Forugh Farrochzad

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Forugh Farrochzad

Forugh Farrochzād or Forugh Farrochsād (English transcription Forough Farrokhzad , actually Forūġ-Zamān-e Farroḫzād; Persian فروغ فرخزاد, DMG Forūġ-e Farroḫzād ; *  December 29, 1934 in Tehran ; † February 13, 1967 ibid) was an Iranian poet and film director. She is one of the most important representatives of Iranian modernity . She was the older sister of the famous Iranian poet, singer and actor Fereydun Farrochsad .

biography

Forugh Farrochzād with her husband Parviz Schāpur

Forugh Farrochzād was born in Tehran in 1935 as the daughter of army officer Mohammad Bāgher Farrochzād and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar. She was the third of seven children (Amir, Massoud, Mehrdād, Fereydun , Pourān, Gloria) and attended school through the ninth grade. She then learned drawing and sewing at a women's school for handicraft. At sixteen she married Parviz Shāpour , a satirist and cartoonist, 15 years her senior . Forugh continued her education with courses in painting and sewing and moved to Ahwaz with her husband . A year later she gave birth to their only child, son Kāmyār. After three years of marriage, Forugh separated from her husband, who had custody of the child. She probably never got over this loss. After a nervous breakdown, she moved to Tehran to devote herself entirely to poetry. In the same year she gave her first volume Gefangen ( Persian اسير, DMG Asīr ), in which she expressed her personal feeling of hopelessness.

Because of the breakup with her husband and the publication of controversial poems, she quickly fell into the focus of negative attention and open rejection. In 1956 she spent nine months in Europe, where she worked on her second, socially critical volume of poems Die Wand ( Persian ديوار, DMG Dīwār ), which was printed that same year. In the following years she also traveled a lot, which can be interpreted as an inner flight and a feeling of homelessness - and at the same time marks a departure. In 1958 she accepted a position as an assistant in the Golestān Film Studio. Here she met the filmmaker and writer Ebrāhim Golestān , who encouraged her to express herself. In the same year she published another socially critical volume of poems Aufbegehren ( Persian عصیان, DMG 'Aṣabān ).

Forugh Farrochzād's grave in the Zahir-o Douleh cemetery in Tehran

That Golestān was married led to another scandal in literary circles. She attempted suicide in 1960. In 1962, she moved to Tabriz , where they in the leprosarium Behkadeh Raji , in 1961 at the instigation of Farah Pahlavi than themselves-sufficient, independent village was built, the twenty minute documentary The House Is Black ( Persian خانه سياه است, DMG Ḫāne siyāh ast ) turned. During the twelve days of filming, she developed an affection for the child of a leper couple, the boy Hossein Mansouri , whom she later adopted.

In 1964 she published her fourth volume of poetry, Eine Wiedergeburt ( Persian تولدى ديگر, DMG Tawallod-ī dīgar ), in which she addresses her grief over transience and which she saw as the beginning of her actual poetry.

On February 13, 1967, Forugh died in a car accident at the age of 32. To avoid colliding with a school bus, her vehicle dodged and drove into a stone wall; she died before arriving at the hospital. Her poem Let's Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season was published after her death and is considered the best-structured modern poem in the Persian language .

The grave of the poet is located in the Zahir-o Douleh cemetery in the Darband district of Tehran .

Theme and style

Forugh Farrochzād's work is characterized by an attempt to overcome and redefine both literary and social and cultural conventions and ideals. Her focus here is primarily on the roles of men and women. Like hardly anyone before her, she tries to free both sexes of stereotypes in her portrayal , to make them appear more complex overall - to "unveil" - and thus offer them the opportunity to approach one another. At the same time, she addresses the limitation and transience of time.

Stylistically, this development is reflected in a gradual move away from traditional prosodic elements to the use of the free verse form . This is also reflected in the use of new words and images as well as colloquial language , exclamations and interjections . Her simple, unpretentious and clear language also allows her a directness and intensity of expression that has not existed in this form before and that violated the norm of allusion that had been valid until then.

reception

Forugh Farrochzād seldom leaves its readers indifferent. It arouses either dislike or admiration. For some it became a symbol of the loss of values ​​and chaos, for others the epitome of independence and rebellion. Overall, however, there has been a clear increase in popularity, which is among other things. a. is reflected in increasing editions. Today she is considered one of the most talented and influential women in Persian literature of the 20th century.

