Dense bloom concrete

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Dense bloom concrete
Stachys pradica01.jpg

Dense flower betony ( Betonica hirsuta )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Betonien ( Betonica )
Type : Dense bloom concrete
Scientific name
Betonica hirsuta
L.

The Dichtblütige Betonie ( Betonica hirsuta ), also rauhaarige Betonie , Alpine Betonie or Zottige Betonie is called a plant from the genus of Betonien ( Betonica ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

Description and ecology

Differentiation from other types

The dense-flowered betony can be easily distinguished from the very variable real betony ( Betonica officinalis ), of which numerous infraspecific taxa have also been described, due to the dense hairs, a large flower and the always missing branches in the inflorescence. The dense-flowered betony has many simple diagnostic features due to a strongly compressed false ear, the shape of the corolla, the dense hairs, the general growth shape and its ecological and plant-sociological classification. This means that it is relatively easy to address it in the relationally complex genus of the Betonien.

Inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The real betony is a perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. As a hemicryptophyte , it forms a subterranean, nodular rhizome as a perennial organ. The stem like the leaves stand together in a basal rosette and are densely and woolly hairy. Stems upright to ascending, especially in the upper part with dense yellowish hairs directed backwards (multicellular hairs, 1.5–3 mm). Rosette leaves with a 2–15 cm long stem. Stem leaves densely covered on both sides with multicellular joint hairs (1.5–3 mm), velvety soft, elongated heart-shaped at the base, blunt serrated, long stalked with the exception of the two uppermost leaves, which are close to the false ear.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to August, rarely in September. The inflorescence is egg-shaped and made up of composite pseudo whorls in a dense pseudo - ear . Calyx 12–15 mm long, reticulate veined, thin transparent to the base, with 4–5.5 mm long teeth gradually narrowing into an awn, glabrous in the lower part. Crown 15–24 mm long, carmine red; Entire upper lip, the somewhat longer lower lip with 3 large rounded lobes; Corolla tube without a hair ring.

The partial fruits are 3–3.5 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Betonica hirsuta was in 1771 by Carl von Linné . The Linnean type material of Betonica hirsuta is deposited in the Linnean Herbarium of the Linnean Society of London .

The species of the genus Betonica were placed in the genus Stachys for a long time . There are numerous synonyms for Betonica hirsuta L .: Betonica incana Miller , Stachys danicus Schinz & Thellung , Stachys densiflorus Bentham , Stachys monieri sensu PWBall , Stachys pradica (Zanted.) Greuter & Pignatti .

In Flora Europaea (Volume 3, 1972), for example, the dense bloom concrete is still listed as Stachys monieri (Gouan) PW Ball , just as the Flora Europaea online database also assigns this species to this taxonomic name (as of March 2015).

Occurrence

The dense-bloomed betony has its main distribution in the western and southern Alps , as well as in the mountains of the Apennine peninsula. On the Apennine peninsula from Monte Corno and the Abruzzo sporadically over the highest peaks of the Apennines to the Maritime Alps , from these to Savoy and western Switzerland, then very scattered through the Southern Alps to the Carnic and Julian Alps. In Austria, dense-bloomed betony occurs in southwestern Carinthia , namely in the Gailtal Alps and the Carnic Alps . In Switzerland , the plant is rare in the Lepontine Alps (Cima, Bocchetta di Camedo and Bocchetta di Stagno in Misox , Monte Camoghé, Val Morobbia, Val Cavargna, Val Solda, Monte Boglia), more common in the western Alps . In the Lower Valais , east to the Freiburg and Bernese Alps (to Hochmatt and Schnett between Saane and Abläntschen).

In the Dolomite is in bluegrass Heiden of Seslerietetum ( Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirens ) with dominant sesleria albicans ( Sesleria caerulea ) and Horst-sedge ( Carex sempervirens ) characteristic species . Because of its main focus, it is considered an insubric floristic element . According to Marianne Jeker, earlier site information in the Pyrenees and the northern Spanish mountains of the Iberian Peninsula are based on errors.

Usually, the occurrence of the Betonica officinalis in Central Europe ends far below an altitude of 1000 meters, whereas Betonica hirsuta only occurs above 1200 meters, but in the mountains it still goes above an altitude of 2000 meters. The dense-bloom concrete in Ticino rises by 2100 m, in Valais up to 2400 m.

