Evangelical Church (Groß-Eichen)

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View from the southwest
Church from the southeast

The Protestant church in Groß-Eichen is a listed church building in the municipality of Mücke in the Vogelsbergkreis ( Hesse ). The hall church in the Baroque style was built from 1746 to 1747 and has a roof turret over a three-sided choir in the east . Significant inventory items include a late Gothic font from around 1500 and an organ by Philipp Ernst Wegmann from 1771.

history

Baptismal font (around 1500) with the donkey coat of arms of the von Riedesel family

During the tenure of the Archbishop of Mainz Erkanbald (1011-1021), a previous chapel "ad Quercus" / "bey den Eychen" was consecrated in Groß-Eichen. Over a longer period of time, border disputes with the Hersfeld monastery about the demarcation of the Sprengels were settled under his successor Bardo by redefining the borders and the Groß-Eichen chapel received part of the Laubach parish. Lardenbach was assigned to large oaks, at least from 1036 to 1051, and only assigned to Freienseen in the post-Reformation period. In the pre-Reformation period, Klein-Eichen also belonged to the Groß-Eichen church and later remained a parish there. Wilhelm Diehl's assumption that there was a chapel dedicated to Nicodemus with several altars near Groß-Eichen is based on a wrong translation and a misinterpretation. The patronage right over the parish church initially exercised the Archbishops of Mainz, verifiably from 1250 Jakobsberg Monastery until it passed to the Licher Marienstift in 1486 . With the introduction of the Reformation, the Marienstift retained the right of nomination, while the right of presentation fell to Solms-Lich. In the late Middle Ages, Great Oaks was the Sendort upper Ohmen in Archidiakonat St. Johann in the Archdiocese of Mainz assigned.

With the introduction of the Reformation , the parish changed to the evangelical creed, which was accepted by the barons of Riedesel zu Eisenbach in 1527. When the pastor was filled in 1531, the Barons von Riedesel transferred the patronage rights and sent the Lutheran "Herr Peter", which led to a dispute with Philipp von Solms-Lich and the Lich canons, who sent an old-believing pastor. From 1561 to 1584 Johannes Vipertus was the first officially verifiable Protestant pastor. In his time, a church order was introduced in 1557, which was supplemented by the Hüttenberg church order of 1574. The parish belonged to the small Lutheran regional church of the Barons Riedesel and formed one of 14 parishes with small oaks.

After the church suffered damage in the second half of the Thirty Years' War , a church renovation took place in the 1670s and a new organ was purchased in 1679. In the same year a new church order was introduced, which was expanded and supplemented in 1708 and 1742. Klein-Eichen received the right to be buried in 1710 and a small half-timbered church from Unter-Seibertenrod in 1739, in which, however, preaching services were held every 14 days only from 1919.

The previous chapel was abandoned due to dilapidation and demolished in 1745. In a request for a collection to Landgrave Ludwig VIII , the community reports on the condition at that time: “The premature, old, dilapidated church that stood there collapsed in three places at the same time and has therefore become completely unusable, hence the community, so that a disaster does not arise from it The foundation stone for the new baroque church was laid in 1746 and the inauguration on October 15, 1747. The Riedeselland fell to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806 as a result of mediatization . Groß-Eichen and its branches were added to the Ulrichstein inspectorate. The right of nomination of the Licher Marienstift and the right of presentation of Solms-Lich were transferred to the Hessian state in 1833. With the new church constitution of 1874, Groß-Eichen was incorporated into the Grünberg deanery.

The roof ridge was repaired in 1870, an interior renovation in 1875, during which the galleries were painted over, an exterior renovation in 1909 and an interior renovation in 1933. The building received new heating and was repainted. The pictures of the apostles in the gallery balustrades, hidden under a yellow oil paint, were exposed again by the church painter Hermann Velte. During an exterior renovation in 1965, the west portal was roofed, tombstones (which are now lost) were placed inside the church, new heating was installed and the roof was repaired and partially replaced. In 1971 the church roof and the altar were completely renewed and the floor was covered with new panels. In 1973 the spire and clock faces were renewed, as well as the roof was re-covered, and the gable window was renewed in 2005 and the exterior facade was renovated.

After Klein-Eichen was spun off from the parish in 1978/1979 and united with Lardenbach, the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Groß-Eichen is parishally connected to the newly founded community of Ilsdorf and belongs to the Evangelical deanery in Grünberg to the provostry of Upper Hesse within the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

architecture

West portal

The east- facing and plastered church is covered by a mansard roof, which is designed as a crooked roof in the west . In the east there is a mighty roof turret. The hall church has a three-sided end in the east. A wooden beam from the previous building, which dates from 1664, was used in the roof structure. It bears the remains of a Latin inscription with words from Ps 148,14  VUL in the version handed down by Helius Eobanus Hessus : "ANNO 1664 QUOD IPSIUS ALTUM EST SVPER ET TERRAS ET SVPER ASTRA DECVS Ψ 148." (In the year 1664 Because he himself is tall and [his] sovereignty extends over the lands and also over the stars).

An old keystone with a rose of life is built into the north wall . The church is accessed through central portals in the north and west. The portals and windows are uniformly designed with profiled walls made of red sandstone and flat arched arches with keystones. The interior is illuminated by a double row of windows, which is square at the bottom and rectangular at the top. The south and east sides each have six windows, the north side five windows because of the portal. A rectangular window is let into the west portal with roof. The roof turret rises directly above the east end, which develops from a cube-shaped shaft with two rectangular sound holes for the bells on each side . The clock faces of the tower clock are attached to the north and south. Two bells were taken over from the previous building, cast in 1552 ("Anna bell") and 1698. Two smaller bells were added by Rincker in the 20th century . A curved roof leads over to the small eight-sided upper floor, which is crowned by a French dome with a double tower knob, cross and weather valve.

