Flamingo flowers

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Flamingo flowers
Great flamingo flower (Anthurium andraeanum)

Great flamingo flower ( Anthurium andraeanum )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Arum family (Araceae)
Subfamily : Pothoideae
Tribe : Anthurieae
Genre : Flamingo flowers
Scientific name of the  tribe
Anthurieae
Engl.
Scientific name of the  genus
Anthurium
Bulkhead

The Flamingo flower ( Anthurium , then also Germanized anthurium called) form with more than 600 to more than 1,000 species, the only genus of the tribe Anthurieae and most species-rich genus of the family of the arum family (Araceae). This purely neotropical genus is common in tropical Central and South America and on the Caribbean islands. As houseplants , especially varieties of two types are used: The Great Flamingo flower ( Anthurium andraeanum ) and the Small flamingo flower ( Anthurium scherzerianum ).

description

Cataphylls as straw-colored leaves between the green, angular leaf stalks (here at Anthurium eggersii )

Vegetative characteristics

Anthurium species grow as evergreen , perennial herbaceous plants . They thrive mostly epiphytically , sometimes terrestrially. The stem is short to long. Sometimes many roots at the nodes (be Nodien ) formed.

The mostly lanceolate lower leaves (Cataphylle) are durable or usually wither quickly to fibers. The foliage leaves, which are mostly concentrated in the upper area of ​​the stem, are clearly divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The leaf sheaths are short. The mostly firm, stiff or flexible petioles have very different cross-sections depending on the species. The more or less leathery, rarely thin leaf blades have a wide range of shapes: mostly they are simple and elliptical to lanceolate, often with a heart-shaped base; sometimes they are lobed hand-shaped, whereby they can only be divided in the outer area or up to the base. The leaf blades are veined with a mostly raised midrib; the basal and lateral nerves often form a common nerve along the leaf margin.

Generative characteristics

Piston-shaped infructescence with white berries of Anthurium obtusum

At each node (Nodium) an inflorescence can be formed over a more or less long, leafless inflorescence stem . At the end of the inflorescence stem the spathe is usually at an oblique angle. The extended, recurved or sometimes upright spathe is not fused, mostly flat, lanceolate, rarely egg-shaped, often intensely colored and sometimes envelops the piston. The seated or short-stalked piston (spadix) is usually cylindrical, rarely club-shaped to spherical, usually tapers gradually to the tip, can be very differently colored and contains many flowers, spiral-shaped, densely arranged. The small, hermaphrodite flowers are protogynous. There are only four bracts . The pistil consists only of a two-chambered ovary on the tip of which the stigma is located as a slot-like depression. In each ovary chamber there are usually two, rarely three or more ovules . There are four fertile stamens . The stamens are flattened or fleshy. The anthers are usually wider than long. The pollen is colored differently depending on the species.

The infructescence is usually drooping, sometimes upright. The egg-shaped, oblong-egg-shaped, oblong or obovate berries are mostly juicy. They are colored very differently when ripe. The pericarp is thin and the translucent mesocarp is cute. The two-chambered berry usually contains one seed in each chamber. The somewhat flattened seeds usually have a sticky appendage on at least one end.

Systematics

The genus Anthurium was established in 1829 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in the Viennese magazine for art, literature, theater and fashion 1829 , Volume 3, p. 828. Lectotype species is Anthurium acaule (Jacq.) Schott . Synonyms for Anthurium Schott are Podospadix Raf. and Strepsanthera Raf. The genus Anthurium alone forms the tribe Anthurieae in the subfamily Pothoideae within the family Araceae. The tribe Anthurieae was established by Adolf Engler .

The genus Anthurium is divided into 18 sections:

  • Section Belolonchium Schott
  • Section Calomystrium Schott
  • Section Cardiolonchium Schott
  • Section Chamaerepium Schott : It contains only one species, Anthurium radicans Koch & Haage in eastern Brazil.
  • Section Dactylophyllium Engler
  • Section Decurrentia Croat
  • Section Digitinervium Sodiro
  • Gymnopodium Engler section : contains only one species, Anthurium gymnopus Griseb. , a rare Cuban endemic .
  • Section Leptanthurium Schott
  • Section Oxycarpium Schott
  • Section pachyneurium
  • Section Polyneurium Engler
  • Polyphyllium Engler Section
  • Section Porphyrochitonium Schott
  • Section Schizoplacium Schott
  • Section Semaeophyllum Schott
  • Section tetraspermium
  • Section Urospadix Engler
  • Section Xialophyllium Schott

Types (selection)

Valid types (as of 2018):

Fruit cluster of Anthurium andicola
Anthurium araliifolium
Anthurium andraeanum Princess Amalia Elegance

A.

Roots, stalked leaves and inflorescence of Anthurium bakeri
Anthurium berriozabalense

B.

Anthurium clarinervium
Leaves of Anthurium clavigerum
Flower of Anthurium clavigerum
Anthurium coriaceum
Habit and leaves of Anthurium crenatum
Anthurium crystallinum are used as ornamental plants because of their decorative leaves.
Anthurium cupulispathum

C.

Anthurium digitatum

D.

Habit of Anthurium eggersii

E.

F.

Habit, leaves and infructescence with red berries of Anthurium gracile
Anthurium grandifolium

G

Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Anthurium hookeri

H

I.

J

K

L.

Anthurium longipes
Anthurium lucens
The decorative leaves of Anthurium magnificum
Habit of Anthurium martianum

M.

Anthurium nymphaeifolium

N

Fruit cluster of Anthurium obtusum
Habit, leaves and infructescence of Anthurium obtusum
Anthurium oxybelium

O

Anthurium plowmanii
Palm leaves of Anthurium polyschistum

P

Q

R.

Infructescence with white berries of Anthurium scandens var. Latifolium
An anthurium scherzerianum breeding,
Anthurium badendali

S.

T

U

Anthurium veitchii

V

Leaves of Anthurium waroqueanum

W.

X

Y

Z

  • Anthurium zappiae Haigh, Nadruz & Mayo : The species was first described from Brazil in 2011.
  • Anthurium zeneidae Nadruz : The species was first described in 2012 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo.
  • Anthurium zuloagae Croat : The species was first described from Colombia in 2008.

use

Many varieties have been created by crossing and / or selection that are used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens, as houseplant or long-lasting cut flowers .

The Anthurium andraeanum removes formaldehyde , xylenes , toluene and ammonia from the air .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Thomas B. Croat: Anthurium. ( Online. )
  2. ↑ Simon J. Mayo, Josef Bogner, Peter C. Boyce: The Genera of Araceae. 1st edition, Royal Botanic Gardens / Kew Publishing, London 1997, ISBN 1-900347-22-9 ( full text as PDF file ; Continental Printing, Belgium 1997).
  3. ^ Anthurium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ^ TB Croat, RD Sheffer: Sectional groupings of Anthurium (Araceae). In: Aroideana. Volume 6, Number 3, 1983, pp. 85-123.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anthurium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  6. ↑ Pottorff, L. Plants "Clean" Air Inside Our Homes. Colorado State University & Denver County Extension Master Gardener. 2010.
  7. ^ Wolverton, BC (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air . New York: Penguin Books.
  8. ^ Wolverton, BC and JD Wolverton. (1993). Plants and soil microorganisms: removal of formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia from the indoor environment. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 38 (2), 11-15.

Web links

Commons : Flamingo Flowers ( Anthurium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files