Georg Ludwig Böhmer

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Georg Ludwig Böhmer on an undated painting

Georg Ludwig Böhmer (born February 18, 1715 in Halle , † August 17, 1797 in Göttingen ) was a German legal scholar and university professor of criminal and church law .

origin

Georg Ludwig Böhmer belonged to the Böhmer / von Boehmer family of lawyers , who in the 18th and 19th centuries belonged to the so-called Pretty Families in Kurhannover and in the early Kingdom of Hanover . He was the son of Justus Henning Böhmer and Eleonore Rosine Stützing (1679–1739) and the brother of the legal scholars Johann Samuel Friedrich von Böhmer and Karl August von Böhmer and the physician Philipp Adolph Böhmer .

career

Göttingen memorial plaque for Georg Ludwig Böhmer (period of activity)

After attending the royal pedagogy , like his older brother Johann Samuel Friedrich, under the guidance of his father Justus Henning Böhmer, but also with Johann Peter von Ludewig and Johann Gottlieb Heineccius in 1730, he began studying law at the University of Halle , which was founded in 1694. today's Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. On January 29, 1738 doctorate he finally for both rights doctorate , on the same day that his brother Philipp Adolf gained his doctorate in medicine. Two years followed, during which Böhmer initially held legal and historical lectures.

By means of a letter of recommendation from his father to the curator of the University of Göttingen , which opened in 1737 , Gerlach Adolph Freiherr von Münchhausen , Böhmer was initially appointed by the University of Göttingen as associate professor of law, syndic of the academy and associate professor of the law faculty, a position which was originally intended for the father Justus Henning. As early as 1742 Georg Ludwig was appointed full professor and in 1743 full assessor. In 1744 he was promoted to the royal electoral council, in 1746 to the court councilor and finally to the secret council of justice in 1770 . At the end of his career in 1776 he was appointed Primarius and Full Professor of the Faculty of Law.

Social

Landowner

Bohemian at the age of 75

Böhmer acquired the houses Stumpfebiel 1 and Stumpfebiel 2 (corner of Mühlenstraße near today's Leine Canal) as early as 1747 and had them rebuilt and expanded quite generously in 1755. He later bought other properties nearby. Böhmer belonged to a courageous minority among the professors at the young university who trusted in their future development and were confirmed in it. As was customary at the time, the smaller of the two houses was intended for use by third parties, for example for the staff, while the “big house” was intended for personal and representative use. Most of his lectures took place there until Boehmer's death. His listeners at Stumpfebiel included not only his son Johann Georg Wilhelm Böhmer , but also Johannes Georg Ludwig Nieper, son of Georg Heinrich Nieper , as can be seen from the course catalogs. After Boehmer's death, the property on Stumpfebiel was sold to third parties. A few years later, when the Bavarian Prince Elector Ludwig took up residence nearby, Bohmer's previous property was still praised for the construction of the Great House and the spacious ornamental garden that reached up to the leash. Today a plaque commemorates this apartment by Georg Ludwig Böhmer.

Freemasons

Georg Ludwig Böhmer was a Freemason for decades and thus made clear a certain intellectual independence from the authorities. This was especially true when he became the first and only master of the chair in 1747 as a branch of the Göttingen deputation lodge Friedrich , founded in the Prussian Halle , especially since it followed strict observance , i.e. was secularly oriented. Boehmer's colleague Professor Johann Stephan Pütter was one of the other members . Even if this lodge was quite elitist, in that membership was limited to twelve and almost only professors, representatives of the nobility and dignitaries were among the members, the authorities generally disliked such secret societies and the Friedrich Lodge had to be dissolved after six years become. But in 1765 Böhmer joined the Augusta Lodge in Göttingen to the three flames . In collaboration with the then master of the chair, he ensured that the lodge grew to almost 90 members in 1779, the vast majority of whom now belonged to the bourgeoisie. In 1793, a few years before Boehmer's death, this lodge also had to be closed by order of the authorities.

hospital

In 1781 the Augusta Lodge for the Golden Circle had acquired the multi-storey inn “To the Seven Towers” ​​at Geismartor for the considerable sum of 2,000 Reichstalers and, in consultation with the university, set up Göttingen's first surgical clinic with the “Freemason Hospital”. The lodge also subsidized the hospital with 250 Reichstalers annually, while the government only paid 80 Taler annually in lease. The lodges regulated their income through contributions and fees, but according to their statutes were obliged to maintain secrecy from outsiders. It can be assumed that both the considerable start-up capital and the annual subsidies were raised to a greater extent by the few members of the lodge with assets such as Georg Ludwig Böhmer than by the majority of students and young scholars in this lodge at that time. One of the doctors at this house was Georg Ludwig Boehmer's son Johann Franz Wilhelm Böhmer, also a Freemason. After the lodge was closed, the “Freemason Hospital” continued to run until 1809.

