Dragon trees

Dragon trees
	Canarian Dragon Tree ( Dracaena draco ) ; in Icod de los Vinos , Tenerife
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily :	Nolinoideae
Genre :	Dragon trees
Scientific name
	Dracaena
	Vand. ex L.

The dragon trees ( Dracaena , of Greek δράκαινα , the female dragon, Syn. : Pleomele . Salisb , Terminalis . Medik ) form a plant kind from the family of asparagus plants (Asparagaceae). The best known species is the Canarian dragon tree ( Dracaena draco ).

description

Dragon trees are not real trees because they have an atypical growth in thickness ; they are tree-shaped life forms that have a self-supporting woody trunk. The stems can be branched or unbranched. Due to the special fiber connection with atypical growth in thickness, the side branches can only branch off at a small angle to the main trunk (typically <35 °). The parallel- veined leaves are usually sword-shaped, linear to lanceolate, but in some species the leaf blade can also be elliptical. Only a few species have a short petiole, such as Dracaena elliptica .

Canarian dragon tree ( Dracaena draco ), fruits

The terminal, spiked inflorescence is usually branched. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold, fragrant and bloom at night. The six uniform and mostly whitish colored bracts ( tepals ) are cylindrical, bell-shaped or fused tubular. The flower tube is short. There are six stamens . The three pistils have become a top permanent ovary grown. Orange to purple colored berries with one to three seeds are formed.

Systematics and distribution

In the genus of the dragon trees ( Dracaena ) about 50 to 150 species are distinguished (the number varies greatly according to different authors, by more than 60 species, but only if the species of the genus Sansevieria are also included). The genus has a very wide natural distribution in the tropics and subtropics . Most of the species have their home in the tropics of the Old World ( Palaeotropis ), i.e. Asia and Africa. There are two species on the Canary Islands ( Dracaena draco on Gran Canaria , La Palma and Tenerife and the extremely rare Dracaena tamaranae on Gran Canaria) and one species each in southwest Morocco ( Dracaena draco subsp. Ajgal ), in Central America ( Dracaena americana ) and in Cuba ( Dracaena cubensis ).

Dracaena aletriformis

Dracaena aurea in Hawaii on Kaua'i

Dracaena cinnabari on Socotra

Canarian Dragon Tree ( Dracaena draco ) in Icod de los Vinos on Tenerife

Dracaena fragrans in Hawaii on Maui

Illustration of Dracaena goldieana

Dracaena halaapepe

Dracaena kaweesakii

Dracaena mannii

Dracaena ombet in Ethiopia

Dracaena reflexa with fruits, on Réunion

Dracaena reflexa 'Song of India'

Dracaena rockii in Hawaii on Maui, Auwahi

In 2018, the species of the genus Sansevieria were added to Dracena by Byng and Christenhusz . So far, this subheading includes the following species:

