Evangelical Church (Oberbiel)

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Church from the south
Interior to the east

The Evangelical Church in Oberbiel in the town of Solms in the Lahn-Dill district ( Hesse ) is a listed hall church . The baroque nave, renewed in 1784, with a hipped roof and six-sided ridge turret is attached to the medieval rectangular choir .

history

In the Middle Ages Oberbiel was the mother church of the Niederbiel branch church and formed a common parish with it . Albshausen and Steindorf were later incorporated into the parish of Oberbiel. In the Middle Ages the parish belonged to the Archipresbyterat Wetzlar in the Archidiakonat St. Lubentius Dietkirchen in the Archdiocese of Trier . It was originally dedicated to St. Vinventius . A Biel pleban is mentioned for the first time in 1267 . The gentlemen von Cleen and von Werdorf held the right of patronage until 1422 . That year they transferred it to Altenberg Monastery , to which the parishes were incorporated.

The introduction of the Reformation took place in stages and over several years. The first evangelical tendencies are already recognizable under Pastor Georg Schott (1517–1531), so that he was removed from his office. In the 1530s, people turned away from Roman Catholic customs such as processions, and from 1542 onwards, the Lord's Supper was carried out in both forms in the Solmser Grafschaft. In 1549 at the latest, the Oberbiel parish under Pastor Heiderich Tillenburg switched to the Protestant creed. In the course of the “Post Reformation” under Count Konrad von Solms-Braunfels, on September 7th, 1582 at the Hungen Synod a change of the Solms pastors to the Reformed Confession was decided, which also had consequences for the church furnishings . During the Thirty Years' War , the community became Catholic for a few years from 1626 until the Swedes made it possible to practice the Protestant faith again in 1632.

In 1784 the ship was renewed, for which the Prince of Solms-Braunfels approved a collection that resulted in 333 guilders. The belfry was renewed and reinforced with beams because the tower was in danger of collapsing, the church roof was largely re-covered and the entrance was moved to the west side.

The Oberbiel parish was dissolved on April 1, 1932, but the parish connection between Albshausen and Steindorf and Oberbiel remained until 1954, when the parishes of Albshausen and Steindorf were raised to an independent parish. On July 1, 1954, Niederbiel became an independent parish. Until the end of 2018, the congregations belonged to the Braunfels parish in the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland , which was merged into the Lahn and Dill Evangelical Church in 2019 .

architecture

Church from the southwest

The aisle church , which is not exactly easted , but oriented somewhat to the east-northeast, is built on a hill north of the old village center. It stands in the middle of the old cemetery, the surrounding wall of which is only partially preserved.

The hall building is covered by a shingled hipped roof and exposed on the southern long side through two high windows from the 18th century with flat arches. On the north side and on the west side above the portal there is a small raised window with a flat arch. The lintel of the high rectangular west portal under a small canopy indicates the renovation of 1784. The medieval rectangular choir is slightly drawn in opposite the nave and has a round arched window on each of the three sides. Ship and choir are united under one roof. A three-step, six-sided hooded roof rider is placed on the hipped roof in the middle. The clock face of the tower clock is attached to the south side of the shaft, which has round-arched and high-rectangular sound openings for the bell. The bulbous hood rises above an open lantern with arched sound openings and is crowned by the tower knob, cross and weathercock. The bell chamber houses a triple chime from 1920. The steel bells were cast by Rincker as a replacement for the bronze bell delivered in 1917.

A gray epitaph is attached to the south side , commemorating the Oberbiel pastor Jacob Wilhelm Caps († 1797), during whose term of office the renovation of 1784 took place. A gray memorial stone for his wife Victoria Charlotta nee Crollius († 1777) is walled in on the southern inner wall. At the western end of the south wall, a bronze plaque is attached which, in addition to key data on Oberbiel church history, bears the names of the 21 Oberbiel pastors from 1570 to 1977.

Furnishing

Renaissance pulpit
Interior to the west

The interior is closed off by a cove ceiling . In 1784, a three-sided gallery was built into the nave, which rests on bulbous square posts. The parapet has rectangular panels. The pulpit wall from 1784 with the organ gallery in the east has two arched openings, on the left for the staircase to the organ gallery and the pulpit and on the right for the sacristy .

The polygonal wooden Renaissance pulpit was made around 1600. The cantilevers on the lower cornice form the bases for the free pillars that support the upper cornice. The Bible verse from Lk 10.16  LUT can be read on the upper frieze . Columns with Ionic volutes structure the pulpit fields, which are decorated with ornamental carvings under round arches. is Two angels who originally held the lost sound cover have been preserved.

