Mock elms
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Chilean mock elm ( Eucryphia cordifolia ), flowers |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Eucryphia | ||||||||||||
| Cav. |
The eucryphia ( Eucryphia ) are a plant genus in the family Cunoniaceae . With only seven species, this genus has a disjoint area in the southern hemisphere in the temperate zones of southern South America and Australia .
description
Appearance and leaves
Eucryphia species grow as shrubs and trees . Secondary growth in thickness is based on a conventional cambium ring . There is a superficial cork cambium.
Most of the species are evergreen ; the sticky mock elm ( Eucryphia glutinosa ) is the only exception, which is usually deciduous and loses its leaves in autumn. The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leathery leaf blade is simple with a smooth edge, three-part or pinnate with up to 13 leaflets . The stomata occurring mainly on the underside of the leaf are paracytic. The interpetiolaren stipules fall off early.
blossoms
The flowering period extends from late summer to autumn. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The conspicuous, large and sweetly scented flowers are hermaphroditic and radial symmetry or partially ( Androeceum ) acyclic and usually four, rarely five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four, or rarely five, sepals are ephemeral early. The four, or rarely five, petals are white to creamy white. There is a discus. There are numerous (20 to 100) fertile stamens of the same size , which are arranged in an androphore. The two-celled pollen grains have two apertures and (syn) colpat. 4 to 14 (to 18) carpels are a top permanent, 4- to 14- (up to 18) kammerigen ovary grown. 4 to 14 (to 18) styluses are completely free or partially connected. In each ovary chamber there are 15 to 50 pendent, anatropic, bitegmic, crassinucellate ovules in two rows . Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).
Fruits and seeds
The woody or leathery capsule fruits open when ripe and contain several seeds; they take over a year to mature. The winged seeds contain a lot of endosperm and a well-developed embryo with two non-thickened cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Chromosome numbers and ingredients
The basic chromosome numbers are x = 15, 16.
At Pro anthocyanins is cyanidin proven.
Natural distribution and locations as an ornamental plant
The genus Eucryphia has a disjoint area in the southern hemisphere : two species in Chile and adjacent areas in Argentina , two species in Queensland , one species in New South Wales and Victoria and two species in Tasmania .
The Eucryphia species and varieties are dependent on the conditions prevailing in their homeland (mild winters, relatively cool summers, lots of rain); in Central Europe they are not hardy . Due to their location requirements, they can practically only be cultivated outdoors in locations near the Atlantic coast in Europe as well as in the Pacific Northwest of North America and New Zealand.
Systematics
The genus Eucryphia was founded in 1798 by Cav. in Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum, quae aut sponte ... , 4, p. 48. Type species is Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. The genus Eucryphia formerly formed its own family Eucryphiaceae, today it belongs to the family of Cunoniaceae .
The genus Eucryphia contains only seven species:
- Chilean false elm ( Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. ): Native of southern Chile (at altitudes below 700 meters) and adjacent areas in Argentina.
- Sticky pseudo-elm ( Eucryphia glutinosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Baill. , Syn .: Eucryphia pinnatifolia Gay ): Native of southern Chile in regions VII to IX at altitudes between 200 and 1400 meters.
- Eucryphia jinksii Forster & Hyland : Native to Queensland (Australia).
- Tasmanian blue elm ( Eucryphia lucida (Labill.) Baill. ): Native to Tasmania .
- Eucryphia milliganii Hook. f. (Syn .: Eucryphia lucida var. Milliganii (Hook.f.) Summerh. ): Home Tasmania .
- Eucryphia moorei F. Muell. : Native to Australia in the states of New South Wales and Victoria .
- Eucryphia wilkiei Forster & Hyland : Native to Queensland (Australia); this species was only discovered in 1994.
The best known hybrids are:
- Eucryphia × hillieri Ivens : ( Eucryphia moorei × Eucryphia lucida )
- Eucryphia × intermedia J.Bausch ( Eucryphia glutinosa × Eucryphia lucida )
- Eucryphia × nymansensis J.Bausch ( Eucryphia cordifolia × Eucryphia glutinosa )
- Eucryphia 'Penwith' ( Eucryphia cordifolia × Eucryphia lucida )
use
Some species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants because of their beautiful flowers that appear late in the year. The wood is also used.
swell
- The family of the Eucryphiaceae with the only genus Eucryphia at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Entry in the Encyclopedia of the Chilean Flora . (span.)
- ↑ Eucryphia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Eucryphia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- chilebosque.cl. (span.)