Gawthorpe Hall

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Entrance facade of Gawthorpe Hall

Gawthorpe Hall is a country house on the banks of the River Calder in the parish Ightenhill in the Borough of Burnley of the English county of Lancashire . The Elizabethan home extends into the Padiham district , where the entrance is from Stockbridge Drive . The house has been listed as a historical building of the first degree since 1953. The country house is operated and financed by the National Trust in conjunction with the Lancashire County Council. In 2015 the country house received a £ 500,000 grant from the Lancashire County Council for much needed renovations to the south and west fronts.

history

The origin of the Gawthorpe Hall was a peel tower , which the Shuttleworths had built in the 14th century as protection against the attacking Scots . The Shuttleworths had lived in Shuttleworth Hall near Hapton since the 12th century . The Elizabethan country house was built closely around the Peel Tower according to plans by Richard Shuttleworth , which his brother, Reverend Lawrence Shuttleworth , had executed after his death. The foundation stone was laid on August 26, 1600. The house's architect is not recorded, but it is widely attributed to Robert Smythson .

In 1604, Richard Stone imported Irish boards and wood from Carr House in Bretherton and stored 1,000 pieces in the tithe barn in Hoole until they were needed. The Kay-Shuttleworth family's mottos were “Prudentia et Justitia” (Eng .: Caution and Justice; Shuttleworth) and “Kynd Kynn Knawne Kepe” (Eng .: Good friends know and keep it to themselves; Kay). The mottos can be found in the vestibule and around the upper part of the tower. The letters "KS" (for Kay-Shuttleworth) appear in decorations throughout the house, on the front door and the stucco rondelles in the ceiling of the dining room.

The back of Gawthorpe Hall with part of the back garden

An early resident of Gawthorpe Hall was Colonel Richard Shuttleworth , who inherited the country house from his uncle in around 1607. Colonel Shuttleworth was 1637 High Sheriff of Lancashire , 1640–1648 and 1654–1659 MP for the constituency of Preston and commander of the parliamentary army of the Blackburn Hundred in the English Civil War . After his death, Gawthorpe Hall was leased while the Shuttleworths lived in Forcett Hall near Richmond .

After Forcett Hall was sold, the Shuttleworths returned to Gawthorpe Hall. In 1818, barrister Robert Shuttleworth died and his underage daughter, Janet , inherited the property. Her mother remarried and stayed at Gawthorpe Hall to protect her inheritance. In 1842 Janet married Sir James Kay of Rochdale , who then went by the name “Kay-Shuttleworth” and in the 1850s hired Sir Charles Barry to carry out restoration and improvement work on the house. Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth was made baronet in 1849 and was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1864 . Charlotte Bronté , a friend of the family, was a guest at the house. In 1953 Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, 4th Baron, left Shuttleworth and lived from then on in Leck Hall near Kirkby Lonsdale . After Lady Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth died in 1970, Gawthorpe Hall was donated to the National Trust.

The National Trust described the country house as "an Elizabethan pearl in the heart of industrial Lancashire". Nicholas Cooper referred to the Gawthorpe Hall floor plan as an early example of a home with the main staircase directly accessible from the main entrance, a detail that later became standard. The mansion has a collection of 17th and 18th century portraits on permanent loan from the National Portrait Gallery, and is known for the textiles collected by the last resident of the family, Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth. About a fifth of it is on display.

Country house

lobby

The porch was rebuilt by Sir Charles Barry in 1851. He replaced the semicircular skylight above the door with an arched square on pillars that sit on raised plinths , and built a three-part ajimez window above it to create a vestibule with a tiled floor. A stone shield with the coats of arms of the Shuttleworths (three weaver shuttles ), the Kays and the Kay Shuttleworths by Thomas Hurdeys from 1605 has been preserved. The Kays family motto was written on the outside of the lintel and the Shuttleworth on the inside. The decorative wrought iron was designed by Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and manufactured by Hardman's of Birmingham for £ 17 1s 6d . The interior is decorated with a chiseled stone slab with Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth's coat of arms, two ceremonial sheriff's spears and a black oak sword case dating from around 1500.

Entrance hall

The entrance hall was expanded and rearranged at its east end when the low 17th-century bedchamber, low-ceilinged pantry and wine cellar were removed in the 1850s. The stone mantelpiece was reinstalled in the vestibule. The open fireplace was given a marble ledge with the family initials in 1856 and an iron grate with lion's head blinds was installed in 1852. A wooden, openwork screen, paneled and arched in the style of the Renaissance , was designed by William Horne in 1851 . Oak paneling was installed to frame two interior windows with Jacobean paneling between them . Above it was a gallery of family portraits.

