Franz Tymmermann
Franz Tymmermann (* around 1515 in Hamburg ; † after 1540), also Franz Timmermann since the 20th century , was a German painter of the early Renaissance and a student of Lucas Cranach the Elder .
Life
Franz Tymmermann was born in Hamburg around 1515 as the son of a citizen of Hamburg. Little is known about his life. In 1538 the Hamburg council sent him because of his proven talent to Wittenberg for training with the painter and mayor of Wittenberg Lucas Cranach the Elder , on the condition that he committed himself in writing that he would after the training without the knowledge and consent of the council not be allowed to settle anywhere except Hamburg. This comes from the Hamburg city accounting book ( Libri expositorum ) from the time, which also lists travel costs and the costs of clothing and boots. In 1539 Franz Tymmermann sent the council a painting. In 1541 the training seems to have ended, because the council sent him money for the return journey and for clothing as well as money for a painting. He is already referred to in the account book as the painter of the council . After that, his trace is lost in the records. There is also no known painting by him that was dated after 1541.
It cannot be ruled out that Franz Tymmermann was already apprenticing with Lucas Cranach the Elder before the council scholarship, as Tymmermann's monogrammed and dated painting The Beheading of John the Baptist from 1534 refers to the Cranach workshop in the special image finding. This is also suggested by his composition of Lucretia from 1536 with the dark background. In addition, Lucretia was an often-produced topic in the Cranach workshop. There are over 80 known versions.
Restitution of a Tymmermann painting
The wooden panel painting The Beheading of John the Baptist by Franz Tymmermann from 1534 was in the collection of Maximilian Clavé von Bouhaben , who had taken it over with the collection from his father-in-law Franz Anton Zanoli. At the beginning of June 1894, his widow had it auctioned at Lempertz in Cologne . On May 14, 1926, it was auctioned again at Lempertz by an unnamed owner. The painting was bought by the art dealer Cees van der Feer Ladèr (husband of Elisabeth Emilie Lohmann-van der Feer Ladèr ) in Baarn . It was bought by the Jewish art collector Wilhelm Mautner , who lived in Amsterdam . With the occupation of the Netherlands by the Nazi regime in World War II, immediate access to the property of the Jews began there. In the Netherlands, looted art was appropriated through pseudo-legal transactions. Wilhelm Mautner, who wanted to flee because of the persecution of the Jews but was not allowed to sell pictures himself as a Jew, sold some pictures out of necessity in 1943 , including The Beheading of John the Baptist by Franz Tymmermann on July 22 , via his friend, art dealer Hans Alfred Wetzlar, who, according to his own statements, sold them under his own name. However, Wetzlar was also a buyer for Hermann Voss , who was the head of the special order for Linz . The buyer of the painting by Tymmermann was Erhard Göpel , an art agent for Hermann Voss, and the price was 24,000 guilders , the equivalent of 12,000 Reichsmarks . The painting was now officially the property of the special order Linz and thus part of the collection of Adolf Hitler's planned Führer Museum , but only until 1945, because the US Army , which u. a. invaded the south of the German Reich , in May confiscated all art objects stored in the special order Linz and took them to the Central Collecting Point set up there in Munich over the next few months . The painting The Beheading of John the Baptist arrived there on July 10, 1945.
Wilhelm Mautner, the painting was not restituted , since he in December 1943 during a Jewish raid was arrested in Amsterdam and the Westerbork transit camp came from where he made on 20 January 1944 in the Theresienstadt ghetto was deported. On September 29, 1944, he was deported from there to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where he was murdered. The painting was therefore handed over to the Netherlands on April 15, 1946, where it was initially transferred to the NK collection of the Stichting Nederlands Kunstbezit . From there it went on loan to the Bonnefanten Museum in Maastricht . In 2010 the painting was finally returned to Wilhelm Mautner's heirs. It was auctioned at Sotheby’s on July 7, 2011 , as well as on July 4, 2013.
Exhibitions (selection)
- 2003: Cranach in Cologne. On the 450th anniversary of the death of the Schnellmaler von Wittenberg in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum - oil painting The Fall of Man and Redemption (Cologne version)
- 2011: Panoptikum - Wallraf's secret treasures in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum - oil painting The Fall of Man and Redemption (Cologne version)
Catalog of works (selection)
Dimensions: width × height
- 1534: The Beheading of John the Baptist , oil on pine wood , 36.6 x 48.6 cm - at 2013 Sotheby's auctioned
- 1536: Lucretia , oil on beech wood , 14 × 18.5 cm - Hamburger Kunsthalle
- 1538: Democritus , oil on wood - Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
- 1538: Heraklit , oil on wood - Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
- 1540: Fall of Man and Redemption (also The Story of Redemption ), oil on oak , 31.8 × 39.2 cm - Hamburger Kunsthalle
- 1540: The Fall of Man and Redemption , oil on spruce wood , 59.2 × 55 cm - Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne
- Ca 1540: Fall of Man and Redemption , oil on panel, 57.8 × 54.6 cm - Bob Jones University in Greenville (same motif as the Cologne painting)
- Ca 1540: The Fall of Man and Redemption , oil on panel, 55 × 50.7 cm - Collection of the University of Liège (same motif as the Cologne painting)
- Around 1540: Conversion of Paul , oil on beech wood, 66 × 53 cm - State Museum for Art and Cultural History Oldenburg
- 1541: Christ and the Samaritan Woman , oil on panel, 37.5 × 23 cm ( attributed to Franz Tymmermann by Dieter Koepplin ) - private property, USA - Hans Sebald Beham made copper engravings from the painting. There is also a bad copy of the painting made by an unknown painter, which was painted on canvas and dated on the fountain instead of on the base of the table. The table top seems to tip forward in the copy and the fountain wall inside converges in a funnel shape.
