Freesia

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Freesia
Freesia alba

Freesia alba

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Iris family (Iridaceae)
Subfamily : Crocoideae
Tribe : Croceae
Genre : Freesia
Scientific name
Freesia
Eckl. ex Klatt

The freesia ( Freesia ) are a genus within the family of the Iridaceae (Iridaceae). Of the 15 or so species , around twelve are floral elements of the Capensis . Most species are found in regions with winter rainfall. Many varieties of hybrids ( Freesia × hybrida ) are used as ornamental plants , mainly as cut flowers .

description

Illustration of Freesia grandiflora
Illustration of Freesia refracta
Freesia corymbosa
Freesia fucata
Freesia grandiflora
Zygomorphic flower of Freesia laxa
Freesia refracta
Illustration of a Freesia hybrid

Vegetative characteristics

Freesia species grow as mostly deciduous or rarely evergreen, perennial, herbaceous plants . They form tubers with a diameter of about 10 millimeters as persistence organs. The tubers are covered with fine, light-colored fibers like a network. The stems are simple or branched.

The leaves are basal or arranged in two rows on the stem. The simple leaf blades are flat, mostly lanceolate and have parallel veins. The leaf margin is smooth.

Generative characteristics

The annual inflorescences contain few to many flowers and leaf-like, often only green or rarely straw-colored bracts .

The often very fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic, zygomorphic and threefold. The six almost identically shaped bracts are fused tubular to funnel-shaped. The flower tube is usually curved. The colors of the bracts range from mostly white to yellow to, more rarely, pink to red. The bracts of the outer circle are slightly larger than the inner ones. There is only one circle with three free, fertile stamens . Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. The stylus is divided into three thin branches.

The triple capsule fruits are irregularly spherical and contain a few seeds per fruit compartment. The wingless seeds are spherical. The hard seed coat is shiny and light to dark brown.

The basic chromosome number is n = 11.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Freesia belongs to the tribe Croceae in the subfamily of the Crocoideae (Syn .: Ixioideae) within the family of the Iridaceae .

The genus Freesia was established in 1866 by the botanist Christian Friedrich Ecklon in Friedrich Wilhelm Klatt : Linnaea 34, p. 672. Ecklon honored his friend and student, the physician Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Freese (1795–1868) , with the generic name Freesia . Synonyms for Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt nom. cons. are: Anomatheca Ker Gawl. , Nymanina Kuntze , Lapeirousia subgen. Anomatheca (Ker Gawl.) Baker .

The freesia comes from Africa. Most of the 15 or so species thrive in regions with winter rainfall. All species occur as a floral element south of the Sahara , around twelve species are assigned to the Cape flora .

There are around 15 types of Freesia :