An Edwardian photograph shows the country house with a pool table, upholstered chairs, two wicker chairs and a Glastonbury armchair. The entrance hall was converted into a kitchen in 1945. The passage was blocked, the wooden screen dismantled, the wood paneling removed and an inner window converted into a hatch. Only the open fireplace and the geometrically decorated ceiling remained intact. The room was later rededicated as a study. In 1986 the wooden screen was reconstructed, the wood paneling that had been preserved was reinstalled, missing parts were carved and some stone carvings were repaired.

Among the 17th century portraits are four on loan from the National Portrait Gallery, reminiscent of Roundheads imprisoned at Windsor Castle . There are portraits of Lord and Lady Derby and their contemporaries. The furniture there includes z. B. a cupboard table with inlaid holly and bog roots from 1630 on a cupboard from the end of the 17th century, two carved armchairs with wood at the back and a ceiling chest. An ornate eight-day stock watch from around 1725 was signed by Louis Mynuel .

Knight hall

The knight's hall from the 17th century was used for formal dinner invitations, and for the performance of plays, music or dance performances. From 1816 it became the dining room for the family. After the restoration by Barry in 1852 it was refurnished. Its entrance screen with gallery was designed by Thomas Hurdeys , Hugh Sandes and Cornelius Towndley in 1604 and 1605. Above its entrances are the year of construction 1605 and the initials of Hugh Shuttleworth and his sons Richard, Lawrence and Thomas. By 1850 the gallery was no longer safe and was braced with pillars. A cornice mirror from the salon was cut up to have siding panels. Barry's carved stone mantelpiece from 1851 was placed on top of a wider 17th century open fireplace with an elliptical arch. Its sides are covered by oak panels and wall benches. The Kay-Shuttleworths crest is on the mantelpiece, flanked by the shields of the Shuttleworths and Kays and those of their wives - Fleetwood Barton , Jane Kirke , Catherine Clark and Mary Holden . The wrought-iron grate and the firebacks were made in 1852 and the encaustic tiles in 1890.

Barry actually wanted to keep the stucco ceiling from 1605, but then replaced it with a construction that revived the old pattern in a richer form. In May 1852, red textile wallpaper was delivered by JG Crace & Co. , which was supposed to simulate the Italian velvet covering from the 16th century. It remained until the 1960s and in 1987 new wallpapers were printed from the original "Rutland Blocks" using glue paints . Wool and silk brocade curtains by Crace show a pattern based on silk velvet by Pugin from 1844, which was designed in the Italian style of the 15th century.

A renaissance style table with crossed legs from the 1850s was supplied by Crace. Blanche Kay-Shuttleworth bought two alabaster models from G. Andreoni around 1880 , depicting the Baptistery and the Church of Santa Maria della Spina in Pisa . An oak table with twisted legs was made by Gillows of Lancaster in 1881 and the twisted oak chairs could also be from that company. A Charles II- style carved oak armchair is one of a pair made in Yorkshire in 1808 with petitpoint floral cushions . The stove screen has an embroidered panel. The Ferraghant carpet from the mid-19th century is from the same period, in the same style and construction as the one shown in the watercolor by NF Green from 1884.

In the great hall there are portraits of Sir Thomas Aylesbury (painted c.1642 by William Dobson ), James Harrington and Nathaniel Highmore .

salon

Robert Shuttleworth had the medieval "Dyning Chamber" (dt .: dining room) converted into a salon , whereby its wood paneling and stucco ceiling from the Jacobean period were preserved. The inlaid wood paneling in the style of the Italian Renaissance with arabesques in semicircular arches was made by the same craftsmen who made the entrance screen . Work began in 1603 and lasted a full year. The wood paneling cornice supports a frieze and ceiling created by Francis and Thomas Gunby . The frieze consists of a grotesque in which human, half-human and animal figures are intertwined with fruiting branches and foliage. The ceiling is decorated with vines and oak branches in the spaces between the ribs of the fittings . The stucco work took the workers five months to complete in 1605. The arch of the open fireplace was renewed by Barry in 1851, whereby the stone and the stone stove top from the 17th century were preserved. The fireplace has a neo-Gothic grate designed by Pugin. His firebucks have armor plates and ornamental attachments forged from brass . The year 1604 can be read on the overhead door next to the Shuttleworth coat of arms.

From the Victorian fittings and decorations, the light green curtains were replaced by silk and linen brocade curtains, which had been rewoven from a fragment of fabric with a pattern of stylized pomegranates and pineapples found in the house. A blue-red Mahal carpet of Ziegler & Co. is a replacement piece and Shirvan -Kaminvorleger dates from the 19th century. Portraits of Sir Ughtred and Lady Kay-Shuttleworth from 1884 were painted by John Collier .

Garden and property

The large barn, the coach house and the old farmhouse southwest of the country house

The small ornamental garden was laid out on a terrace above the River Calder and behind Charles Barry's country house . The semicircular terrace wall is listed as a historical building of the 2nd degree. The river was diverted away from the villa in the 19th century due to pollution. In the 1960s, he was redirected again to the construction of a coal - mine north of the river in Padiham to allow.

Other historical listed buildings near the country house are the large barn (built 1602–1604), the old farmhouse (built 1605–1606, today administrative offices), the game warehouse, the coach house (built in 1870) and the lodges and gate entrances on Habergham Drive and Stockbridge Drive (both built circa 1849)

Burnley FC has been training at a center on the property since the 1950s .

Gawthorpe is one of the starting points of the Brontë Way , a 69 km long long distance hiking trail over the southern Pennines to Haworth , which then continues to Oakwell Hall in Birstall .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Gawthorpe Hall and Surrounding Balustrade . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  2. ^ Gawthorpe Hall . National Trust. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  3. ^ Neal Athey: Historic Gawthorpe Hall Refurbishment to Preserve it for Years . Lancashire Telegraph, 2015 . Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ Nikolaus Pevsner, Clare Hartwell (revision): The Buildings of England . Chapter: Lancashire: North . Yale University Press, London and New Haven 2009. ISBN 978-0-300-12667-9 . P. 321.
  5. ^ The Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe . Grimshaw Origins and History . Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  6. ↑ The date 1599 OS appears in Cooper 1999, p. 260 f. In the "Booke of Accountes" ... for use by Mr Lawrence Shuttleworthe, regarding his home in Gawthorpe: Beginning in February NS John Harland gave The Shuttleworth accounts out. They can be found in Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the palatine counties of Lancashire and Chester . Issue 35.1 (: 126). P. 130: The foundations stone was laid 26 August 1600 .
  7. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 5.
  8. ↑ Jessica Lofthouse: Lancashire Villages . Robert Hale, London 1978. p. 48.
  9. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 .
  10. ^ Gawthorpe Hall . In: Lancashire Museums . Lancashire County Council. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  11. ^ Nicholas Cooper: Houses of the Gentry, 1480-1680 . 1999. pp. 260-261.
  12. ^ A b Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 8.
  13. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 9.
  14. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 10.
  15. ^ A b Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 11.
  16. ^ A b Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 12.
  17. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 13.
  18. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 16.
  19. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . P. 15.
  20. ↑ Richard Dean: Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire . National Trust, London 1988. ISBN 978-1-843591-88-7 . Pp. 16-18.
  21. ^ Terrace Wall Forming North Boundary to Garden of Gawthorpe Hall Overlooking River Calder . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  22. ↑ Duncan Armstong: Owd Padiham - a pictorial history . Mercer Print, Padiham 1985.
  23. ↑ Great Barn about 100 meters West of Gawthorpe Hall . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  24. ^ Estate Offices etc., on the South Side of Courtyard, approx. 20 meters South of Great Barn . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  25. ↑ Game Larder about 30 meters West of Gawthorpe Hall on the North Side of Path to Great Barn . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  26. ^ Former Coach House Attached to East Side of Great Barn at Gawthorpe Hall . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  27. ↑ Harbergham Lodge with Attached Gate Piers . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  28. ↑ Gatepiers at Stockbridge Lodge . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  29. ^ Stockbridge Lodge . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  30. ^ New training ground for Burnley . 2BR. November 18, 2010. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  31. ^ MKH Computer Services Ltd .: Brontë Way - LDWA Long Distance Paths . Ldwa.org.uk. Retrieved May 19, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Gawthorpe Hall  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 48 ′ 9.7 "  N , 2 ° 17 ′ 41.3"  W.