Interior

View of the altar area
Looking west

The interior is closed off by a flat ceiling. The Baroque interior is completely preserved and green tones in focus . In the west, north and east of a wooden loft is built on the bulging square, brown marbled painted columns with cube capitals rests. The higher east gallery serves as the installation site for the organ. Here, two wooden posts, on which a cross girder rests to support the ridge turret, include the gallery. The galleries show period paintings with depictions of the four evangelists, Mary with the child and pastor Johann Georg Müller in the west, nine apostles in the north and three in the east. A picture of Christ was later added to the east gallery. Only the area of ​​the parapet directly below the organ is left open. The middle part of the east gallery protrudes for the parapet organ . The rear part of the choir is separated as a sacristy . A wooden barrier is barred in the upper half.

The oldest inventory item is the octagonal, cup-shaped, late Gothic font made of red sandstone, which was made around 1500 and bears the coat of arms of the Riedesel barons of Eisenbach. In addition, the crossed Riedesel lances, a flower, a curly head, a cross coat of arms and three tracery-like ornaments are shown on the outer wall .

The altar in front of the organ gallery is a walled-up block altar. The wooden pulpit on the south side consists of a pulpit staircase, the polygonal pulpit cage and an octagonal sound cover, on which a volute crown with a gold-plated ball forms the end. Volutes also hang at the bottom of the pulpit. The pulpit fields are each decorated with two stylized flowers in a profile frame and are closed at the top and bottom with a surrounding, simple cornice. The wooden church stalls with curved cheeks leave a central aisle free.

Two oil paintings with portraits of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon , which were rediscovered in the rectory around 2010, are hung under the west gallery. On the north wall, to the right of the side entrance, a large baroque oil painting in a square shape bears the signature "Johann Caspar Reyer (Keyer?), Anno 1697". It shows Maria Magdalena as a crucifixion group under the cross, below the inscription SOLI DEO GLORIA , on the right side Maria and the apostle John and on the left a kneeling pastor, above a floating angel with a cup of communion.

organ

Wegmann organ from 1771
Organ interior with attached pipes

In 1679 the church received its first organ, which was probably moved to the new church. A contract was signed with Philipp Ernst Wegmann (Frankfurt am Main) for a new organ in 1769 . The instrument should have ten registers on a manual and pedal . There were misunderstandings as to which side the gaming table should be installed on and Wegmann made additional financial claims. According to an inscription on the organ, it was completed on April 21, 1771. In 1847 a repair by Henrich Eckhard (Flensungen) is proven, further in 1856 by Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhard (Romrod), Johann Georg Förster and in 1904 by Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau (Lich). The suggestion of church music master Arnold Mendelssohn for a new organ, approved by the upper consistory, was not implemented.

The principal pipes from the prospectus , delivered in 1917 for armaments purposes , were replaced by zinc pipes in 1920. In 1964 a restoration by the company Emanuel Kemper (Lübeck) followed, which expanded the range of the pedals and replaced registers. In 2018/2019 Orgelbau Waltershausen restored the organ to its original state for € 73,000. The Wegmann pipe inventory has largely been preserved. The prospect pipes were reconstructed and the shortened inner pipes attached again. The prospectus is divided into seven parts. A raised central round tower is flanked by two pointed towers. The two-story flat fields in between reach the same height as the pointed towers, with which they are connected by a common cornice. On the outside, low harp fields form the end. The disposition comprises eleven registers and is as follows:

I Manual C – d 3
Dumped 8th' A.
Flautravers 8th' A.
Viol di gamba 8th' A.
Principal 4 ′ N
Duiflaut 4 ′ A.
Quint 3 ′ N
Octav 2 ′ A.
Cornet IV N
Mixture IV ON
Pedal C – c 1
Sub-bass 16 ′ A.
Octave bass 8th' A.
A = old (Wegmann, 1771)
N = new (Principal 1920, rest: Kemper, 1964)

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 343.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, pp. 485-486.
  • Kerstin Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. A commemorative publication for the 265th birthday of the Groß-Eichener Church in 2012. Fromm, Saarbrücken 2012, ISBN 978-3-8416-0363-0 .
  • Georg Kratz (ed.): The district of Alsfeld. Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart / Aalen 1972, ISBN 3-8062-0112-9 .

Web links

Commons : Church (Groß-Eichen)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 343.
  2. ↑ a b c d Homepage of the parish: Church Groß-Eichen ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 23, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-gross-eichen-ilsdorf.ekhn.org
  3. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, p. 19.
  4. ↑ a b c large oaks. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on January 23, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Small oaks. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on January 23, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, pp. 22-24.
  7. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 61.
  8. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, pp. 35–38.
  9. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, pp. 39-40.
  10. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 485.
  11. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, p. 49.
  12. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, p. 69.
  13. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 486.
  14. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, pp. 107-108.
  15. ↑ giessenerland-evangelisch.de: Evangelisch im Gießenerland , accessed on April 10, 2019.
  16. ↑ a b Kratz (ed.): The district of Alsfeld. 1972, p. 125.
  17. ^ Kratz (ed.): The district of Alsfeld. 1972, p. 109.
  18. ↑ Kiehl: The parish of Groß-Eichen in the past and present. 2012, p. 95.
  19. ^ Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . Volume 3: Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A – L (=  contributions to the music history of the Middle Rhine . Volume 29.1 ). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 409-413 .
  20. ^ Organ in Groß-Eichen , accessed on January 23, 2017.

Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 51.1 "  N , 9 ° 4 ′ 32.8"  E