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Poems

  • 1955: Asīr. (“Captured”), collection of 44 poems
  • 1956: Divār. ("The Wall"), book of poems
  • 1958: Esiān. ("Aufbegehren"), book of poems
  • 1964: Tavalodi Digar. ("The rebirth"), book of poems
    • Rebirth. (German translation by Kurt Scharf, from: "Tawallod-e digar", Teheran 1964), die horen 26 (1981), 2, p. 7 f.
    • The Rose. , die horen 26 (1981), p. 19 f.
  • 1965: Imān bīāvarīm be āghāz-e fasl-e sard. ("Let us believe in the beginning of the cold season") (published 1974)

Others

German-language editions

  • Earthly message. Poems . by Forugh Farrochsad and Sigrun Neumann. Edition cypress: 1984
  • Those days. Poems . Selected, translated from Persian and provided with an afterword by Kurt Scharf. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-518-22128-0
  • No place anywhere: women and exile by Mostafa Arki, Ingrid Pechmann, Iris Rommel and Forugh Farochzad. International cultural work to promote democratic development in Iran e. V .: 1988
  • After the euphoria: poems . by Forugh Farochzad, Mostafa Arki and Nasser Gholipur-Ghalandari. International cultural work to promote democratic development in Iran e. V .: 1992
  • Forugh Farrokhzad: Collected Works in Two Volumes . Behnam Bavandpour (Ed.), Verlag NIMA, Essen: 2002
  • The bird is mortal . by Forugh Farrochsad, Elmar Locher, and Linda Wolfsgruber. Library of the Provincial Publishing House for Literature, Art: 2007
  • Nine Gardens of Love - Nine Contemporary Persian Poets . Edited by Gorji Marzban, Mehrzad Hamzelo and Rudolf Kraus. Edition Roesner: 2011
  • The bird was just a bird . Forugh Farrochsad, Maryam Mohammadi and Bernadette Schiefer. Edition Yara, Graz: 2013

Secondary literature (selection)

  • Hillmann, Michael Craig. A lonely woman: Forough Farrokhzad and her poetry. Three Continents Press, Washington, D. C .: 1987 ISBN 0-934211-11-6
  • Hillmann, Michael Craig. “An Autobiographical Voice: Forough Farrokhzad.” In: Afsaneh Najmabadi (Ed.). Women's Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1990 ISBN 0-932885-05-5 .
  • Manijeh Mannani: The Reader's Experience and Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry. Crossing Boundaries - an interdisciplinary journal, Vol. 1, pp. 49-65 (2001)
  • Farzaneh Milani: Veils and words: the emerging voices of Iranian women writers. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y .: 1992. ISBN 0-8156-2557-X
  • Kurt Scharf: “You can no longer bear the silence on your lips, you country!” On contemporary Persian poetry. die horen 26 (1981), pp. 9 (7) -32; P. 7 f. and 19 f. with p. 165
  • Sholeh Wolpe: Sin: Selected poems of Forugh Farrokhza. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas: 2007 ISBN 1-55728-861-5

Films and plays

  • 1963: Short film about the poet from UNESCO
  • Short film by filmmaker Bernardo Bertolucci about the life of Forough Farrokhzād
  • The Bride of Acacias play about Forough Farrokhzād by Ezzat Goushegir
  • 1999: Filmmaker Abbas Kiarostami releases the film The Wind Will Carry Us ( Bād mā rā khāhad bord ), which refers to a poem of the same name by Forough Farrokhzād
  • 2007: Moon Sun Flower Game , documentary about Forough Farrokhzād's adopted son Hossein Mansouri, by Claus Strigel , memorial film

Awards

  • In 1963 Forugh Farrochzād's documentary “Das Haus ist schwarz” was awarded the Grand Prize for Documentary at the International Short Film Festival in Oberhausen .

Translator (selection)

Spellings

  • Forough Farrokhzād, Forough Farrokhzad, Forough Farokhzad, Foroogh Farokhzad, Forugh Farochzad, Forugh Farochsad, Forugh Farrochsad

Web links

Commons : Forugh Farrochzad  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In other sources there is also January 5, 1935.
  2. ^ Forugh Farrochsād. In: die horen 26 (1981), 2, p. 165
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p see article in the EIr
  4. ↑ Since there is no gender in Persian, this book title can also be given contextually as Die Gefangene .
  5. ↑ Kurt Scharf: “No longer bear the silence on your lips, you country!” On contemporary Persian poetry. die horen 26 (1981), pp. 9-32; P. 19 f.
  6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHd41wlOK80&feature=related ( Memento from March 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Part 1 of the short film.
  7. ↑ Freely translated (literally: "From Nīmā to later")
  8. ↑ Link to the essay
  9. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / crossingboundaries.gsa.ualberta.ca
  10. ↑ a b See article in the Iranchamber
  11. ↑ http://www.ezzatgoushegir.com/Writingscontents/Plays/thebrideofacacias.html
  12. ↑ http://www.denkmal-film.com/abstracts/MoonSun.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.denkmal-film.com  
  13. ↑ Forough Farrokhzad: The Sad Little Fairy ( Memento from August 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sholehwolpe.com
  15. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.orientexpress.na.it
personal data
SURNAME Farrochzad, Forugh
ALTERNATIVE NAMES فروغ فرخزاد (Persian); Farrokhzad, Forough; Farrochsad, Forugh; Farrokhzad, Forugh-Zaman
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Iranian poet, producer and film director
DATE OF BIRTH December 29, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH Tehran
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1967
Place of death Tehran