The two ceiling paintings showing the resurrection of Jesus and the lamb with the book come from the Altenberg monastery . They were just like the two pictures on the organ parapet depicting the Last Supper scene and the baptism of Christ, a gift from Wilhelm von Solms-Braunfels after the abolition of the monastery. The coat of arms of the Prince of Solms-Braunfels is attached to the altar. The wooden church stalls leave a central aisle free.

organ

Baroque organ

The lateral parapet organ is dated to around 1700 and probably goes back to the organ builder family Grieb in Griedel, whose workshop was later continued by Dreuth . It has largely been preserved, making it one of the oldest organs in the region. The one-foot register (called "Cympel" by Dickel in 1843), which is otherwise only found in Johann Friedrich Macrander, points to Grieb . The Griebs had a stronger influence in the Solms area and built a new organ in the Braunfels Castle Church . The Oberbiel instrument originally had eight stops on a manual with a permanently attached pedal. The five-axis prospectus has a raised pointed tower in the middle, which is flanked by two twisted columns. Under a common cornice, which is crowned by two gilded Solms lions, there is a somewhat low flat field with a battlestick and a high flat field. The pipe fields have gilded veil boards below and above . The side of the housing is made up of two twisted free columns and blind wings made of rocailles with angel figures. The profiles of the lower and upper cornice are also gilded. An angel's head serves as a console under the central tower. The filling of the lower case shows garlands with bows. Two angels with palm branches are attached at the height of the gallery parapet.

The organ should come from a castle or chateau in the area. When Johann Peter Rühl from Niederkleen, the son-in-law of Johann Andreas Heinemann , built the organ into the church in 1784, he gave it a new keyboard with the bass tones D-flat and F and improved the wind chests . This suggests an expansion of the manual range, which had a short octave before the conversion . After repairs in 1821 by organ builder Johann Georg Bürgy, Peter Dickel added the principal bass 8 ′ as a pedal register and the hollow flute 8 ′ in the manual. After 1934 the pedals received a sub-bass 16 ′ on a separate pneumatic drawer. During a renovation in 1970 by Orgelbau Hardt , the Mixtur III and the prospect pipes were re-manufactured, the fifth 3 'expanded to the Sesquialtera II with the Mixtur-Third and an 8' trumpet was added. The sub-bass was no longer available at this point. Five of the original registers from around 1700 have been preserved. The most recent renovation for € 27,000 followed in 2019 by Hardt. The disposition with nine registers is as follows:

I Manual CD – c 3
Dumped 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
octave 2 ′
Super octave 1'
Sesquialter II 3 ′ + 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Mixture III 1'
Trumpet 8th'
Pedal C-f 0
Principal bass 8th'

literature

  • Friedrich Kilian Abicht: The district of Wetzlar, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 2. Wigand, Wetzlar 1836, pp. 116-117 ( online ).
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 710.
  • Kurt Hinze: Baroque organs in the country on the Lahn. In Oberbiel and Altenberg. In: Home to Lahn and Dill. Vol. 17, issue 185.Wetzlarer Neue Zeitung, Wetzlar 1970, p. 1.
  • Class Association 1938 Oberbiel (Ed.): The old Oberbiel. Memories in pictures. Born in 1938, Oberbiel 2010, pp. 172–176.
  • State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.), Maria Wenzel (Ed.): Cultural monuments in Hessen. Lahn-Dill District II (old district of Wetzlar). (Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany). Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 978-3-8062-1652-3 , p. 473.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 202.
  • Friedrich Wieber: From the churches and their servants. Parish Oberbiel (then and now). Oberbiel 1977.
  • Wolfgang Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 1. City Council, Solms 1989.
  • Wolfgang Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 3. City Council, Solms 1994.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Oberbiel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. Lahn-Dill-Kreis II. 2003, p. 473.
  2. ^ Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 1. 1989, p. 167.
  3. ↑ Abicht: The district of Wetzlar, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 2. 1836, p. 114 ( online ).
  4. ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 710.
  5. ^ Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 1. 1989, p. 170.
  6. ↑ Kleinfeldt, Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. 1984, p. 202.
  7. ↑ Wieber: Of the churches and their servants. 1977, p. 4.
  8. ^ Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 1, 1989, p. 174.
  9. ^ Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 1. 1989, p. 179.
  10. ↑ Oberbiel. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 26, 2020 .
  11. ↑ a b Abicht: The Wetzlar district, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 2. Wigand, Wetzlar 1836, p. 116 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Wieber: Of the churches and their servants. 1977, p. 10.
  13. ^ Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 3. 1994, p. 388.
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Wiedl: History of the city of Solms and its districts. Vol. 3. 1994, p. 388.
  15. ^ Frank Rudolph: 200 years of evangelical life. Wetzlar's church history in the 19th and 20th centuries. Tectum, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8288-9950-6 , p. 27.
  16. ↑ Evangelical Church District at Lahn and Dill , accessed on April 25, 2020.
  17. ↑ Class Association 1938 Oberbiel (Ed.): The old Oberbiel. 2010, p. 172.
  18. ↑ Friedrich Kilian Abicht: The district of Wetzlar, presented historically, statistically and topographically. Volume 3. Wigand, Wetzlar 1837, p. 434 ( online ).
  19. ↑ Krystian Skoczowski : The organ builder family Zinck. A contribution to the research of organ building in the Wetterau and the Kinzig valley in the 18th century . Haag + Herchen, Hanau 2018, ISBN 978-3-89846-824-4 , pp. 30 .
  20. ↑ Lothar Rühl: Organ restored for 27,000 euros , accessed on April 26, 2020.
  21. ^ Franz Bösken: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 7.2 ). tape 2 : The area of ​​the former administrative district of Wiesbaden. Part 2: L-Z . Schott, Mainz 1975, ISBN 3-7957-1370-6 , p. 680 .
  22. ^ Organ in Oberbiel , accessed on June 2, 2020.

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '8.94 "  N , 8 ° 25' 39.57"  E