Fish weed

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Fish weed
Fishweed (Groenlandia densa)

Fishweed ( Groenlandia densa )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Pondweed family (Potamogetonaceae)
Genre : Groenlandia
Type : Fish weed
Scientific name of the  genus
Groenlandia
J.Gay
Scientific name of the  species
Groenlandia densa
( L. ) Fourr.

The fishweed ( Groenlandia densa ), also called Dichtlaichkraut , Dichtblättriges Laichkraut or dense pondweed , is the only species of the monotypical genus Groenlandia within the family of the pondweed plants (Potamogetonaceae). This aquatic plant is widespread in freshwater in Eurasia and North Africa .

description

Flowering plant - illustration from Jan Kops : Flora Batava

Appearance and leaf

The fish herb grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant . It forms a stem-like, branched rhizome , usually about 1 mm in diameter . The stem is 10 to 30, rarely up to 50 centimeters long, in running water much longer. Often white secondary roots are formed on the stems.

It forms only submerged ( submerged ) leaves. The paired, apparently opposite, close together, sitting and stem-encompassing underwater leaves have no leaf sheath and are 10 to 40 millimeters long and 3 to 15 mm wide, ovate to elongated-lanceolate with a blunt tip. From Groenlandia densa and location were breeds rapidly flowing waters described that are quite narrow-leaved.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

In Austria and neighboring areas, the flowering period is between June and August. On the side of a short inflorescence stem, one to four flowers stand together in an annual inflorescence, which are bent back after the anthesis . The flower is fourfold. The thin-walled fruits, strongly compressed and end in a hook-like curved beak.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 30.

Fishweed ( Groenlandia densa )

Occurrence and endangerment

The fish herb is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa . In Europe , the northern border runs at around 57 °. The eastern border of the closed distribution area runs in Europe at about 19 ° east, further east only a few isolated occurrences are known. The fish herb is found in Asia to western Iran. It is completely absent in large areas of Central Europe .

This plant, native to Germany, is rare in the lowlands of the Lower Rhine and Lower Elbe catchment areas , in Schleswig-Holstein , Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt , in the Swabian-Franconian Jura , in the Muschelkalk region , in the foothills of the Alps and in the Alps .

In Austria the fish herb is found scattered or rarely in Burgenland, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Styria, Salzburg, northern Tyrol and Vorarlberg and whether it still occurs in Carinthia is uncertain; in Vienna it is considered extinct. It also occurs in South Tyrol and Liechtenstein .

The fish herb thrives best in slow-flowing, clean, rather cool, nutrient-rich and at least slightly calcareous or at least non-acidic waters. It populates ditches and streams with shallow water. It prefers sand or gravel soils, very rarely goes on muddy, slightly peaty soils . It needs light and therefore dies when the reeds come up .

Groenlandia densa is Kennart in association Ranunculion fluitantis and has another occurrence of gravity of the Association Potamogetonion pectinati.

Groenlandia densa is considered endangered in all of Central Europe. For Germany a degree of risk of 2 = severely endangered and for Bavaria a degree of danger of 3 = endangered. Fishweed is endangered in Austria.

Systematics

The first publication took place in 1753 under the Basionym Potamogeton densus by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . A homonym Potamogeton densus pig. ex LC Beck , published in Botany of the Northern and Middle States , 1833, p. 268. Groenlandia was established in 1854 by Jacques Étienne Gay in Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , 38, p. 703. The genus honors the German botanist Johannes Groenland (Jean Grönland) (1824-1891), who was also a pharmacist and plant breeder and later became a professor of natural sciences at the Agricultural Academy in Dahme near Potsdam. The new combination to Groenlandia densa took place in 1869 by Jules Pierre Fourreau in Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon , sér. 2, 17, p. 169.

Groenlandia densa is the only species of the monotypic genus Groenlandia within the family of Potamogetonaceae .

swell

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Fish weed. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Occurrence)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j fish herb / sealing pondweed / Dichtblättriges pondweed at Botany in the image / Flora of Austria with extracts from the Exkursionsflora of Austria ... .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f fish weed. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 102. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Groenlandia densa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  5. ^ Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 , pp. 520 (there the erroneous classification as "naturalized neophyte" is explicitly corrected in the standard list and in FloraWeb with the symbol "(I)" (see p. 7, middle column)).
  6. ↑ data sheet from Blumeninschwaben .
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 126, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D126%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  8. ^ First publication of the genus scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  9. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 , page 414. doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016
  10. ↑ Groenlandia densa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 5, 2013.
  11. ↑ Groenlandia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 5, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Groenlandia densa  - collection of images, videos and audio files