Erhard Church (Salzburg)
The Roman Catholic Erhard Church , actually the parish church of St. Erhard (January 8th, external celebration of the patronage on the 2nd Sunday in July) is a church building in the city of Salzburg . It is located in the inner Nonntal directly below the Nonnberg.
The church is a listed building and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Center of the City of Salzburg .
history
The Gothic Erhard Chapel was first mentioned in 1404. The chapel was connected to the nearest hospital and was initially used primarily as a hospital church. It was already dedicated to St. Erhard , the miraculous patron of the sick and poor. It was first used as the hospital church of the Benedictine women's monastery in Nonnberg , which can be traced back to around 1310 and probably had a chapel from the beginning. In 1603 Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau bought the chapel to replace the chapter hospital in the Kaiviertel, which was then used for other purposes. The chapel had recently proven to be quite dilapidated (and also "out of date").
Construction and exterior view of the church
From 1685 to 1689, today's Erhard Church was built in the Italian Baroque style by the architect Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli on behalf of the cathedral chapter under Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg . It has a dominant drum dome with an attached lantern, which is framed by slimmer side towers with a helmet attachment resembling the dome. In the gable is the coat of arms of the cathedral chapter. The octagonal bell floors of the towers were last changed in 1711. The oldest church bell comes from Benedikt Eisenberger (1686).
entrance
The entrance portal is designed as a portico with a two-winged staircase and thus remotely resembles a stately renaissance castle. The high-altitude, splendidly designed entrance points to the numerous floods in the past, from which the church should be protected.
Erhardibrunnen
The wall fountain in front of the church in the middle of the portico plinth, called Erhardibrunnen, was created in 1688 by Andreas Götzinger . It has a hunched marble bowl and a lion's head as a gargoyle and used to be used mainly for the servants' hospital of the cathedral chapter. It enjoyed great popularity because the water was ascribed healing power and at the same time reminds of Saint Erhard, of whom it is said that he always dug new wells when he founded missions.
Interior of the church
The rich and heavy stucco work with its wreaths and garlands, shells and medallions, volutes and coats of arms, partly executed as an imitation of terracotta , comes from Francesco Brenno, Carlo Antonio Brenno and Ottavio Mosto . The interior of the dome itself is in three equal and broad apses designed that the inscriptions Humilitas (lat. = Humility, for the Borromeo Altar) Vigilantia (lat. = [Moral] vigilance for Erhard Altar) and Zelotes (Greek = zeal for faith, for the Francisco de Xavier altar).
Drum dome
The motif of the two spiers can be found in the shape of a central dome with a lantern above it. In the pendentives under the dome there are high reliefs of Saints Rupert , Virgil , Martin and Vitalis . In the dome itself there are eight medallions with scenes from the life of St. Erhard . Below these medallions the four cardinal virtues (brave, just, wise and measured behavior) are arranged.
The wooden baroque pulpit from 1724 has gold-plated band ornaments and palmettes. The grille is also artistically designed, which, in contrast to high vertical bars with rich ornaments in spiral ornamentation, looks very lively.
Altars
The high altar was designed by Andreas Götzinger . The segment arch gable shows the group of figures of the Holy Trinity . Johann Ernst's coat of arms can be seen on the entablature, which is supported by four Solomonic columns . The altarpiece illustrates the baptism of St. Ottilie through St. Erhard. Johann Michael Rottmayr painted this oil painting in 1692. The tabernacle with richly decorated fittings was created between 1747 and 1749 and bears the coat of arms of the client, Prince Archbishop Jakob Ernst .
The side altars have a similar structure: the left altar panel shows St. Borromeo with plague patients in Milan, the right one to St. Franz Xaver Heiden blessing. The two altar leaves on the side altars are attributed to Franz de Neve . In the gable of the right side altar, the glory of St. Franz Xaver depicted. The side altars were donated by well-known canons. The coats of arms on the high altar and side altars also reflect the ranking according to the dispute between the canon and the prince-archbishop at the time, in which the prince prevailed. In the wall, right next to the Börromäus altar, there is also the heart urn of a cathedral provost.
organ
The organ came from the workshop of Christoph Egedacher (1641-1706), who worked as Hoforgelmacher in Salzburg since 1,673th In 1688 Egedacher received 455 guilders 2 Kreuzer for his work on the newly manufactured instrument , the painter Adam Pürckmann for the blue version of the organ and the gilding of the carvings 140 gulden. A violon (double bass) was also purchased for the organ , supplied by court lute and violin maker Ulrich Rämbhardt . Both instruments could be played for the first time at Ruperti (September 24th) 1688 in St. Erhard.
