or pointed at the end, and have a wide skin margin. The petals have a 12 to 18 millimeter long plate that is irregularly slit up to the middle. The color is white or red, unspotted. The plate is slightly bearded at the bottom. The nail has three pressed strips. Flowering time is April to July. The flowers are proterandric , nectar-bearing platter flowers that are pollinated by butterflies ( lepidopterophilia ).
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
distribution
The species only occurs above lime (it is limestone). In Austria and Hungary it is native, in Germany, where it is kept as an ornamental plant, it occurs only in wild gardens. There are locations of the spring carnation in the Eastern Alps , especially in the Northern Limestone Alps , less often in the crystalline Central Alps. It is mainly found in Alpine butterbur meadows. In Hungary, their habitat is limited to the dolomite grasslands in the mountains northwest of Budapest.
It occurs in the montane to subalpine altitude range up to 2200 m above sea level.
Systematics
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Several subspecies are distinguished within the species. These are clearly differentiated geographically, but only differed by a few characteristics and also have broad transition areas, so that the status as a subspecies is possibly too high:
In Austria you can find:
- Mödlinger feather carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Neilreichii (Hayek) Hegi ): It has the chromosome number 2n = 60 or 90.
- Beautiful spring carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Blandus (Rchb.) Hegi ), endemic to the Dead Mountains and the Ennstal Alps . It has the chromosome number 2n = 60, 75 or 90.
- Styrian feather carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Hoppei (Port.) Hegi ): It occurs in Styria, Carinthia and Eastern Slovenia. It has the number of chromosomes 2n = 90.
- Hainburg spring carnation ( Dianthus lumnitzeri Wiesbaur , Syn .: Dianthus plumarius subsp. Lumnitzeri (Wiesb.) Domin ) on Braunsberg in eastern Lower Austria. It has the chromosome number 2n = 60 or 90.
There is also Dianthus plumarius subsp. plumarius .
In Hungary, the King Stephen feather carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Regis-stephani (Rapaics) Baksay ) is endemic to the Dolomite meadows of the Pilis Mountains and the Buda Uplands .
Philatelic
In the flowers stamp series , Deutsche Post AG is issuing a stamp with a feather carnation motif worth 85 euro cents. The design comes from the graphic designers Stefan Klein and Olaf Neumann in Iserlohn . First issue date is December 4, 2014.
Common names
For the feather carnation, the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Friesli ( Lucerne ), the shaggy Gretl ( Austria ) and Stinagelbleamen ( Transylvania ).
supporting documents
- Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 370.
- ↑ Dieter Hess: Alpine flowers . Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, p. 226f. ISBN 3-8001-3243-5
- ↑ according to Fischer et al. 2008, p. 343.
- ↑ a b c Dianthus plumarius at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Dianthus lumnitzeri at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 134. ( online ).
Web links
- Dianthus plumarius L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )