Dmitri Ivanovich Jeropkin

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Dmitri Ivanovich Jeropkin ( Russian Дмитрий Иванович Еропкин * August 16 . Jul / 29. August  1908 greg. In the station Gorskaya in Sestroretsk , Russian Empire ; † 20th January 1938 in Gryazovets , Soviet Union ) was a Russian astrophysicist .

Life

Jeropkin, second of four sons of the nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Jeropkin (1870-1916) and grandson of the Decembrist Dmitri Irinarchowitsch Savalischin , attended the Lentowski High School in Petrograd in 1916 . After the October Revolution , Jeropkin was evacuated from starving Petrograd with his brothers and mother with others in May 1918 to spend the summer in a colony. However, the train with 800 people on its way east was intercepted by the whites and diverted to Miass , where cholera soon spread. As a result of the Russian Civil War , the children came to Kurgan , and in September 1918 there was no prospect of returning to Petrograd. In Kurgan, the American Red Cross cared for the children's colony , and Jeropkin went to school. In 1923 he returned to Petrograd.

Jeropkin studied 1924-1929 at the University of Leningrad in the astronomy department of the physics - mathematics faculty . In 1927 and 1928 he completed an internship at the Tashkent Observatory .

After graduating, Jeropkin became an adjunct employee of the Leningrad Astronomy Institute. In April 1929 he was sent to the Crimea for gravitational studies with the variometer . In 1930 he began his apprenticeship at the Pulkowo Observatory with Aristarch Belopolski . He was also the scientific secretary of the Commission for Solar Research.

The focus of Jeropkin's scientific work was the physics of the sun and the atmospheres of its planets . He examined the ozone content of the earth's atmosphere , the aurora borealis and the zodiacal light . In 1932 he took part in the Arctic expedition to Franz Josef Land . As early as 1933–1934, he suspected that relatively large complex molecules would have to be present in the planetary atmospheres at greater distances from the sun and weaker radiation . On the basis of the observed ozone absorption band , he asked about the detection of oxygen in the Martian atmosphere. He took part in the observation of the total solar eclipse on June 19, 1936.

Jeropkin was arrested on December 4, 1936 and sentenced on May 25, 1937 to 10 years imprisonment, loss of civil rights for 5 years and confiscation of his property for involvement in the terrorist fascist Trotsky Zinoviev organization. During the subsequent imprisonment in Gryazovets prison, a troika special court of the NKVD sentenced him to death by shooting, which happened on January 20, 1938. Rehabilitation took place in 1955.

Much the same happened to many scientists at the Pulkovo Observatory, later known as the Pulkovo Affair . The scientists were accused by the NKVD of participating in the terrorist fascist Trotsky Zinoviev organization, which was founded by the German secret service to overthrow the government of the Soviet Union and establish a fascist dictatorship on Soviet soil in 1932. The number of victims of this Pulkovo affair, which marked the beginning of the Great Terror , could not be precisely determined. The victims included not only scientists from the Pulkovo Observatory, but also astronomers , geologists , geophysicists , geodesists and mathematicians in various scientific institutes in Leningrad, Moscow and other cities.

scientific publications

  • Eropkin, D .: Occultations d'étoiles par la Lune . In: Journal des Observateurs . tape 12 , 1929, pp. 100 . ( Digitized version )
  • Eropkin, DJ: About the refraction of rays at the limit of moving media . In: Journal of Physics . tape 58 , no. 3-4 , 1929, pp. 268-272 .
  • Eropkin, D., Okunev, B .: About the short-period δ Cephei star SW Aquarii . In: Astronomical News . tape 240 , 1930, pp. 89 . ( Digitized version )
  • Еропкин Д. И .: Первая всесоюзная конференция по изучению Солнца и солнечной энергии . In: Природа . No. 8 , 1931, p. 810-813 .
  • Eropkin, DJ: About the extinction of light in Jupiter's atmosphere . In: Journal of Astrophysics . tape 3 , 1931, p. 163 . ( Digitized version )
  • Eropkin, DJ: Ozone in the planetary atmospheres . In: The natural sciences . tape 21 , no. 11 , 1933, pp. 221-222 .
  • Еропкин Д. И .: Солнце и стратосфера . (no longer published).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Н. Б. Орлова: МОЛОДОЙ АСТРОФИЗИК (Дмитрий Иванович Еропкин) (accessed September 25, 2017).
  2. ↑ P. James E. Peebles, R. Bruce Partridge, Lyman A. Page Jr .: Finding the Big Bang . Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-51982-3 , pp. 134 .
  3. ^ Loren R. Graham: Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-28789-8 , pp. 197 .
personal data
SURNAME Jeropkin, Dmitri Iwanowitsch Jeropkin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Еропкин, Дмитрий Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian astrophysicist
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Gorskaya near Sestrorezk
DATE OF DEATH January 20, 1938
Place of death Gryazovets