Eberhard Grisebach

Eberhard Grisebach

Eberhard Grisebach portrayed by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner in 1917

Eberhard Grisebach portrayed by Edvard Munch in 1932

Eberhard Grisebach (born February 27, 1880 in Hanover ; † July 16, 1945 in Zurich ) was a German philosopher who, through his friendship with Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1967), alongside Karl Barth (1886–1968), a founder of the so called ' Dialectical Theology ', and as a co-discoverer and co-founder of the so-called dialogical I-You philosophy stimulated the philosophical and theological discussion of the 1920s and 1930s.

origin

Grisebach is the name of a family of civil servants who originally came from Pomerania and has been in Hanover since 1647. His parents were the Vice President of the Government Rudolf Grisebach (1838-1910) and his wife Marie Karoline Hedwig von Harnier (1857-1883), a daughter of the MP Adolf von Harnier . Eberhard Grisebach was a nephew of the literary scholar Eduard Grisebach (1845-1906) and the architect Hans Grisebach (1848-1904). The art historian August Grisebach (1881–1950) was his cousin, the Berlin architect Helmuth Grisebach (1883–1970) his younger brother. His oldest of five children was the well-known Siegerland painter Lothar Grisebach .

Life

Eberhard Grisebach attended the Princely School in Wernigerode am Harz, where his father Rudolf Grisebach had served as Chamber President of the Prince of Stollberg-Wernigerode since 1890. In 1900 he went to study architecture at the Technical University of Darmstadt . From 1901 to 1903 he studied at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg , but also heard the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin (1864–1945) at the University of Berlin , with whom he had a deep friendship throughout his life.

Because of a tuberculosis disease, he spent the years 1904 to 1909 in Davos, Switzerland . There he married Lotte Spengler, daughter of the pulmonologist Lucius Spengler , in 1909 . During those years of idleness and inactivity, which gave a decisive turning point in his life, he endeavored to reflect on questions of human community. In 1909 he began studying philosophy with Rudolf Eucken at the University of Jena , which he completed in 1910 with a dissertation on Culture as Formation .

In 1913 he obtained the license to teach at a university in Jena through his habilitation thesis on Cultural Philosophical Work of the Present . From 1922 he taught philosophy there as an associate professor. In 1931 he was appointed to the chair of philosophy, education and psychology at the University of Zurich .

He was overtaken by death in Switzerland in 1945 amid his philosophical work.

Think

Eberhard Grisebach's philosophical thinking was initially very strongly influenced and shaped by Rudolf Eucken, who was a researcher at the University of Jena at the time and who later won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rudolf Eucken (1846–1926) was considered to be one of the leading German-speaking philosophers at the beginning of the 20th century, who, in succession and at the same time, in keeping with his own time, tried to remove Kant from a so-called neoidealism based on knowledge and experience . Grisebach's Culture as Formation , 1910, walked entirely on this path given by his philosophical teacher. But already in his habilitation thesis Kulturphilosophische Arbeit der Gegenwart , 1913, he set himself apart from his former philosophical teacher Rudolf Eucken, largely aesthetically determined, by dealing with the thinking of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911), Georg Simmels (1858-1918) and Heinrich Rickerts (1863–1936), one of the reviewers of Martin Heidegger's (1889–1976) habilitation thesis , dealt critically. For Grisebach, however, the concept of life was already guiding knowledge, the definition of which, understood as educational and ethical, was "in the broadest sense the most noble task of philosophy". It can already be seen in this early writing by Grisebach that he intends to transform the epistemological question about reality into an ethical question about the reality of what should be done. A complete distance from the neo-realistic position of his former teacher Rudolf Eucken, which makes the ethical, and thus also the educational, appear unreal and thus no longer acceptable to Grisebach, was achieved in a series of writings, of which above all problems of real education , 1923, and The Limits of the Educator and His Responsibility , 1924. Grisebach's main work, Gegenwart , 1928, is an expression of a rousing thought of “shaking any self-certainty of a supposedly ethical knowledge” (Meyer 1966, 98).

