Elliniki Radiofonia Tileorasi

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Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi AE ( ERT AE ; Greek Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία Τηλεόραση 'Greek radio and television' ) is the public broadcaster of Greece (until 2011: state) . After the Greek government decided on June 11, 2013 to close the ERT immediately and to discontinue all programs, broadcasting operations were resumed exactly two years later to the day under the successor government .

history

The history of the Greek state radio began in 1938 with the Athens radio station RSA ( Ραδιοφωνικός Σταθμός Αθηνών, ΡΣΑ ), which was initially set up by the broadcasting service YRE ( Υπηρεσία Ραδιοφωνικής κιοφωνικής ( German broadcasting company) - 1941 , 19 Ανώνυμη Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνική Εταιρεία , ΑΕΡΕ, 1941-1945) was operated. In 1945 the National Radio Foundation EIR was established ( Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ραδιοφωνίας, ΕΙΡ ). The first experimental television broadcasts followed in Athens in 1965, and on February 23, 1966, official broadcasting began from the OTE television tower in Thessaloniki .

The company, now called EIRT, got a regime-compliant competition in 1970 during the junta , with the name YENED ( Υπηρεσία Ενημερώσεως Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων, ΥΕΝΕΔ ), which was subordinate to a PR department of the armed forces. In 1974 after the end of the junta, YENED became ERT2. Dimitris Horn became provisional director of the new broadcaster with two stations. On September 1, 1987, ERT3 went on air as a regional broadcaster based in Thessaloniki. He mainly reported on northern Greece, but could be received throughout the country.

In the 1990s, the radio and television programs were separated more so that the R for Radiofonia was dropped in the designations for the television programs .

In 2011 the Greek government decided to convert the state broadcaster into a public broadcaster. A comprehensive refurbishment of the station failed primarily due to the resistance of the employees.

Until 2013, ERT AE maintained four television programs (ET1 and ET3 and via satellite NET and ERT World) as well as four digital television programs (Prisma +, Cine +, Spor + and Info +) and 29 radio stations with national and regional coverage (NET, Deftero, Trito, ERA Spor, Cosmos, Makedonia, Radio Filia and so on). With the exception of the regional radio stations and the northern Greek ET3 from Thessaloniki, all stations broadcast from the ERT headquarters in Agia Paraskevi northeast of Athens. The programs were financed mainly from license fees and advertising income as well as government grants. The annual budget in 2013 was around EUR 205 million. ERT also maintained an internet portal, a magazine, a digital archive and two orchestras. ERT's market share fell continuously, none of the radio stations achieved an audience rating of over 1.5% and even the main news program only achieved a market share of 6%.

As a result of years of government clientele policy, ERT had 5,300 employees in 2006, some of whom received exorbitant salaries. In June 2013, ERT still had 2,656 employees. The number of employees was seven times higher than that of comparable private broadcasters. The annual costs recently amounted to 300 million euros. The government accused the ERT of lack of transparency and waste and saw only the possibility of a radical step.

closure

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Following the decision of the EU Council of Ministers of 8 November 2011 to end Greece's excessive deficit, it was decided to take immediate action and initiate the closure, merger or significant downsizing of facilities through ministerial decisions. This concerns […] ERT and 35 other smaller institutions ”.

On June 11, 2013, Prime Minister Andonis Samaras decided , without the consent of his coalition partners PASOK and DIMAR , to close the ERT and announced the immediate shutdown of all channels. The ERT employees oppose this measure and forwarded all ERT programs. On June 11, 2013 at around 9:00 p.m. UTC, the transmission systems were switched off under police protection by order of the government. The broadcast offer from ERT could only be received via the Internet and satellite. Other media, such as the Cypriot public broadcaster Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC), whose servers were overloaded after a short time due to the high demand, made the stream available out of solidarity with the ERT employees. The directors-general of the main European public service broadcasters condemned the Greek government's action as “undemocratic and unprofessional” because it “undermines the existence of the public service media in Greece”. The signatories included the director of Bayerischer Rundfunk for ARD and the general directors of ZDF , SRG SSR , RTS and ORF .

The closure was seen in connection with the fulfillment of agreements with international donors ( European Union , European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund ), according to which the dismissal of 4,000 civil servants was planned by the end of 2013 (see also Greek financial crisis ). Three state, nationally broadcast television programs, seven nationally broadcast radio programs and 19 regional radio stations were closed. Instead of ERT, a new public service broadcaster with a significantly reduced number of employees (approx. 1,200) was to be set up at the end of August 2013. The preliminary name was NERIT ( Nea Elliniki Radiofonia Internet Tileorasi ), the start of broadcasting was scheduled for autumn. The collection of broadcasting fees (around 50 euros per year) was suspended until the new establishment. The closure met with fierce opposition not only from ERT employees and the political opposition. The smaller coalition partners PASOK and DIMAR also spoke out against it, so that the continued existence of the Samara coalition government appeared to be endangered. The Greek journalists' associations called a strike.