The original disposition has not been handed down. However, it should have shown the following registers: Copel 8 ′, principal 4 ′, flute 4 ′, fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′, super octave 2 ′, mixture 1 ′. The pedal was probably only attached because an extra double bass was purchased for the instrument. The manual had a range of C – c '' 'with a short major octave (45 keys and notes), the pedal of C – g sharp as well (16 keys, key g sounds g sharp). A clock face was mounted above the organ. The organ in the Maria Kirchental pilgrimage church was built by Johann Christoph Egedacher in 1717 based on the same, preserved design from his father, but had a pedal register: Subbass 16 ′.
In 1848, the Salzburg organ builder Ludwig Mooser (1807–1881) redesigned the organ. He raised the organ by adding a 95 cm high middle section for a play cabinet. As a result, the watch probably had to be removed from above the instrument. In 1888/89, Matthäus Mauracher II (1859–1939) built a new organ into the old case. Mauracher, from the Mauracher family of organ builders , had developed a so-called hanging valve drawer with glass valves in the previous years . To install one, he widened the case and also placed a gaming table in front of it. Probably because of the space required for the gaming table, the gallery was enlarged during this time. Since then, visitors to the church can no longer look into the dome with the church grille locked , the 110 cm protruding ceiling blocks the view.
In 1982 the organ builder Helmut Allgäuer , Lower Austria, was commissioned to build a new organ in the Italian style. In doing so, he should remove the gaming table and the side extensions from Mauracher, but leave the height of the case, which was not the original. The restoration of the frame of the organ case was carried out by the restorers Katharina and Roland Huber, Salzburg, exposing and renewing the original casein paint in ultramarine ( lapis lazuli pigments) and cleaning and supplementing the old poliment gilding. The three ornamental grilles were made by the sculptor Klaus Ficker, Salzburg. The newly manufactured instrument was consecrated on September 29, 1984 and presented to the public as part of a series of concerts. Since then the instrument has the following disposition:
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- Remarks
- B = Basso
- S = soprano
Loop division c ′ / c sharp ′, pitch range: manual, pedal C – d ′. The organ builder Helmut Allgäuer derived the lengths of the pipework from Costanzo Antegnati , and he copied the Tromboncini register behind the ornamental grilles after Gaetano Callido .
The temperament chosen by Peter Widensky for the organ is a well-tempered tuning system : all keys are available; However, they differ mainly in their different major thirds , which cause stronger or weaker harmonic tensions and thus ensure a distinctive key characteristic. In terms of quality, the B-keys are somewhat preferred over the sharp keys, as was common in Austria in the 18th century. This temperament suits Italian and Austrian baroque music, but also Viennese classical music .
literature
- Lieselotte von Eltz-Hoffmann, Oskar Anrather: The churches of Salzburg. Terrestrial metaphors of a supernatural world , Salzburg 1993, ISBN 3-7025-0308-0 .
- Bernd Euler et al .: Dehio Salzburg. Stadt und Land , Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
- Lorenz Hübner : Description of the Prince-Archbishop's capital and residence city of Salzburg and its areas, combined with its oldest history . First volume. Topography. With 2 copper plates. In the publisher of the author ( printed by FX Oberer ), Salzburg 1792.
- Max Kaindl-Hönig: A young man created St. Erhard in Nonntal . Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli was not yet twenty when he built two churches in Salzburg. In: The Italian organ at St. Erhard in Nonntal . Festschrift for the consecration of the organ, Salzburg 1984, no p. [9-14.]
- Gerhard Walterskirchen : From the organ chronicle of our parish church . In: The Italian organ at St. Erhard in Nonntal . Festschrift for the consecration of the organ, Salzburg 1984, no p. [15–20.]
- Roman Schmeißner: The organ of the Erhard Church and its 300 year history . In: 300 Years Church of St. Erhard, 1689–1989 , Salzburg 1989, pp. 56–62.
- Roman Schmeißner: About the rebuilding of the organ . In: The Italian organ at St. Erhard in Nonntal . Festschrift for the consecration of the organ, Salzburg 1984 no p. [21-25.]
- Reinhard Weidl: parish church of St. Erhard (Austria's Christian Art Centers, issue 180). Salzburg 1990
- Peter Widensky : The tuning of the new organ . In: The Italian organ at St. Erhard in Nonntal . Festschrift for the consecration of the organ, Salzburg 1984, no p. [26–27.]
- Egon Krauss : The Italian organ as a type . In: The Italian organ at St. Erhard in Nonntal . Festschrift for the consecration of the organ, Salzburg 1984, no p. [27–29.]
Web links
Notes and evidence
- ↑ The Nonnthal . In: Lorenz Hübner: Description of the prince-archbishop's capital and residence city of Salzburg and its areas combined with its oldest history . First volume. Topography. With 2 copper plates. In the publisher of the author ( printed by FX Oberer ), Salzburg: 1792, pp. 413 and 416.
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '42.7 " N , 13 ° 3' 4.7" E