Legal merit

Georg Ludwig Böhmer decided early on in favor of civil law , feudal law and canon law and initially tried to respectfully preserve his father's scientific legacy. For example, when he wrote his first major work, the Principia juris canonica speciatim juris ecclesiastici [...], he followed the teachings of his father, but in this age of the Enlightenment he felt compelled to gradually change his attitude towards the " territorial system ", which still existed at the beginning. and to further avert his theocratic legal and state conception and the imperial immediacy and instead to place the natural law standpoint and the collegial system even more in the foreground. Thus the canon law theories of this Enlightenment are often in opposition to the traditional teachings of the church, but later have a lasting influence as a basis in the practical design and adoption of canon law in general land law for the Prussian states . His work was used as a guide in canon law lectures until the 1830s.

An equally successful and highly regarded work was his Compendium Principia juris feudalis. In addition, he had revised and supplemented numerous other treatises and published them as compilations under the titles Electa juris civilis and Electa juris feudalis . In addition, several equally important works by Georg Ludwig Böhmer were published after his death by, among others, his sons-in-law Karl Wilhelm Hoppenstedt and Georg Jacob Friedrich Meister .

Georg Ludwig Böhmer drew the strength and creativity for his work, among other things, from exciting legal dialogues with his mostly legally trained sons and sons-in-law, to which, in addition to the aforementioned his other sons-in-law and former doctoral students, Friedrich Johann Lorenz Meyer , President of the Hamburg Cathedral Chapter , and Hofrat Georg Heinrich Nieper are to be expected.

family

Georg Ludwig Böhmer was married to Henriette Elisabeth Philippine Mejer (1734–1796), daughter of the secretary at the German law firm in London, Johann Friedrich Mejer (1705–1769). He had twelve children with her, including:

Works (selection)

  • Principia juris canonici speciatim juris ecclesiastici publici et privati ​​quod per Germaniam obtinet. Göttingen, 1762.
  • Principia juris feudalis praesertim Longobardici quod per Germaniam obtinet. Göttingen, 1764.

Literature and Sources

Web links

Commons : Georg Ludwig Böhmer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Mlynek : Hübsche Familien, In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (ed.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 310.
  2. ↑ Elmar Mittler (ed.), Elke Purpus, Georg Schwedt: "The good head shines out everywhere": Goethe, Göttingen and science . Wallstein Verlag, 1999, ISBN 9783892443674 , page 265
  3. ↑ Göttingen, Stumpfebiel 2, photo from 2011 - all rights with Boris Raoul Rudi Gonschorek (Panoramio, Google)
  4. ↑ Hermann Wellenreuther (ed.), Hermann Wellenreuther: Göttingen 1690–1755: Studies on the social history of a city . In: Volume 9 of Göttinger Universitätsschriften : Schriften, Universität Göttingen. Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1988, ISBN 9783525358399 , page 166
  5. ↑ Hans-Joachim Heerde: The audience of physics: Lichtenbergs Hörer . Wallstein Verlag, 2006, ISBN 9783835300156 , pages 112, 311, 464
  6. ^ Hermann Thiersch: Ludwig I of Bavaria and Georgia Augusta . Severus Verlag, 2013, ISBN 9783863474881 , page 11
  7. ↑ Walter Nissen, Christina Prauss, Siegfried Schütz: Göttinger memorial tablets: a biographical guide . Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002, ISBN 9783525391617 , page 31, 184
  8. ↑ Klaus Behrens (ed.): The journalism of the Mainz Jacobins and their opponents: Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary proclamations and pamphlets from the time of the Mainz Republic (1792/93) . Verlag Stadt Mainz, 1993, ISBN 9783920615165 , page 58
  9. ↑ a b c Masonic Lodge "Augusta to the Golden Circle", Göttingen: Development of the first Masonic Lodge in Göttingen and The Lodge "Augusta to the Three Flames" (self-portrayal)
  10. ↑ Volker Zimmermann: "Bringing a Medicinic Faculty into Flor": on the history of the Medical Faculty of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen . Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2009, ISBN 9783940344984 , page 33
  11. ↑ Axel Fischer: The scientific of art: Johann Nikolaus Forkel as academic music director in Göttingen . In: Volume 27 of Treatises on Music History . Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015, ISBN 9783847003700 , page 225
  12. ↑ Great National Mother Lodge for the Three World Globes (ed.): Statutes of the Federation of Freemasons of the Great National Mother Lodge of the Prussian States called To the Three World Globes. On page 11: § 52 confidentiality. Page 31: Chapter Four - On Contributions to the Maintenance of the Lodge.
  13. ↑ At the beginning of the 1800s, a Reichstaler had the purchasing power of around 40 euros [1] [2] , so the start-up capital corresponded to the multiple annual income of a master craftsman at the time [3]
personal data
SURNAME Böhmer, Georg Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boehmer, Georg Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH February 18, 1715
PLACE OF BIRTH Hall
DATE OF DEATH 17th August 1797
Place of death Goettingen