Fonts

• Culture as formation. Publishing house Thomas & Hubert. Weida Thuringia 1910. 68 pages. Philosophical dissertation with Rudolf Eucken, University of Jena, 1910.
• Cultural-philosophical work of the present. A synthetic representation of their particular ways of thinking. Publishing house Thomas & Hubert. Weida Thuringia 1913. 136 pages. Habilitation thesis, Philosophical Faculty of the University of Jena, 1914.
• Truth and realities. Design for a metaphysical system. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1919. X, 384 pages. Review: August Messer. In: German literary newspaper . 1920. Numbers 19-21.
• The school of the mind. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1921. 48 pages. Dedicated to Friedrich Dannenberg and Friedrich Gogarten. Content: 1 foreword. 2 first book. The outline of education. 3 Second book. The structure of the educational institution. 4 Third Book. Education for education.
• Knowledge and belief. Speech to determine the limits of knowledge [,] held at the invitation of the Kantgesellschaft local group Basel. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1923. 48 pages. Content: 1 foreword. 2 Introduction. Development of the problem. 3 The object of knowledge and the inapplicability of identity. 4 The temptations of the knower. 5 The ethical turn and the question of the real law. 6 Georg Simmel's attempted solution. 7 The principle of real contradiction as a principle of ethics. 8 Application of this theorem to thinking. 9 Application of the contradiction to the principles. 10. The resulting concrete value. The Community. 11 The consequences of the emanence of the real reason for knowledge. 12 Faith. 13 conclusion. The results of methodological reflection. Explanation: Grisebach gave his speech, which he had printed in 1923, on October 27, 1922. The content presented here is intended to follow on from his publication Die Schule des Geistes, Halle Saale 1921, which is dedicated to Friedrich Dannenberg and Friedrich Gogarten. Grisebach refers, with regard to his "discussion with a friend, the theologian Friedrich Gogarten, which concerned the distinction between philosophy and theology" (3), to Gogarten's publications Von Glaube und Revelation, Jena 1922, and The decision, which as an essay 1923 in the magazine Between the Times published by Georg Merz.
• Problems of real education. A compilation of smaller works recently. Verlag Chr. [Istian] Kaiser. Munich 1923. 108 pages. Contents: 1 politics and worldview. 2 The problem of real law. 3 Education and Science. 4 popular education. 5 From this world and beyond.
• The Educator's Limits and Responsibilities. 1924.
• Present. 1928
• Brunner's Defense of Theology. In: Between the times. Volume 7. Munich 1929. pp. 90-106.
• Freedom and discipline. 1936.
• The fate of the West. Three lectures. 1942. Content: 1 What is truth in reality? 1939. 2 Jeremias Gotthelf's instruction on real life. 1940. 3 The modern in art. 1941.
• Jacob Burckhardt as a thinker. 1943.
• Expressionist painter in correspondence with Eberhard Grisebach. Edited and with an afterword by Lothar Grisebach . Christian Wegner publishing house. Hamburg 1962. 174 pages.
• Philosophy and theology in real dialectics. Correspondence between E. [Berhard] Grisebach [and] Fr. [iedrich] Gogarten 1921 / [19] 22. Edited by Michael Freyer. G. Schindele publishing house. Rheinstetten 1979. 2, 158 pages.
• "I am too modern for the peaceful citizens". From Eberhard Grisebach's correspondence with his painter friends. Published by the Kirchner Museum Davos. Compiled by Lothar Grisebach. Revised and newly commented by Lucius Grisebach. Scheidegger & Spiess Publishing House, Zurich 2010.
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. With an afterword by Lucius Grisebach. Piet Meyer Verlag, Bern and Vienna 2014