  • Freesia andersoniae L.Bolus : It isrelatively widespread for this genusin inland South Africa in the Free State , North West , Eastern and North Cape .
  • Freesia caryophyllacea (Burm. F.) NEBr. (Syn .: Anomatheca xanthospila (DC.) Ker Gawl. Ex Spreng. , Freesia elimensis L. Bolus , Freesia parva N.E.Br. , Freesia xanthospila (DC.) Klatt , Gladiolus xanthospilus DC. , Ixia caryophyllacea Burm. F. , Montbretia xanthospila (DC.) Heynh. , Tritonia xanthospila (DC.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. , Waitzia xanthospila (DC.) Heynh. ): Of the originally relatively wide distribution area, this formerly common species, over 77% were lost to cultivation areas . It still occurs at up to 35 sites from Wolseley to Swellendam, Hermanus and the Agulhas Plain in the Western Cape .
  • Freesia corymbosa (Burm. F.) NEBr. (Syn .: Freesia armstrongii W.Wats. , Freesia brevis N.E.Br. , Freesia metelerkampiae L.Bolus , Gladiolus corymbosus Burm. F. , Tritonia odorata Lodd. ): It is from Groot Swartberg via Langkloof to Makhanda, King William's Town and Butterworth common in the Western and Eastern Cape .
  • Freesia fergusoniae L.Bol. : Less than 20 isolated sites from Swellendam to Oudtshoorn and Mossel Bay in the Western Cape are known.
  • Freesia fucata J.C. Manning & Goldblatt : Only three to five localities are known in Villiersdorp in the Western Cape. The stocks are threatened.
  • Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt : There are two subspecies:
    • Freesia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora ( Anomatheca grandiflora Baker , Freesia rubella Baker , Hesperantha rubella Baker , Lapeirousia graminifolia (Baker) L.Bolus , Lapeirousia grandiflora Jacq. , Lapeirousia grandiflora (Baker) Baker , Tritonia graminifolia Baker ): She is from southern Tanzania and Zambia through Mozambique and Swaziland to the South African provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo , Mpumalanga and North West (within South Africa from Soutpansberg to Zeerust and Durban) for this genus widespread.
    • Freesia grandiflora subsp. occulta J.C. Manning & Goldblatt : It occurs in Mozambique.
  • Freesia × hybrida L.H.Bailey = Freesia corymbosa × Freesia Leichtlinii subsp. alba
  • Freesia laxa ( Thunb. ) Goldblatt & JCManning : There are two subspecies:
    • Freesia laxa subsp. azurea (Goldblatt & Hutchings) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Anomatheca laxa subsp. azurea Goldblatt & Hutchings ): It occurs from central Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal .
    • Freesia laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & JCManning subsp. laxa (Syn .: Anomatheca cruenta Lindl. , Anomatheca laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt subsp. laxa , Gladiolus laxus Thunb. , Lapeirousia cruenta (Lindl.) Baker , Lapeirousia graebneriana Harms , Lapeirousia grandiflora Jacq. , Lapeirousia laxa NE.) . , Meristostigma laxum (Thunb.) A.Dietr. ): It is distributed from western Kenya to southern Africa (in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape , Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo , Mpumalanga).
  • Freesia Leichtlinii Klatt : There are two subspecies:
    • Freesia Leichtlinii subsp. alba (GLMey.) JCManning & Goldblatt (Syn .: Freesia alba (GLMey.) Gumbl. , Freesia lactea Fenzl ex NEBr. , Freesia picta N.E.Br. , Freesia refracta var. alba G.L.Mey. , Freesia sparrmanii var. alba (GLMey .) NEBr. ): It occurs only from Stilbaai to Plettenberg Bay in the Western Cape.
    • Freesia Leichtlinii Klatt subsp. Leichtlinii (Syn .: Freesia gentilis N.E.Br. , Freesia Leichtlinii Klatt , Freesia middlemostii W.F.Barker , Freesia muirii N.E.Br. , Freesia xanthospila var. Leichtlinii (Klatt) NEBr. , Nymanina Leichtlinii (Klatt) Kuntze ): There are only five left known to eight localities from Agulhas to St. Sebastian Bay in the Western Cape.
  • Freesia marginata J.C. Manning & Goldblatt : It was first described in 2005. Fewer than five sites are known in the Breede River Valley from Worcester to Robertson in the Western Cape.
  • Freesia occidentalis L.Bolus (Syn .: Freesia framesii L.Bolus ): It occurs at many localities from Calvinia to the eastern edges of the Cederberg Mountains and from the Swartruggens Mountains to Laingsburg in the Northern and Western Cape.
  • Freesia praecox J.C. Manning & Goldblatt : It was first described in 2010. There is only one known site on the foothills of the Riviersonderend Mountains north of Riviersonderend in the Western Cape.
  • Freesia refracta ( Jacq. ) Eckl. ex Klatt (Syn .: Freesia hurlingii L. Bolus , Gladiolus refractus Jacq. , Gladiolus resupinatus Pers. , Montbretia odorata (Heynh.) Heynh. , Montbretia refracta (Jacq.) Endl. ex Heynh. , Nymanina refracta (Jacq.) Kuntze , Tritonia refracta (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. , Waitzia odorata Heynh. , Waitzia refracta (Jacq.) Heynh. ): It originally occurs in many localities from Worcester to the mouth of the Gourits River and in De Rust in the Western Cape. In some southern European countries and in Japan it is a neophyte.
  • Freesia sparrmanii (Thunb.) NEBr. : This rare species occurs only in a small area on the foothills of Langeberg near Grootvadersbos in the Western Cape. Although habitat degradation isongoing in this area, populations are not decreasing.
  • Freesia speciosa L.Bolus (Syn .: Freesia flava (E.Phillips & NEBr.) NEBr. , Freesia sparrmanii var. Flava E.Phillips & NEBr. ): There are fewer than 10,000 flowering specimens of this rare species in small isolated locations only from Anysberg to Calitzdorp in the Western Cape.
  • Freesia verrucosa (Vogel) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Anomatheca verrucosa (B.Vogel) Goldblatt , Freesia juncea (Ker Gawl.) Klatt , Gladiolus amabilis Salisb. , Gladiolus excisus Jacq. , Gladiolus junceus L. f. , Gladiolus paniculatus Pers . , Gladiolus polystachyus Andr. , Gladiolus pulchellus Salisb. , Ixia elliptica Thunb. , Ixia emarginata Lam. , Ixia gawleri Schrad. , Ixia verrucosa B.Vogel , Lapeirousia juncea Ker Gawl. , Meristostigma junceum (Ker Gawl.) Steud. , Peyrousia juncea (Ker Gawl.) Poir. ): It occurs only from Ladismith to Willowmore, Langkloof and Kareedouw in the Western and Eastern Cape .
  • Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & JCManning : With two subspecies:
    • Freesia viridis subsp. crispifolia (Goldblatt) JCManning & Goldblatt : North Cape and Western Cape.
    • Freesia viridis subsp. viridis : It occurs from Namibia to South Africa.

use

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The Freesia - hybrids resulting from crossing of Freesia refracta with Freesia leichtlinii , Freesia corymbosa or other species. They are mostly tetraploid . The many varieties of freesia with their cup-shaped, bright and delicately scented flowers are excellent cut flowers .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Peter Goldblatt: Freesia , p. 495 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
  2. ^ Freesia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Freesia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  4. ^ Freesia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Species list for Freesia in the Red List of South African Plants

Web links

Commons : Freesia ( Freesia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files