Ernst August Geitner

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Portrait of Ernst August Geitner (1783-1852)

Ernst August Geitner (born June 12, 1783 in Gera ; † October 24, 1852 in Schneeberg ) was a German chemist , doctor , botanist and inventor .

Live and act

Training and establishment of factories

Geitner, who from 1801 studied medicine in Gera, then chemistry and physics at the University of Leipzig and did his doctorate, opened a doctor's practice in Lößnitz in 1809 and a small chemical factory for the production of green copper colors in 1810 . In 1815 Geitner moved the Geitner factory to Schneeberg. In 1819 he developed a yellow dye for textile dyeing from lead sugar and chromium potassium .

Invention and production of Argentan

In 1823 Geitner succeeded in producing argentan from 20 percent nickel , 55 percent copper and 25 percent zinc , which was similar to the Chinese Pacfong . This was the first time that the nickel, which occurs in large quantities in the Schneeberger bismuth - cobalt -nickel ores, was used. Previously, the nickel food was dumped as a useless by-product of the blue color works . The Henniger brothers in Berlin , who in 1824 succeeded in producing an alloy "nickel silver" similar to Argentan, obtained from Geitner Nickel for their cutlery production.

For the industrial production of the alloy, which is particularly suitable for cutlery and fittings because of its silver sheen and a clear price advantage compared to silver , he bought the former Auerhammer near Aue and built an Argentan factory, which started producing Argentan sheet in 1829. At first there were mainly cans, teaspoons, sugar tongs, riding spurs and coffee spoons. Geitner also supplied the Argentan to the Auer cutlery factories Wellner and Hutschenreuther . Auerhammer Metallwerk GmbH emerged from this factory , as the production facility has been called since 1990.

Geitner's drift gardening

In 1837 Geitner acquired a piece of land from the von Arnim family in Planitz and founded a garden nursery on it . He captured the rising 75–90 ° C hot exhaust gases from the Planitz coal earth fire near Planitz in tubes and used them to heat greenhouses for growing tropical plants. In 1838, the nursery was converted into the joint venture for driving gardening on the Planitz earth fires . 100 shares with a nominal value of 25 talers each were issued. Geitner was director, chamberlain v. Arnim chairman of the stock corporation. The company was not economically successful, the buildings fell into disrepair by 1846 and the association was auctioned off. Geitner's youngest son, Gustav Adolf Geitner , was the only bidder and acquired the nursery. Gustav Geitner was a gardener by trade and had been employed in the company as head gardener since 1844. Under his leadership, the rise of the green horticultural business began to become a company with a European reputation. Alexander von Humboldt carried out scientific research into Geitner's tropical plant breeding. The coal fire provided geothermal energy until at least 1866, when Gustav Geitner died. After his death, the forage nursery fell into disrepair, but continued as a "normal commercial nursery" until 1882, when it was abandoned after damage from the hail.

Publications

  • The West family or conversations between a court master and his pupils about chemistry and technology , Leipzig 1805/06.
  • Chemical-technological Robinson: an entertaining and instructive reading book for young people (Hall 1806; new edition Drei Birken Verlag, Freiburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-936980-26-4 ).
  • Experiments on the blue dyeing of a wanted witness without indigo , Leipzig 1809.
  • Results of the factory preparation of the syrup and sugar from potato flour , Leipzig 1812.
  • Description of the drive gardening on the earth fires near Planitz near Zwickau: in addition to information about the origin, progression and dermal. State of the latter; plus 2 illum. geogr. Maps , Leipzig 1839.

literature

Web links

Wikisource: G. Geitners fortress gardening in Planitz near Zwickau  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ June 13, 1783 according to the section Doctor Ernst August Geitner in: Album der Sächsischen Industrie: G. Geitners Treibegärtnerei zu Planitz near Zwickau , 1856,
    Wikisource: Doctor Ernst August Geitner  - Sources and full texts
    .
  2. ↑ Contribution from the press department of the Aue town hall, May 2002.
  3. ↑ Waldemar May, Otto Stutzer , Eckardt: 75 years of collaborative work by the Saxon hard coal mines . Overview of the geological structure of the Ore Mountains hard coal basin. Ed .: District group Saxony of the Zwickau hard coal mining section. Zwickau June 1936, p. 68-69 .
personal data
SURNAME Geitner, Ernst August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist, doctor, botanist and inventor
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1783
PLACE OF BIRTH Gera
DATE OF DEATH October 24, 1852
Place of death Schneeberg (Ore Mountains)