Dominican monastery Prenzlau

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Monastery complex
Interior of the monastery church to the west

The former Dominican monastery in Prenzlau is now the cultural center and museum of the city ​​of Prenzlau in the north of the Uckermark . The three-aisled brick hall church, the enclosure and a farm building are still preserved . The complex houses the more than 110 year old cultural history museum, the historical city archive, the city library and the event center “Kulturarche”. The Dominican monastery in Prenzlau is a member of the European Route of Brick Gothic and the German-Polish monastery network .

Location and surroundings

Prenzlau is located in the catchment area of ​​the two largest lakes in the Uckermark, the Unteruckersee right next to the city and the Oberuckersee south of it. In the southwest the city borders on the Uckermärkische Seen nature park , the third largest of Brandenburg's eleven nature parks . The monastery complex is located on the southwestern edge of the old town, directly at the stone gate, in a slightly elevated position above the Uckersee .

history

When Margrave Johann I received the Uckermark from Pomerania in 1250 , the area needed new structures to consolidate the Brandenburg rule. The margrave gave the Dominicans a foundation permit so that they could support the consolidation. In 1275 the first monks came to the city. Margrave Johann II is considered to be the founder and benefactor of the monastery .

The convent was already one of the richest Dominican monasteries in the march in 1308 , but in 1519 the monastery suffered fire damage, which probably influenced its economic situation. It is not known whether the community was able to work its way out of economic hardship by the secularization that followed in 1545 .

The monastery has been used as a museum since 1930. In 1945, parts of the museum's collection were relocated and only returned to their original location in 1987. After the war, museum work in the monastery was resumed in 1957. The church has served the Nikolaigemeinde since 1577.

architecture

Buildings on the monastery grounds

The three-aisled brick hall church and the cloister area together with an extension, the former library (today the seat of the superintendent of the Uckermark) and a farm building formed the core of the monastery. The monastery was built in four phases from 1275 to around 1500. The church was consecrated to the Holy Cross in 1343. The church has been used by the Nikolaikirchgemeinde since 1577, which is why it is now called the Nikolaikirche.

The construction of the Gothic monastery church is characterized by slim two- and three-part tracery windows based on the model of the Chorin monastery church . In the second yoke from the west, on the north side, there is a profiled robe portal with eyelashes .

The nave of the church is closed off by cross vaults supported by octagonal pillars with dividing arches. A sacristy with cross vaults over a round pillar was added on the south side of the choir.

Furnishing

The main piece of equipment in the monastery church is a wooden altarpiece from 1609, which was restored in 1873 and cleaned in 1995. It shows the crucifixion in a clover-arched niche, which is flanked on the side by reliefs of the birth and baptism of Christ with columns. Carved figures of Peter and Paul are arranged above it. The evangelists John and Matthew are depicted above the niche. The substructure shows the Last Supper as a relief with figures of the evangelists Luke and Mark. The resurrection and the ascension are shown in the upper end.

A cup-shaped bronze fifth from St. Mary's Church dates from around 1400. The foot stands on three stylized animals, the cup is carried by three male figures standing on the lower edge of the foot. On the kuppa, under arched arcades, depictions of Deesis and the twelve apostles can be found in bas-relief.

A votive painting from 1776 shows the crucifixion in front of the silhouette of Prenzlaus. Several tombs and epitaphs from the 17th to 19th centuries should still be mentioned.

Monastery building

The monastery buildings are arranged as two-storey brick buildings around a cloister from the second half of the 14th century on the south side of the church. The northern wing of the cloister has not been preserved. The monastery buildings contain two two-aisled halls with cross vaults on octagonal pillars. The former sacristy has been preserved in the older east wing from the first half of the 14th century and the summer refectory in the west wing . Another room on a square floor plan, the so-called women's chapel, is also located in the west wing and shows a star vault over a central pillar.

The monastery is a listed building .

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , pp. 885-887.
  • Stephan Diller, Cäcilia Genschow, Annegret Lindow: Dominican monastery Prenzlau. (= DKV art guide , Volume 499.) Munich 2009.
  • Lieselott Enders : The Uckermark. History of a Kurmark landscape from the 12th to the 18th century. (= Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives , Volume 28.) Berlin 2008.
  • Katja Hillebrand: Prenzlau. Dominican. Construction of the monastery complex. In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich and others (eds.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. Volume 2, Berlin 2007, pp. 981-983.
  • Meinolf Lohtum: Dominicans. In: Peter Dinzelbacher , James Lester Hogg (Ed.): Cultural history of the Christian orders in individual representations (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 450). Kröner, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-520-45001-1 , pp. 117-142.
  • Cord Meckseper : Heat sources. In: Deutsche Burgenvereinigung e. V. (Ed.): Castles in Central Europe. A manual. Volume 1: Designs and Development. Stuttgart 1999, pp. 295-299.
  • Franz Metzger, Karin Feuerstein-Prasser: The history of the religious life. From the beginnings till now. Freiburg et al. 2006.
  • Falko Neininger: Prenzlau. Dominican. In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann, Winfried Schich and others (eds.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. Volume 2, Berlin 2007, pp. 978-981.
  • Winfried Schich: Prenzlau from becoming a city to the end of the Ascan rule. From the second half of the 12th century to 1320. In: Klaus Neitmann, Winfried Schich (Hrsg.): History of the city of Prenzlau. Horb am Neckar 2009, pp. 27-62.
  • Matthias Schulz: The development of Prenzlaus from the 10th century to 1727. (= materials for archeology in Brandenburg , volume 3.) Rahden (Westphalia) 2010.
  • Joachim Zeune: Castles. Symbols of power. A new image of the medieval castle. Regensburg 1996.
  • Gerd Zimmermann: Religious life and standard of living. The Cura Corporis in the order regulations of the occidental High Middle Ages. (Unchanged reprint for his 75th birthday, edited by Ulrich Knefelkamp) Berlin 1999.

Web links

Commons : St. Nicolaikirche (Prenzlau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on klosterland.de. Retrieved January 3, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Website of the Evangelical Church District Uckermark. Retrieved January 3, 2018 .
  3. ↑ List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg: District Uckermark (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

Coordinates: 53 ° 18 ′ 35.9 ″  N , 13 ° 51 ′ 39.4 ″  E