Anton Dohrn

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Anton Dohrn

Felix Anton Dohrn (born December 29, 1840 in Stettin , † September 26, 1909 in Munich ; full name Felix Anton Dohrn ) was a zoologist and one of the first researchers to study phylogenesis .

Life

Dohrn was the third son of Carl August Dohrn and his wife Adelheid Dietrich. The composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was one of his godparents . He studied at the universities of Königsberg , Bonn and Jena at Rudolf Virchow , Ernst Haeckel and Carl Gegenbaur the subjects medicine and zoology . In 1868 he received his habilitation in Jena on the subject of studies on the embryology of arthropods and stayed there for the next two years as a lecturer in zoology. His students included Hermon Carey Bumpus (1862-1943), William Morton Wheeler and Charles Otis Whitman (1842-1910). Under the impression of Darwinism , he dealt with the tribal history of arthropods on the basis of embryological and comparative anatomical data. Building on his findings, he was the first to propose the ancestry of vertebrates from ringworm-like ancestors. Anton Dohrn also described the principle of function change .

In 1874 he married the Polish translator Maria Baranowska.

Zoological station in Naples

Anton Dohrn is considered to be the founder of the first modern research institute. In 1870 he began to set up the Naples Zoological Station , which was to serve the study of marine fauna. For this he raised public and private funds. His supporters and sponsors included Charles Darwin , Karl Ernst von Baer , Thomas Henry Huxley , Emil Du Bois-Reymond , Hermann von Helmholtz , Rudolf Virchow and many others. From 1872 he made the station accessible to the public. Dohrn rented the workstations in the station so that research on living material could be carried out on site. In addition, the appropriate instruments and supervisory staff were available, which is why the offer was widely used by scientists. In this way, the station was quickly transformed into a meeting place of international standing, where scientists and artists from different nations exchanged their knowledge. The annual report of the Zoological Station in Naples was published as a periodical . The zoological station is an art historical attraction, in particular with its frescoes that Hans von Marées created on the walls of the library there on behalf of Dohrn.

Dohrn remained director until 1909, after which his son Reinhard Dohrn took over the management of the institute, which still exists today as Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn . Other sons of Anton Dohrn were Wolf Dohrn and Harald Dohrn , Christoph Probst's father-in-law .

His brother Heinrich Dohrn , a member of the Reichstag and businessman, was also interested in malacology.

Dohrn's estate is in the Bavarian State Library.

Honors and memberships

Map of the middle area of ​​the Rockall Trough and Rockall Plateau

The German fisheries research ship Anton Dohrn was named after him. Likewise, the Anton Dohrn Bank in the Irminger See, discovered by the Anton Dohrn in 1955 between Iceland and East Greenland , and the deep sea dome ( Guyot ) Anton Dohrn Seamount (also called Anton Dohrn Kuppe) in the Rockall Trough, which was also discovered by the Anton Dohrn west of the Hebrides named after him.

In 1882 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina , in 1898 a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , 1900 a member of the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund and 1904 a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

Works (selection)

  • The origin of the vertebrates and the principle of the change of function. Genealogical sketches , Leipzig 1875
  • The pantopods of the Gulf of Naples and the adjacent sea sections , Leipzig 1881
  • Studies on the prehistory of the vertebrate body , Leipzig 1881–1886

Articles (selection)

  • The current state of zoology and the establishment of zoological stations (1872), reprinted in: Die Naturwissenschaften , May 7, 1926, Volume 14, Issue 19, pp. 412–424, with an epilogue by Reinhard Dohrn, first in: Preußische Jahrbücher , Volume 30, 1872.
  • From the past and present of the zoological station in Naples , in: Deutsche Rundschau , Volume 72, 1892, pp. 275-298.

literature

  • Theodor Heuss , Margret Boveri (afterword): Anton Dohrn in Naples . Atlantis, Berlin 1940. The Erw. New edition 1948 and 1962 are only titled "Anton Dohrn". Wunderlich, Tübingen. With a colored fresco by Hans von Marées and far. Fig.
  • Theodor Heuss:  Dohrn, Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , pp. 54-56 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans-Reiner Simon (ed.): Anton Dohrn and the Naples Zoological Station . Erbrich, Frankfurt 1980 (series: Bibliographia et scientia Vol. 1) ISBN 3-88682-000-9
  • Karl Josef Partsch: The Zoological Station in Naples: Model of international scientific cooperation. V&R Göttingen 1980 ISBN 3-525-42210-5
  • Christiane Groeben, Impact of Travels on Scientific Knowledge: Ralum (New Britain): A Research Station (1894–1897) sponsored by the Naples Zoological Station (Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli), from the session reports of the California Academy of Science, Volume 55 , Supplement II, No. 6, pp. 57–76, 17 illustrations, from November 19, 2004 (PDF; 851 kB) . This text is in English. It contains numerous biographical information and describes the collaboration with Richard Parkinson .
  • Christiane Groeben (editor): Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), Anton Dohrn (1840-1909). Correspondence , Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 83, 1993, 1-156
  • Christiane Groeben, M. Ghiselin: The Zoological Station in Naples and its impact on Italian Zoology , in A. Minelli, S. Casellato, Giovanni Canestrini: zoologist and Darwinist , Venice 2001, 321–347
  • Andreas W. Daum : Science popularization in the 19th century. Bourgeois Culture, Scientific Education, and the German Public, 1848-1914 . 2nd, supplementary edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-486-56551-5
  • M. Ghiselin: Carl Gegenbaur versus Anton Dohrn , Theory in Bioscience, 122, 2003, 142–147
  • P. Werner: Anton Dohrn and the founding of the Biological Institute Helgoland , Historisch-Meereskundliches Jahrbuch, German Society for Marine Research 1, 1992, 45–54

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Felix Anton Dohrn . nceas.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  2. ↑ See Neue deutsche Biographie, Vol. 4, Berlin 1959, p. 55.
  3. ↑ Anatomischer Anzeiger 35 (1909), pp. 596–603. link
  4. ^ Paul Schubring: Hans von Marées' frescoes in Naples . In: Art for All. Painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture . Issue 8, 1902, pp. 169–172 ( digitized version )
  5. ↑ http://www.anton-dohrn.de/Reinsch_DWK_Anton%20Dohrn.pdf
  6. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Anton Dohrn. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 28, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Dohrn was an opponent of the establishment of the Biological Institute Helgoland, which he saw as competition to the institute in Naples

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Dohrn, Anton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dohrn, Felix Anton (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German zoologist, researcher of phylogenesis
DATE OF BIRTH December 29, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Szczecin
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1909
Place of death Munich