In dry meadows and tall herbaceous meadows and dwarf shrub heaths; preferably, but not exclusively, on lime . The dense-bloomed concrete thrives mainly in the subalpine altitudes at altitudes of 1200 to 2000 meters, but also higher. The dense-bloomed concrete is not bitten by the cattle and can be classified as a weak pasture pointer . In addition to poor locations , it was mostly found in avalanche channels or long snow-covered hollows on colluvial soils during plant sociological mapping . In Austria it is (alpinae Allio victorialis-Eryngietum) in particular to the Allermannsharnisch-Alpine sea holly Society Association of Adenostylion alli arion Hochstaudenfluren bound for the Carnic, southern Julischen- was detected and Gailtal Alps. But it also occurs in the species-rich gold fescue lawn in the Gailtal Alps.

Use as an ornamental plant

Cultivar 'Hummelo'

The dense bloom concrete used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In a comparative inspection test of garden- worthy betonias and zieste, the Chicago Botanical Garden awarded the garden variety 'Hummelo' of the dense- bloom betonia ( Betonica hirsuta is horticulturally mostly marketed as Stachys monieri 'Hummelo') as particularly recommendable because of the attractive flowers and long flowering period. The horticultural selection of the "Hummelo" variety goes back to Ernst Pagels , one of the most famous German perennial growers of the twentieth century, who named the variety after the Dutch town of Hummelo near Bronckhorst .

literature

  • Marianne Jeker: Taxonomic and phytochemical investigations in the genus Betonica L. (= Diss. ETH. Volume 10312). Dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 1993.
  • Willfried Robert Franz: Distribution and affiliation of Betonica hirsuta and Eryngium alpinum in the Gailtaler Alps (Carinthia) and Carnic Alps / Alpi Carnice (Carinthia / Italy). In: Carinthia II. 198/118, Klagenfurt 2008, pp. 398-40 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Marianne Jeker: Taxonomic and phytochemical studies in the genus Betonica L. (= Diss. ETH. Volume 10312). Dissertation, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich 1993, p. 66
  2. ^ A b c Willfried Robert Franz: Distribution and affiliation of Betonica hirsuta and Eryngium alpinum in the Gailtaler Alps (Carinthia) and Carnic Alps / Alpi Carnice (Carinthia / Italy). 2008, p. 391
  3. ^ Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. Flora of Switzerland. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-258-05405-3 , p. 870.
  4. ↑ LINN 735.6 Betonica hirsuta in the Linnean Herbarium .
  5. ^ TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb: Flora Europaea 3, Diapensiaceae to Moyoporaceae . Cambridge at the University Press. 1972, p. 152.
  6. ↑ Flora Europaea - Query for Betonica hirsuta
  7. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Betonica hirsuta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  8. ^ Helmut Gams in Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe Volume V / 4. Carl Hanser, Munich 1927, p. 2432.
  9. ↑ Erika Pignatti & Sandro Pignatti: Plant life of the Dolomites - Vegetation Structure and Ecology . Publication of the Museum of Nature South Tyrol, 8, Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-31042-3 , p. 405.
  10. ↑ Erika Pignatti & Sandro Pignatti: Plant life of the Dolomites - Vegetation Structure and Ecology . 2014, p. 398
  11. ^ Helmut Gams in Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe Volume V / 4. Carl Hanser, Munich 1927, p. 2431.
  12. ^ Willfried Robert Franz: Distribution and association of Betonica hirsuta and Eryngium alpinum in the Gailtaler Alps (Carinthia) and Carnic Alps / Alpi Carnice (Carinthia / Italy). 2008, p. 397
  13. ^ Willfried Robert Franz: Distribution and association of Betonica hirsuta and Eryngium alpinum in the Gailtaler Alps (Carinthia) and Carnic Alps / Alpi Carnice (Carinthia / Italy). 2008, p. 395
  14. ^ Richard G. Hawke: A comparative study of cultivated Stachys . In: Plant Evaluation Notes. Volume 27, 2005, pp. 1-4 ( PDF file ).
  15. ↑ Breedings by Ernst Pagels
  16. ↑ 100 years of Pagels: Zottiger Ziest (Stachys monieri `Hummelo '); selected by Pagels, named after the place of residence of his friend Piet Oudolf .

Web links

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