literature

• Friedrich Ueberwegs Outline of the History of Philosophy. Part 4: Traugott Konstantin Austria: The German philosophy of the nineteenth century and the present. 12th edition with a register of philosophers. Completely reworked by Traugott Konstantin Oesterreich. Verlag E. [rnst] S. [iegfried] Mittler & Sohn. Berlin 1923. 2, XIV, 736 pages. Contents: p. 564: Eberhard Grisebach. Explanation: p. 700: incorrect entry, confusing the philosopher Eberhard Grisebach, 1880 - 1945, with the literary scholar, researcher and editor of the works of Arthur Schopenhauer Eduard Grisebach, 1845 - 1906; Hans Henning: Eduard Grisebach in his life and work. On his 60th birthday on October 9th, 1905. Verlag Hoffmann. Berlin 1905. 72 pages.
• Emil Brunner : Grisebach's attack on theology. In: Between the times. Volume 6. Munich 1928. pp. 219-232.
• John Cullberg: The you and the reality. On the ontological background of the community category. As: Uppsala universitets årsskrift. Lundequist Publishing House. Uppsala (Sweden) 1933. XII, 250 pages.
• Heinz Erich Eisenhut: The conception of people in Grisebach's critical ethics. In: Journal for Theology and Church. New episode. Volume 14. Tübingen 1933. pp. 148-165.
• Guido Schmidt: The exit of neo-Protestant theology from the critical philosophy of Eberhard Grisebach. Bern (Switzerland) 1953.
• Martin Buber : On the history of the dialogic principle. 1954.
• Rudolf Meyer:  Grisebach, Eberhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 98 ( digitized version ).
• Peter Lange: Concrete Theology? Karl Barth and Friedrich Gogarten “Between the Times” (1922 - 1933). A systematic study of the history of theology with a view to the practice of theological behavior. Als: Basel studies on historical and systematic theology. Volume 19. Theological publishing house Zurich. Zurich (Switzerland) 1972. 456 pages. P. 93 - 147: Friedrich Gogarten's attempt to think God and man concretely [,] (presented on the basis of his lectures "Of Faith and Revelation" on the background of his discussion with Eberhard Grisebach).
• Michael Weinrich : The discovery of reality in personalistic thinking. Studies on the concepts of Martin Buber, Eberhard Grisebach, Friedrich Gogarten, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Emanuel Hirsch. Theological doctoral dissertation of the Theological Faculty of the University of Göttingen with Hans-Joachim Kraus and Hans-Walter Schütte 1978. o. V. Göttingen 1978. 8, 404 pages.
• Michael Freyer: The dialogue between Friedrich Gogarten and Eberhard Grisebach. In: New journal for systematic theology and philosophy of religion. Volume 22. Berlin 1980. pp. 108-116.
• Dietmar Danebrock: existence in contradiction. The problem of the reason and the justification in the critical philosophy and pedagogy of Eberhard Grisebach. Wuppertal, Ratingen, Düsseldorf 1969.
• Christian Danz : Eberhard Grisebach and Friedrich Gogarten. Notes on a study group. In: Tabula Rasa. Jenenser magazine for critical thinking. Issue 9. Jena (October) 1995. o. S. Only appears computationally.
• Hermann Herrigel: The relationship between the two worlds. In: The Creature. 3rd year, 1929-1930. Edited by Martin Buber, Viktor von Weizsäcker a. Joseph Wittig. Pp. 38-52.
• Klaus-Michael Kodalle : Shocking strangeness. Post-metaphysical ethics in the Weimar period of transition. As: Passages Philosophy. o. B. Passagen-Verlag. Vienna (Austria) 1996. 180 pages. Review: Udo Kern. In: Theology and Philosophy. Volume 73. Freiburg Breisgau 1998. pp. 110-113.
• Matthias Kroeger: Friedrich Gogarten. Volume 1: Life and work from a contemporary perspective - with numerous documents and materials. Verlag W. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart 1997. 424 pages. Pp. 198 - 202: Beginnings of the relationship with Grisebach. Pp. 254 - 262: The dialogue with Grisebach.
• Fear of the modern. Philosophical answers to crisis experiences. The microcosm of Jena 1900 - 1940. Edited by Klaus-Michael Kodalle. As: Critical Yearbook of Philosophy. Volume 5. Publishing house Königshausen & Neumann. Würzburg 2000. 228 pages.
• Katharina Schmidt: On the relationship between responsibility and criticism in education. Attempt at a new survey following Emmanuel Levinas. Phenomenological Investigations, Vol. 26. Ed. Bernhard Waldenfels. Wilhelm Fink Publishing House. Munich 2008. The author devotes herself in detail to the "critical" philosophy and pedagogy of Eberhard Grisebach, cf. Pp. 199-275.
• Steven G. Smith: Idealism and Exteriority. The Case of Eberhard Grisebach. In: Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology. 20th vol., 1989. pp. 136-149.
• Michael Theunissen : The other. Studies on contemporary social ontology. Second edition increased by a preface. Walter de Gruyter Publishing House. Berlin, New York 1977.
• Helmuth Vetter: Heidegger in the context of dialogic philosophy - with a view to Eberhard Grisebach. In: Culture - Art - Public. Philosophical Perspectives on Practical Problems. Festschrift for Otto Pöggeler on his 70th birthday. Edited by Annemarie Gethmann-Siefert and Elisabet Weisser-Lohmann. Publisher Wilhelm Fink. Munich 2001. 292 pages. 289 pages. Pp. 157 - 171. Content: 1 Definition of the topic. 157-158. 2 Heidegger on the I-You relationship. 158-160. 3 Löwith's habilitation thesis. 160-164. 4 Eberhard Grisebach. 164-169. 5 Outlook. 169-171.
• Christian Tilitzki : The German university philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich. Part 1. Academy [-] publishing house. Berlin 2002. 2, 770 pages. Not very productive, the author states externals: p. 60 f.

Web links

Commons : Eberhard Grisebach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on Eberhard Grisebach in Kalliope
• Literature by and about Eberhard Grisebach in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Eberhard Grisebach  in the German Digital Library
• Alexandra Bloch: Grisebach, Eberhard. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .