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Data
Water code DE : 39211 (Alte Flumm) as the upper course of the Sauteler Canal (392); 39413 u. 39415 ((lower) Flumm) as part of the Oldersumer Sieltiefs (394)
location East Frisia , Lower Saxony , Germany
River system Ems
Drain over Ems  → North Sea
Multiple origins as parts of two river systems GKZ 292 (1111) in the Kreismoor, west of Marcardsmoor ,
GKZ 394 (111) at Wrisse
53 ° 25 ′ 32 ″  N , 7 ° 35 ′ 38 ″  E
Source height 4  m above sea level NN
muzzle in Oldersum as Oldersumer Sieltief in the Ems Coordinates: 53 ° 19 '18 "  N , 7 ° 20' 26"  E 53 ° 19 '18 "  N , 7 ° 20' 26"  E
Mouth height 0  m above sea level NN
Height difference 4 m
Bottom slope 0.15 ‰
length 26.6 km (lower) Flumm (Grenzgraben - Flumm - Fehntjer Tief - Oldersumer Tief)
Left tributaries Flumm (left upper course, GKZ = DE: 39212) joins south of Holtrop with the Alte Flumm to the Sauteler Canal

The Flumm is an old Geest and Niederungsbach, which rises on the Aurich Geestrücken and is one of the few formerly natural flowing waters of East Frisia . The parts of the original course now belong to two different river systems.

Today's water flow

Today, however, the stream system mainly consists of straight sections designed by human hands and no longer forms a hydrological unit: the two upper reaches, called Alte Flumm and Flumm, mark the beginning of the Sauteler Canal at their confluence , which bends south at Mittegroßefehn and joins the Sauteler Siel flows into the Ems southwest of Neermoor . Since the Sauteler Canal was founded , the lower course of the Flumm has been fed by the Grenzgraben , which has its origin between Alter and Oberer Flumm and is passed through a culvert under the Alte Flumm immediately before the start of the Sauteler Canal. The lower Flumm forms the upper course of the northern arm of the Fehntjer low ; its water reaches the Ems in Oldersum through the Oldersumer Sieltief . This water flow reveals the principle of water from upland geest near-field on a dam flow to the low-lying areas of the Moormerlandes pass forward.

Lower course

The Fehntjer Tief to the Oldersumer Sieltief and the Oldersumer Sieltief itself, with their numerous river loops, can still be recognized as an old river course. However, the bed was expanded as a transport route for the fen shipping by bog colonists . In addition, the Fehntjer Tief was extended by a straight western arm to Emden, so that the Fehntjer could reach the market in Emden with their unseaworthy vessels.

natural reserve

The humid lowlands on the banks of the Flumm were used extensively as meadows and pastureland for a long time. Until the 1960s, the Flumm underwent extensive straightening by separating the numerous water loops ( meanders ) from the watercourse and then backfilling it.

It was only recently, between 1996 and 1999, that several sections of the Flumm could be renatured with nature conservation funds from the federal funding project . Former oxbow lakes were reopened and connected to the water. Bank flattening, shallow water zones and waterfront strips were created.

A total of 360 hectares of the Flumm lowland northeast of Westgroßefehn were placed under nature protection. The lowland is mainly covered by water-saturated fen soils with a thickness of more than one meter, which have formed here on sands of glacial origin. Fens are habitats that are influenced by high standing, relatively nutrient-rich groundwater, spring water or backwater and thus differ fundamentally from raised bogs that are exclusively fed by rainwater.

The Flumm lowland is looked after by the Flumm / Fehntjer Tief nature reserve. The station is located in a listed Gulfhof in Lübbertsfehn .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lower Saxony environmental maps: DTK 25, hydrographic map and water network
  2. ↑ measured using the drawn GPS-TRack