Fire reads

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Fire reads
Feuerliest (Halcyon coromanda)

Feuerliest ( Halcyon coromanda )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Rockers (Coraciiformes)
Family : Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
Subfamily : Lieste (Halcyoninae)
Genre : Halcyon
Type : Fire reads
Scientific name
Halcyon coromanda
( Latham , 1790)
Feuerreads, Taipei
Feuerliest, Bengal, India
Feuerliest, Japan

The fire lily ( Halcyon coromanda ) is a kingfisher living in Japan , Taiwan and Southeast Asia . In the large area of ​​distribution of this kingfisher species, nine subspecies are distinguished, which essentially differ in the red shade of their plumage. The subspecies occurring in the north of the range are migratory birds and have more pointed wings. In the tropical subspecies, which are resident birds, the wings are more rounded.

The population of the Feuerliest was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.

features

The Feuerliest is about 25 centimeters tall and has a faded purple to rust-colored plumage, a silvery-blue body and a red beak and red feet.

The Feuerliest is a very shy and secretly living bird. Due to its long red beak and the silvery gray body, it cannot be confused with any other species in its range.

Distribution and migration behavior

Its distribution area extends from Japan, Taiwan to Southeast Asia. In large parts of its distribution area the fire leash is a rare bird. However, it is a common bird in some regions. These include the south of Thailand, the Ryūkyū Islands and Sabah on Borneo.

Feuerlieste, which breed in Japan and northeastern China, migrate over eastern China and the Ryūkyū Islands and Taiwan to the Philippines and Sulawesi in the winter months. Feuerlieste, which breed in Nepal, India, Bhutan and Burma, move across the Malay Peninsula and overwinter mainly on Sumatra. A few individuals in India and Korea are resident birds.

On their move, Feuerlieste are mostly in forest areas and move during the night. The spring migration back to the breeding areas lasts from April to the end of May, in the Japanese and Korean breeding areas Feuerlieste are again present from May. The autumn migration begins in September and early October.

habitat

In the Himalayas , northeast China and Japan , the fire lily occurs on or near mountain streams, in dense, evergreen forests up to an altitude of 1,500 m. In the tropics, it stays in forested coastal regions and especially near mangroves and the nipa palm .

Way of life

Due to its shy behavior, very little is known about this kingfisher species.

The food of the Feuerliest probably consists of large insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, crickets and their larvae as well as small land snails and lizards as well as fish and crabs, frogs and their tadpoles. There is evidence, to have others like Halycon are TYPES approach hunters who observe from a point of view their surroundings, and then to push for prey. While they sit in their waiting areas, they keep twitching their tail feathers and jerking their heads. The species found in the Philippines are believed to shatter the shells of large land snails by dropping them on regularly used rocks.

Fire leashes are predominantly observed individually or in pairs. He is also very popular. From this it is concluded that they defend a territory like other representatives of the genus Halycon . In individual studies it could be shown that they are very faithful to their location and visit their area for years.

Subspecies

Nine subspecies are known:

  • H. c. coromanda
  • H. c. mizorhina
    • Distribution: Andamans , southwest Burma
    • Appearance: upper side dark rust-colored with a light purple sheen, underside darker than H. c. coromanda , chest washed out with purple. Longer beak
  • H. c. major
  • H. c. bangsi
  • H. c. minor
  • H. c. linae
    • Distribution: Palawan and Tawi-Tawi (Southwest Philippines )
    • Appearance: As H. c. minor , but slightly darker upper and lower part. Coat and chest almost plum-colored
  • H. c. rufa
    • Distribution: Sulawesi and its coastal islands Sangihe Islands , Buton and Muna
    • Appearance: Like Hcminor , but not as dark. Hull shimmering pale blue. Long wings, long beak, short tail
  • H. c. pelingensis
    • Distribution: Peleng Island , one of the Banggai Islands (Indonesia)
    • Appearance: As H. c. rufa , with a silver body
  • H. c. sulana
    • Distribution: Sula Islands , east of Peleng
    • Appearance: As H. c. coromanda with more purple and long wings and a long beak

literature

Web links

Commons : Feuerliest  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ^ A b C. Hilary Fry, Kathie Fry, Alan Harris: Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, & Rollers . P. 141.
  2. ^ Halcyon coromanda in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.10. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d e C. Hilary Fry, Kathie Fry, Alan Harris: Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, & Rollers . P. 142.
  4. ^ A b C. Hilary Fry, Kathie Fry, Alan Harris: Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, & Rollers . P. 143.