Heraklit , 1538, Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
literature
- F. Schrader: Notes about the Hamburg painter Franz Tymmermann, a student of Lucas Cranach in the journal of the Association for Hamburg History , Volume 3, 1851, p. 586 f. (Digitized version) (PDF file)
- Franz Tymmermann in the Hamburgischer Künstler-Lexikon , edited by the Association for Hamburg History, Vol. 1, Hoffmann and Campe , Hamburg 1854, p. 271 (digitized version)
- Franz Tymmermann in Medieval Artists and Master Craftsmen of Lower Saxony and Westphalia by Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff , 1866, p. 163 f. (Digitized version)
- Johann Christian Schuchardt : Lucas Cranach the parents life and works. Third part , FA Brockhaus , Leipzig 1871, p. 125 f. (Digitized version)
- Wilhelm Sillem: Tymmermann, Franz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 39, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, p. 52 f.
- Alfred Karll: The Reformation and the Wittenberg University Messengers (3 pages), 1906 (PDF file)
- Ernst Rump : Lexicon of visual artists in Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area , Otto Bröcker & Co., Hamburg 1912, p. 143 (digitized version)
- Werner R. Deusch: A painting by Franz Timmermann , in: Die Weltkunst XII, No. 16, April 17, 1938
- Timmermann (Tymmermann), Franz . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 33 : Theodotos vacation . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1939, p. 179 .
- Volker Plagemann : Art History of the City of Hamburg , Junius Verlag , Hamburg 1995, ISBN 978-3885062578
- Susanne H. Kolter: Franz Timmermann, The Conversion of Paul, around 1540 , 2012 (PDF file)
- Heimo Reinitzer : Tapetum Concordiae: Peter Heymans tapestry for Philip I of Pomerania and the tradition of the pulpits carried by Moses , De Gruyter , 2012, p. 47 f. (Digitized version)
- Birgit Ahrens: Timmermann (Tymmermann), Franz . In: The new rump. Lexicon of the visual artists of Hamburg . Ed .: Rump family. Revised new edition of Ernst Rump's dictionary. Supplemented and revised by Maike Bruhns , Wachholtz, Neumünster 2013, ISBN 978-3-529-02792-5 , p. 468
- Hamburg School - The 19th Century Rediscovered , edited by Markus Bertsch and Iris Wenderholm on behalf of the Hamburger Kunsthalle, Michael Imhof Verlag , Petersberg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7319-0825-8 , p. 124
Web links
- Franz Tymmermann in the Photo Archive Photo Marburg
- Franz Tymmermann's The Beheading of John the Baptist in the database of the Central Collecting Point Munich of the German Historical Museum
- Franz Timmermann at Cranach.net
- Fall of Man and Redemption , Cologne version, on the website Kulturelles Erbe Köln
- Fall of Man and Redemption , Cologne version, in the Cranach Digital Archive
- Fall of Man and Redemption , Hamburg version, in the Kunsthalle Hamburg Collection online
- Fall of Man and Redemption (here called Law and Grace ) - About the painting by Franz Timmermann (Hamburg version) by Johann Anselm Steiger on hamburger-reformation.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Source: F. Schrader: Notes on the Hamburg painter Franz Tymmermann, a student of Lucas Cranach in the journal of the Association for Hamburg History , Volume 3, p. 586 f.
- ↑ Susanne H. Kolter: Franz Timmermann, The Conversion of Paul, around 1540 , 2012 (PDF file)
- ^ Auction catalog 1894
- ↑ Exact date ( memento of March 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) of the sale
- ↑ Item 4. , Line 5 (English)
- ↑ Proof that Hans Alfred Wetzlar was a buyer for Hermann Voss. P. 56 in The Brown House of Art. Hitler and the "Special Order Linz": Visions, Crimes, Losses , Oldenbourg Verlag, 2005
- ^ The price of the painting in July 1943, mentioned on Sotheby's website
- ↑ Total on the index card in the restitution index
- ↑ Wilhelm Mautner ( memento from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on holocaust.cz
- ^ The story of redemption in the auction catalog of the Heinrich Theodor Hoech collection, 1892
- ^ Proof of attribution to Koepplins
- ↑ Colored illustration of Christ and the Samaritan woman
- ↑ Copy of the painting
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Tymmermann, Franz |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Timmermann, Franz |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 1515 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Hamburg |
DATE OF DEATH | after 1540 |