In protest, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), an association of several broadcasters in Europe, of which ERT is a member, switched on the satellite signal and the live stream with the news program ERT, which is still being produced in the ERT studios by the protesting employees, on June 13, 2013 NET again after the signals had already been switched off by the ERT on June 11, 2013 at around 11:40 p.m. CEST. The previous satellite program slots of ERT World broadcast on several satellites (including the Eutelsat Hot Bird 13A satellite for Europe); the live stream is offered on the EBU website . On the same day, the EBU started an online petition that already found over 7,500 supporters on the first day.

ERT's radio programs were broadcast on VHF in some areas of Greece and on several short and medium wave frequencies around the world . From November 7, 2013, the sound of the TV program ET3 on the earlier shortwave frequencies of the 'Voice of Greece' ( I foní tis Elládas , English The Voice of Greece ) from Thessaloniki was taken over.

On June 17, 2013, the State Council , the highest Greek administrative court, ordered in an interim injunction that ERT should temporarily resume broadcasting until a new public broadcaster is set up. However, the decision did not call into question the effectiveness of the dissolution of ERT AE.

On July 10, 2013, the test image of a new state television with the name EDT ( ΕΔΤ Ελληνική Δημόσια Τηλεόραση Ellinikí Dimósia Tileórasi , German , Greek public television ' ) appeared on the previous ERT television frequencies . In the transition period until the start of the new public broadcasting corporation planned under the name NERIT, it was supposed to broadcast and show films, telenovelas and documentaries from the ERT archive. The new program should come from the studio of a private company in Athens, the news initially only come from international press agencies. Only temporary contracts were planned for the new employees. The exact start of the broadcast was still unclear. The E in the name fell away relatively quickly, so that the station is officially called DT. It was also freely available in Germany via Eutelsat 3D at 3.1 ° East (12.715 MHz, horizontal, 18.907 kSymbols / s, NBC-QPSK / DVB-S2 , code rate 2/3) with little effort. The broadcast took place in MPEG-4 and was interesting because of frequent sports broadcasts (e.g. UEFA Champions League ). On May 4, 2014, NERIT went on air and replaced DT.

occupation

Demonstration in front of the ERT building in Agia Paraskevi (November 7, 2013)

The central building of ERT in the Athens suburb of Agia Paraskevi was kept uninterrupted by the former staff of the broadcaster after the official dissolution. From there, an information program was broadcast on the Internet. The occupation ended with the police evacuation in the early morning of November 7, 2013. Journalists' associations from all over the world protested against this. The German Association of Journalists spoke of an "attack on freedom of the press". DJV federal chairman Michael Konken called the action against the station and its journalists "scandalous", here a critical voice is switched off under a pretext.

reopening

On April 29, 2015, the Greek Parliament passed a law to reopen ERT with the votes of the governing coalition and PASOK . This should now merge with NERIT . The annual budget of the station was set at 60 million euros and should be raised through a broadcast fee of three euros per month. It resumed broadcasting on June 11, 2015. The new Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras thus implemented one of his campaign promises.

Program offer

The company operates several radio and television programs in Greece. In addition, it also acts as a foreign broadcaster : The Voice of Greece program ( Η Φωνή της Ελλάδας ) includes Greek-language broadcasts, Monday to Friday, for one hour in foreign languages. In addition to internet broadcasting, wide-ranging terrestrial frequencies (three on short wave and one on medium wave) enable reception in Europe, Africa and America.

