Etta Federn-Kohlhaas

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Etta Federn-Kohlhaas (born April 28, 1883 in Vienna ; † May 9, 1951 in Paris ) was actually called Marietta Federn and was an Austrian writer, translator and anarcho-syndicalist activist and member of the French Resistance . She also published as Etta Kirmsse or Esperanza and is considered an early and important publicist in the field.

Origin and family

Marietta Federn came from an originally Prague assimilated Jewish family in Vienna, her mother was the women's rights activist Ernestine Federn (née Spitzer) and her father was Dr. Joseph Salomon Federn , a pioneer in measuring blood pressure in internal medicine . Her brothers were Paul Federn , Walther Federn and Karl Federn and Ernst Federn was her nephew.

Her first marriage was to Max Kirmsse , known as a historian of special education / curative education and for his library collection. Her second husband was the illustrator Peter Paul Kohlhaas . She had two sons, Hans and Michael.

Life

Etta Federn attended the secondary school for girls and girls' high school in Vienna, passed the Matura and then studied Greek, literary history and German in Vienna. After a break with her family, she continued her studies in Berlin continued and doctorate to Dr. phil. , with a thesis on Faust . She also worked as a private teacher and translator from French , Yiddish , Danish , Russian and English , even after her marriage in 1916. She worked as a literary critic for the Berliner Tageblatt .

During the 1920s, Federn joined a circle of anarchists that included Rudolf Rocker , Mollie Steimer , Senya Fleshin , Emma Goldman, and Milly Witkop . In doing so, Rocker became a close friend. After the publication of her biography about Walther Rathenau she was attacked by right-wing circles, received death threats and went to Spain with her children in 1932 .

In Barcelona , Federn joined the feminist- anarchist movement Mujeres Libres . After learning Spanish , she taught literature, language and pedagogy in the cultural center of the anarcho-syndicalist women's movement in Barcelona.

In 1938 she went to France because of the increasing bombing of Barcelona as a result of the Spanish Civil War . She tried unsuccessfully to emigrate to the USA , worked as a translator and distributor of illegal documents in the Resistance and lived in a monastery near Lyon from 1940 until the end of the war . Because her eldest son was killed as a Resistance member in a battle in 1944, she received French citizenship.

Fonts (selection)

  • 1915: Between the armies (stories)
  • 1916: Christiane von Goethe . A contribution to Goethe's psychology
  • 1917: The image of woman, seen by man and woman
  • 1920: Friedrich Hebbel
  • 1922: Goethe . His life told to more mature youth
  • 1923: Dante . An experience for future people
  • 1925: a solar year
  • 1927: Goethe's Faust
  • 1927: Walther Rathenau. His life and work
  • 1938: Mujeres de las revoluciones (German translation: Revolutionary in their own way. Twelve sketches of unconventional women. Edited, with an afterword and translated by Marianne Kröger, Gießen: Psychosozial Verlag, 1997; contains life portraits by Emmeline Pankhurst , Lily Braun , Angelika Balabanoff , Vera Figner , Ellen Key , Isadora Duncan and others)
as editor and translator

literature

  • Marianne Kröger: Etta Federn (1883–1951): Liberating poetry and libertarian education , in: Renate Heuer  ; Ludger Heid (ed.): German culture - Jewish ethics: the broken lives of German-Jewish writers after 1933 . Frankfurt: Campus, 2011, pp. 115–140
  • Marianne Kröger: Jewish ethics and anarchism in the Spanish civil war. Frankfurt: Peter Lang 2009
  • Salomon Wininger : Federn-Kohlhaas, Etta . In: Large Jewish National Biography. , Volume 7, 1936
  • Feder-Kohlhaas, Etta. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 6: Dore – Fein. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-598-22686-1 , pp. 514-524.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Wininger 1936, p. 558.
  2. ↑ Etta Federn in the database Women in Motion 1848–1938 of the Austrian National Library
  3. ^ Ernestine Spitzer in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  4. ^ Springs, Joseph Salomon. In: Austria Forum. August 21, 2015, accessed March 6, 2016 .
  5. ↑ See Helmut Wyklicky:  Federn, Josef (Salomon). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 44 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ See Kröger 2009, p. 166.
  7. ↑ See Wininger 1936, p. 558.
  8. ^ Etta Federn - a Jewish libertarian pioneer. In: haGalil.com. June 17, 2009, accessed March 6, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Feder-Kohlhaas, Etta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marietta feathers; Esperanza; Etta Kirmsse
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer and translator
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH May 9, 1951
Place of death Paris