Dora stick

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Dorothea Stock. Oil painting by Anton Graff .
Memorial plaque on the house at Brüderstraße 13 in Berlin-Mitte
Dora Stock - self-portrait , around 1795

Johanna Dorothea Stock (born March 6, 1759 in Nuremberg , † May 30, 1832 in Berlin ) was a German painter , draftsman and copyist .

Life

Since 1764 she lived with her family in Leipzig , where her father, the engraver Johann Michael Stock (1737–1773), worked for the Breitkopf publishing house, but also taught. For example, he taught copper engraving and woodcut to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe during his study stay in Leipzig. Goethe recorded this episode of his life in "Poetry and Truth".

Dora received her first training, as she was called by relatives and friends, probably from her father, Adam Friedrich Oeser and Anton Graff are named as further teachers . She devoted herself almost exclusively to portrait painting and worked mainly with pastel and oil colors. Around 1810 she was considered the best pastel painter in Dresden . After the failed engagement to the writer Ludwig Ferdinand Huber (1764-1804) Dora Stock renounced the marriage and her own household and joined the family of her sister Anna Maria Wilhelmine Jacobine, called Minna , who had been with the philosophically educated lawyer since 1785 Christian Gottfried Körner (1756–1831) was married. From August 1785 she lived with the couple in Dresden. She promoted the first artistic development of her niece Emma Körner (1788-1815) and her nephew Theodor Körner (1791-1813), who fought passionately in the Lützow Freikorps against the Napoleonic rule, wrote poetry and on August 26, 1813 at Gadebusch in the fight against the French fell. For this reason Dora Stock and the Körners were cut socially and politically. Her niece died in 1815 out of grief over the death of her brother. The Körners had thus become childless. In 1815 Dora Stock moved to Berlin with Christian Gottfried Körner, who had left Saxony for political reasons , and her sister Minna. She left the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. In his will, thirteen valuable copies of masterpieces from the Dresden gallery, the proceeds of which went to the free table for an underprivileged student.

Together with Minna, Christian Gottfried Körner and Ludwig Ferdinand Huber, at the end of May 1784 she sent a friendship program to Friedrich Schiller, whom they greatly admired, who suffered under extremely unsatisfactory circumstances in Mannheim . In addition to a letter, she had contributed the four portrait drawings of the senders. The contact with the poet followed the invitation to Leipzig. On April 17, 1785, Friedrich Schiller arrived in Leipzig. At first he lived in Leipzig, from the beginning of May in Gohlis and since September 11th in Dresden and in the Schillerhäuschen in Loschwitz, thanks to Körner's support, a time relatively unencumbered by financial worries. He dedicated his poem To Joy to the friendship bond with the two couples . He had completed the play Don Karlos when he went to Weimar on July 20, 1787. The fame of the Dresden literary salon der Körners is also due to the artistic, intellectual and social skills of Dora Stock.

Her contemporaries praise her talent for music, and above all for acting, in addition to her skills in the field of fine arts. Dora Stock conducted a lively, largely preserved correspondence with many addressees, including Charlotte Schiller , in which she describes interesting details about her work in the Dresden Gemäldegalerie. Her remarks on the romantic meeting of 1798 in the Dresden gallery, which she witnessed as an eyewitness, are often cited as an important letter in terms of literary history. The same applies to her comments on the works of the young Heinrich von Kleist , who frequented the Körner Salon around 1808.

Stock died in Berlin in 1832. She was buried under the grain oak in Wöbbelin . In Dresden, Dora-Stock-Strasse is a reminder of her.

Works

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , portrait by Stock

The best known are her silver pen profile portraits of Friedrich Schiller from 1787 and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart from 1789. The models of the vast majority of the portraits are her family members and friends, including that of Dorothea Birons , the Duchess of Courland, whose long-time friend and valued travel companion she was. Charlotte von Stein, a friend of Goethe's, was also portrayed.

For a silver pen portrait of Julie von Charpentier , the bride of Friedrich von Hardenberg ( Novalis ), she was honored by the poet with his poem An Dora , which was published in the first issue of the journal Phöbus published by Heinrich von Kleist and Adam Heinrich Müller . The best known of their copies based on works by other masters are the pastel portraits of Friedrich Schiller and Christian Gottfried Körner , whose originals Anton Graff created.

Locations of their plants

Some of the paintings, copies, drawings and the written legacy - albeit in unknown quantities - fell victim to the Second World War , in the course of which the Körner Museum of the Dresden City Collections was destroyed. The artistic and written legacies of Dora Stock that survived the war were preserved in Dresden and are now in the Kügelgenhaus - Museum of Dresden Romanticism and in the city ​​archive .

Other paintings and drawings, whose attribution is not always certain and which are partly in permanent exhibitions, partly in the depot, are owned by the following institutions:

And of course some of the portraits are also in private hands.

literature

  • Franz Schnorr von Carolsfeld:  Stick, Dorothea . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 279 f.
  • Franz Götting: Dora Stock, a German painter around 1800 . Goethe calendar to the year 1938. Frankfurt Goethe Museum, Leipzig 1937.
  • Linda Siegel: The Portraits of Dora Stock in Dresden . In: Pantheon - International Art Journal . XLI. Born in 1983.
  • Linda Siegel: Dora Stock, Portrait Painter of the Körner Circle in Dresden (1785–1815) . In: Studies in German Thought and History . Volume 12. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston / Queenston / Lampeter 1993.
  • Karl-Ludwig Hoch: "... an excellent painter" . In: Katrin Nitzschke (Ed.): The great Dresdeners. 26 approximations . Insel, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1999.

Web links

Commons : Dora Stock  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Floor, Dora
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stock, Johanna Dorothea (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter, draftsman and copyist
DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1759
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1832
Place of death Berlin