Dracaena acaulis Baker
Dracaena acutissima Hua
Dracaena adamii Hepper
Dracaena afromontana Mildbr.
Dracaena aletriformis (Haw.) Bos , home: South Africa.
Dracaena americana Donn.Sm , home: Central America.
Dracaena angustifolia (medic.) Roxb.
Dracaena arborea (Willd.) Link , homeland: West and Central Africa, Angola.
Dracaena arborescens (Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh. : Kenya and Tanzania
Dracaena aubryana Brongn. ex E. Morren , home: West Africa.
Dracaena aurea H. Mann , home: Hawaii.
Dracaena bequaertii De Wild.
Dracaena bicolor hook.
Dracaena borneensis (Merr.) Jankalski
Dracaena brachyphylla short
Dracaena brachystachys Hook.f.
Dracaena braunii Engl. , Home: Cameroon.
Dracaena breviflora Ridl.
Dracaena bueana Engl.
Dracaena buettneri Engl.
Dracaena calocephala Bos
Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep.
Dracaena camerooniana Baker
Dracaena cantleyi Baker
Dracaena cerasifera Hua
Dracaena chiniana I.M.Turner
Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. , Homeland: Socotra.
Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) SCChen
Dracaena concinna Kunth , home: Mauritius.
Dracaena conferta Ridl.
Dracaena congoensis Hua
Dracaena cristula W.Bull
Dracaena cubensis Vict. , Home: Cuba.
Dracaena curtisii Ridl.
Dracaena cuspidata Ridl.
Dracaena cuspidibracteata Engl.
Dracaena densifolia Baker
Canarian dragon tree ( Dracaena draco (L.) L. ). With the subspecies:
- Dracaena draco subsp. ajgal Benabid & Cuzin , homeland: Morocco (Anti-Atlas).
- Dracaena draco subsp. draco , home: Canaries, Cape Verde
Dracaena ellenbeckiana Engl.
Dracaena elliptica Thunb. & Dalm. , Home: India, Sumatra, Java.
Dracaena fernaldii (H.St.John) Jankalski
Dracaena finlaysonii Baker
Dracaena floribunda Baker
Dracaena fontanesiana Schult. & School f.
Dracaena forbesii (O.Deg.) Jankalski
Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. , Homeland: tropical Africa.
Dracaena gabonica Hua
Dracaena glomerata Baker
Dracaena goldieana W. Bull ex Mast. & Moore , home: Nigeria, Central Africa.
Dracaena granulata Hook.f.
Dracaena griffithii rule
Dracaena halaapepe (H.St.John) Jankalski
Dracaena halemanuensis Jankalski
Dracaena hewittii Ridl.
Dracaena hokouensis G.Z.Ye
Dracaena hosei (Ridl.) Jankalski
Dracaena impressivenia Yu H.Yan & HJGuo
Dracaena jayniana Wilkin & Suksathan : It occurs in Thailand. It was first described in 2012.
Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin
Dracaena kirkii Baker
Dracaena konaensis (H.St.John) Jankalski
Dracaena kupensis Mwachala, Cheek, Eb.Fisch. & Muasya
Dracaena lancea Thunb. & Dalm.
Dracaena lancifolia (Ridl.) Jankalski
Dracaena laxissima Engl.
Dracaena le-testui Pellegr.
Dracaena ledermannii Engl. & K.Krause
Dracaena litoralis Mwachala & Eb. Fish. : It was first described in 2013.
Dracaena longifolia Ridl.
Dracaena longipetiolata Mwachala & Eb.Fisch. : It occurs in Gabon . It was first described in 2013.
Dracaena maingayi Hook.f.
Dracaena mannii Baker
Dracaena mokoko Mwachala & Cheek : It occurs in Cameroon. It was first described in 2012.
Dracaena multiflora Warb. ex Sarasin
Dracaena novoguineensis Gibbs
Dracaena nutans Ridl.
Dracaena nyangensis Pellegr.
Dracaena oddonii De Wild.
Dracaena ombet Heuglin ex Kotschy & Peyr. . With the subspecies:
- Dracaena ombet subsp. ombet
- Dracaena ombet subsp. schizantha (Baker) Bos, Sinet , Syn.Dracaena schizantha Baker
Dracaena ovata Ker Gawl.
Dracaena pachyphylla short
Dracaena parviflora Baker
Dracaena penangensis Ridl.
Dracaena pendula Ridl.
Dracaena petiolata Hook.f.
Dracaena phanerophlebia Baker
Dracaena phrynioides Hook. , Home: West Africa, Cameroon.
Dracaena poggei Engl.
Dracaena porteri Baker
Dracaena praetermissa Bos
Dracaena purpurea (Ridl.) Jankalski
Dracaena reflexa Lam. . With the varieties:
- Dracaena reflexa var. Angustifolia Baker , home: Réunion.
- Dracaena reflexa var. Bakeri (Scott-Elliot) H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Brevituba H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Condensata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Lanceolata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Linearifolia Ayres ex Baker
- Dracaena reflexa var. Nervosa H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Occidentalis H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Parvifolia Thouars ex H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Reflexa , home: Mauritius.
- Dracaena reflexa var. Salicifolia (Rule) Baker
- Dracaena reflexa var. Subcapitata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Subelliptica H.Perrier
Dracaena robusta Ridl.
Dracaena rockii (H.St.John) Jankalski (Syn .: Pleomele auwahiensis H.St.John )
Dracaena rosulata Mwachala & Eb. Fish. : It occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described in 2013.
Dracaena rubroaurantiaca De Wild.
Dracaena sarawakensis (WWSm.) Jankalski
Dracaena scabra Bos
Dracaena serrulata Baker
Dracaena siamica Ridl.
Dracaena singapurensis Ridl.
Dracaena soyauxiana Baker
Dracaena spicata Roxb.
Dracaena steudneri Engl.
Dracaena surculosa Lindl. , Home: West Africa. With the varieties:
- Dracaena surculosa var. Maculata Hook.f.
- Dracaena surculosa var. Surculosa
Dracaena talbotii Rendle
Dracaena tamaranae Marrero Rodr. , Home: Gran Canaria.
Dracaena terniflora Roxb.
Dracaena tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Dracaena thwaitesii rule
Dracaena timorensis Kunth
Dracaena transvaalensis Baker
Dracaena umbraculifera Jacq. , Home: Mauritius?
Dracaena umbratica Ridl.
Dracaena vanderystii De Wild.
Dracaena viridiflora Engl. & K.Krause
Dracaena xiphophylla Baker
Dracaena yuccifolia Ridl.

swell

Chen Xinqi, Nicholas J. Turland: Dracaena. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 215 (English). PDF file , online .

Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2: Types and Varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Individual evidence

↑ "Monocotyledon wood " using the example of Dracaena fragrans .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dracaena. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2016.
Jump up ↑ Paul Wilkin, Piyakaset Suksathan, Kaweesak Keeratikiat, Peter van Welzen, Justyna Wiland-Szymanska: A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan (Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae). In: PhytoKeys. Volume 26, 2013, pp. 101-112, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.26.5335 .

Web links

Commons : Dragon Tree Species ( Dracaena ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Dragon tree - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[Botanik-Online-1] "Monocotyledon wood " using the example of Dracaena fragrans .

[WCSP-2] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dracaena. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2016.

[Wilkin+al2013-3] Jump up ↑ Paul Wilkin, Piyakaset Suksathan, Kaweesak Keeratikiat, Peter van Welzen, Justyna Wiland-Szymanska: A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan (Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae). In: PhytoKeys. Volume 26, 2013, pp. 101-112, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.26.5335 .