Thirteen

This article is about the number thirteen . For the year 13 AD, see 13 , for further meanings see thirteen (disambiguation) and 13 (disambiguation) .

Thirteen
13
presentation
Roman	XIII
dual	1101
Octal	15th
Duodecimal	11
Hexadecimal	D.
Morse code	- - - - · · · - -
Chinese	十三
Mathematical properties
sign	positive
parity	odd
Factorization	${\displaystyle 13}$ (Prime number)
Divider	1, 13

Stables in Santa Anita Park : A box with the number 13 is missing

The Thirteen (13) is the natural number between twelve and fourteen . It is odd and a prime number . It is considered both an unlucky number and a lucky number.

mathematics

• Thirteen is the sixth prime, Wilson second prime , a centered square number , and the smallest mirp number . Likewise, thirteen is the fifth exponent of a Mersenne prime number . A number is divisible by 13 if and only if its alternating 3-digit sum is divisible by 13.
• Thirteen is the number between eight and twenty-one in the Fibonacci sequence and the number of Archimedean solids .
• In the duodecimal system , thirteen is the smallest natural number that exceeds the base ( twelve ), similar to eleven in the decimal system .
• There is a finite projective plane with exactly 13 points (and 13 lines).

chemistry

Group 13 in the periodic table of the elements is called the group of earth metals or boron group . The element with atomic number 13, aluminum , also belongs to this group .

religion

• In Exodus chapter 34, 6-7, thirteen attributes of God are listed.

These thirteen attributes of God are given in the Jewish prayer book Siddur as 13 middot .

• The bar mitzvah , the Jewish rite of passage for boys, takes place on their thirteenth birthday.
• In the apocryphal Coptic Gospel of Egypt ( Nag Hammadi Codex III, 2 / as well as NHC IV, 2) it is written about the "God of the 13 aeons" and about the powers of the 13 aeons.
• In the Apocalypse of Adam ( Nag Hammadi , Codex V, 5), 13 kingdoms are successively described in connection with the origin of a Redeemer in a kind of litany.
• The Gnostic and apocryphal script “Marsanes” (Nag Hammadi Codex X, 1) speaks of 13 seals, with the last and 13th seal assigned to the silent, unknown God.
• The Maya in their classical period had thirteen heavens, and in several calendar systems of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerica there were thirteen-day time units, the Trecenas .
• The symbolism of numbers has been condensed in the Christian context through the twelve tribes of Israel , the Book of Twelve Prophets in the Hebrew Bible or the twelve disciples .

Control panel in the elevator of a high-rise building; there is no 13th floor

Arts and Culture

Films, music, literature

• Now strikes 13 is an Austrian mix-up comedy by EW Emo from the film year 1950 .
• Friday the 13th is an American horror film series dating back to 1980 by Sean S. Cunningham
• Thirteen ,2003film directed by Catherine Hardwicke .
• 13 Tzameti , Franco-Georgian film noir by Géla Babluani from 2005.
• 13 , 2010 US remake of 13 Tzameti by the same director.
• "Thirteen", in the series Dr. House name of team member Dr. Remy Hadley .
• The Doctors : Album 13 .
• Black Sabbath : Album 13 .
• The book Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher .
• 13 , Broadway musical by Jason Robert Brown .
• The 13th Warrior , US film directed by John McTiernan from 1999.

Unlucky and conspiracy number

Thirteen is considered an unlucky number in many cultures . The irrational, superstitious fear of the number 13 is called triskaidekaphobia . People with this phobia avoid rooms, floors or the number 13 in general. This widespread phobia or superstition goes so far that the 13th floor is sometimes “missing” in buildings, ie is skipped over; In many passenger aircraft, the 13th row of seats is left out of the numbering. Some hospitals and hotels also do without room number 13, and in many motorsport series they do without starting number 13.

• In western tradition, the thirteenth day of a month is considered a bad day, especially if it falls on a Friday , see Friday the 13th.
• “The thirteenth” is synonymous with the devil . A number of 13 parts is also known as a devil's dozen .
• Laws that emerged in the Middle Ages provided for drastic penalties for non-compliance with minimum sizes and weights, depending on the region. This presumably gave rise to the concept of a dozen bakers , in which bakers packed 13 parts, more rarely 14 parts, for a dozen required parts. If an individual product turns out to be smaller than prescribed or the baker miscounts when packing to the detriment of the customer, the customer would still receive a total of at least 12 parts of the product and the baker could avoid the impending penalty.
• In the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty , the country's 13th wise woman, who is not invited to Sleeping Beauty’s birthday party, casts a curse on the young princess. Here the 13th is the surplus of the usual 12 good fairies.
• In the tarot , 13 is assigned to death ( French La Mort ).
• The number 13 is considered the conspiracy number on the $ 1 bill. The number 13 appears 13 times on the dollar bill, hidden in images and text. However, they symbolize the thirteen founding states .
• The number 13 was the first number drawn in the German lottery "6 out of 49". Since then, however, it has been the rarest number in the Saturday draws. In the Wednesday draws, on the other hand, she appeared often on average.

Linguistic

grammar

• In all Germanic languages ​​(such as German and English) 13 is the smallest number whose name is composed (e.g. English thirteen ).
• Other languages ​​have different options: For example, in Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Swahili and in Hungarian, 11 is already a linguistic composite number, in Spanish and Portuguese, on the other hand, the numbers up to and including 15 ( Spanish quince , Portuguese quinze ), in French even up to and including 16 ( French seize ) own names.
• In Lithuanian, Romanian and the Slavic languages ​​the numbers 11-19 have their own names.
• In Hindi- Urdu , practically all numbers from 0-99 are irregular and must be learned individually.

orthography

• According to an old book printer's rule, thirteen was the first composite number to be written in digits (13). However, the Duden describes this rule as outdated and no longer valid, even if it is still observed from time to time. Today you can also write smaller numbers in digits or write larger numbers out.

• Although thirteen is the first composite number in English, ten or eleven are often written in digits.

Idiom at 13

Because of the 12-hour rhythm, bell clocks only strike a maximum of 12 times, the phrase “Now it's striking 13!” Therefore expresses surprise or indignation .

Web links

Commons : Thirteen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: thirteen  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikiquote: Thirteen  Quotes

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hermann Brandt: Judaism. (PDF; 1.1 MB) Lecture transcript winter semester 2002/2003, Faculty of Education of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , p. 26.
2. ↑ Wernfried Hofmeister, University of Graz, project 'German Word Treasures'
3. ↑ "Thirteen Reasons Why" by Jay Asher . In German: Dead girls don't lie .
4. ↑ Wolfgang Müller, Learn Everything: Train Memory , 2017, p. 10
5. ^ Konradin Medien GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen: Where does thirteen come from | Work descent from thirteen | http://www.wissen.de/wortherkunft/dreizehn. In: www.wissen.de. Retrieved November 27, 2016 . 
6. ^ Gary Martin: Baker's dozen - meaning and origin. In: www.phrases.org.uk. Retrieved November 27, 2016 . 
7. ↑ Bild.de on October 1, 2011
8. ↑ Statistics Saturday draws 6 out of 49 since 1955.
9. ↑ Statistics Wednesday draws 6 out of 49 since 1955.