Trivia

On the morning of June 12, 2013, the homepage of the ERT web portal reported that on June 11, 26 years ago, the Greek edition of Sesame Street (open sesame) was "closed". The report was the first item under news and was removed at lunchtime. Since then, the direct link only leads to the text contribution without video.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ΦΕΚ Β 1414/11. June 2013
  2. ↑ a b c d austerity course. Greece turns off state broadcasting. In: Spiegel Online . June 11, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  3. ↑ a b c Protests from all camps. Greece switched off state broadcasting overnight. In: DWDL . June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Ferry Batzoglou: State radio dispute endangers the Greek government. In: ZEIT Online , June 17, 2013.
  5. ↑ a b c Greece newspaper . of May 29, 2013, p. 1.
  6. ^ Wiener Zeitung Online: Black screens at ERT - the end of the "rip-off"? . In: Europastaaten aktuell - Wiener Zeitung Online .
  7. ↑ Greece switches off the state broadcaster: «Lazy foundations». In: Westfälische Nachrichten. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013
  8. ↑ Drastic austerity measures. Greece quickly closes state broadcasting. In: STERN.de. June 11, 2013, accessed June 12, 2013 .
  9. ↑ State broadcasting is closed. Radio silence in Greece. (No longer available online.) In: tagesschau.de. June 11, 2013, archived from the original on June 15, 2013 ; Retrieved June 12, 2013 .
  10. ↑ 2011/791 / EU: Council Decision of 8 November 2011 amending Decision 2011/734 / EU addressed to Greece in order to extend and intensify budgetary surveillance and to give Greece a notice of default with the proviso that it is necessary to end the excessive deficit to take the measures considered
  11. ↑ ERT journalists defy closing down order to continue broadcasts as coalition faces severe test. In: ekathimerini.com. June 12, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  12. ↑ ΕΡΤ τέλος. Επεσε την Τρίτη στις 23:15 το σήμα σε όλη την Ελλάδα. In: To Vima. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013 (Greek).
  13. ↑ a b c ERT continues on the air after a flick-like closure ( memento of the original from June 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Radioeins Medienmagazin / Radio-News June 13, 2013, accessed on June 13, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.radioeins.de
  14. ↑ Live. Δείτε απευθείας εικόνα από την ΕΡΤ. In: enikos.gr. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2013 (Greek).
  15. ↑ Δείτε την ΕΡΤ Live μέσω του Gegonota.net! In: Gegonota.net. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013 (Greek).
  16. ↑ 50+ Directors General of Public Media demand ERT be restored to air
  17. ↑ Austerity measure. Greece closes state broadcaster ERT. In: Süddeutsche.de. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013 .
  18. ↑ New state broadcaster ERT in Athens is to come at the end of August. (No longer available online.) In: Lichtensteiner Vaterland. June 12, 2013, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 13, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.vaterland.li  
  19. ↑ Coalition partners refuse to back PM's plan to shut down broadcaster ERT. In: ekathimerini.com. June 13, 2013, accessed June 13, 2013 .
  20. ↑ Σενάρια για πρόωρες εκλογές. Λόγω διαφοροποιήσεων του ΠΑΣΟΚ και της ΔΗΜΑΡ. (No longer available online.) In: Kathimerini . June 13, 2013, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 13, 2013 (Greek).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / news.kathimerini.gr  
  21. ^ Athens closes state radio. All Greek journalists are on strike. In: Spiegel Online. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013 .
  22. ↑ EBU puts shelved Greek member ERT back on air From: Europäische Rundfunkunion, dated: June 13, 2013, accessed on June 13, 2013
  23. ↑ EBU petition: Get ERT back on air! From: avaaz.org, on: June 13, 2013, accessed on June 13, 2013
  24. ↑ Zacharias Liangas, in: Glenn Hauser: DX Listening Digest 13-49, December 4 2013 . Retrieved on December 13, 2013: “ After the forceful eviction of the redundant ERT employees from the Radio House in Athens, the shortwave frequencies no longer transmit the normal program of Voice of Greece as there is no such service produced in Athens. This happened on the 7th of November, when you probably noticed the station ID change. Mediumwave and shortwave frequencies have now been set to relay the radio program of “Radio Station of Macedonia” by the redundant employees of ERT3, from Thessaloniki. ”
  25. ↑ Prosfates Apofaseis . In: ste.gr . Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ste.gr
  26. ↑ ekathimerini.com from June 18, 2013 ( memento of the original from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ekathimerini.com
  27. ↑ 'Greek Public Television' begins transmission - News - ekathimerini.com . In: ekathimerini.com .
  28. ↑ Greece newspaper. from July 10, 2013
  29. ↑ Greece clears TV channels, Spain turns regional. In: The Standard . November 7, 2013.
  30. ^ DJV protests against the evacuation of the station ERT . In: pressebox.de .
  31. ↑ Parliament decides to reopen state broadcaster ERT , Spiegel Online of April 29, 2015. Accessed May 30, 2015.
  32. ↑ Greek state broadcaster: ERT is broadcasting again . Spiegel Online, June 11, 2015, accessed on the same day
  33. ↑ Program ΕΡΤ Ραδιοφωνία - Η Φωνή της Ελλάδας In: ert.gr. Retrieved October 5, 2015 (Greek)
  34. ↑ Συχνότητες ραδιοφωνίας Ε.Ρ.Τ. Α.Ε.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: ert.gr. Retrieved October 5, 2015 (Greek)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / webradio.ert.gr  
  35. ↑ Σαν σήμερα, το Σουσάμι… έκλεισε. (No longer available online.) In: ert.gr. June 11, 2013, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 11, 2013 (Greek).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ert.gr  

Coordinates: 38 ° 0 ′ 43 ″  N , 23 ° 49 ′ 30 ″  E