Duderstadt court

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The Duderstadt court on a map in 1759

The Duderstadt court was a historical administrative area in and around Duderstadt in Eichsfeld in Electoral Mainz .

history

The city court Duderstadt emerged from the medieval Mark Duderstadt . The Mark Duderstadt has belonged to the Quedlinburg Monastery since 974 , which enfeoffed Landgrave Heinrich of Thuringia with the Mark in 1236 and Duke Otto I (Braunschweig) from 1247 . Then she was over a hundred years in welfischem owned the line Grubenhagen .

From 1334 to 1366 the Mark and the neighboring Gieboldehausen office (with the court in front of the city and the court in Bernshausen) then gradually came to the Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld and the Electoral Mainz office or court Duderstadt was established. By the end of the 14th century, Duderstadt was able to acquire considerable territory, so that not only Duderstadt itself, but the towns of Breitenberg , Brochthausen , Fuhrbach , Gerblingerode , Hilkerode , Immingerode , Langenhagen , Mingerode , Nesselröden , Tiftlingerode and Westerode belonged to the city court. There were also numerous settlements that no longer exist today, such as Klingenburg, Herbigshagen, Dudenborn, Leere and Rosenthal. The five Kesperdörfer Desingerode , Esplingerode , Germershausen , Seulingen and Werxhausen , which belonged to Duderstadt until the Peasants' War , were added to the neighboring Gieboldehausen office.

Originally the court was located at the royal or ducal court at the Servatiuskirche, at the head of the jurisdiction of the Mark Duderstadt there was a city bailiff or a mayor since the Middle Ages . Duke Heinrich der Wunderliche granted the city the right of the city of Braunschweig in 1279. In 13 64 the Archbishop of Mainz pledged the court in the city, in front of the city and in Bernshausen to Tile and Otto von Kerstlingerode . During the 14./15. In the 19th century the city came into the possession of the court and the city council of Duderstadt was able to expand its powers and limit the influence of the city bailiff, it became a city court. After the peasant uprising at Frankenhausen was put down , Duke Heinrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel conquered the city of Duderstadt and handed it back to the Archbishop of Mainz, Albrecht. After that, the city council lost its jurisdiction and a mayor was installed in place of the bailiff . He was the municipal representative of the Mainz electors and was appointed by them. In addition, there was the city council with the respective mayor. Around 1430 the court took place in front of the Koufhus (today's town hall ), later in the town hall itself, where there was also a torture cellar. There were three pillory in the city and the gallows stood below the Sulbergwarte .

In addition to the city court, there was also a western court , which was held in front of the western gate . This dish was directed by a count . From the 17th century, the Vogt von Gieboldehausen headed the court at Westertor. The following judges are proven in Duderstadt:

  • 1386 Herman von Böseckendorf (judge and geographer)
  • 1373 and 1384 Simon Rust (Richter and Gogreve)
  • 1387 Dietrich (Gogreve and judge)
  • 1388 Helhold von dem Hagen (judge before the city)
  • 1373 Wasmut Rieme (on the western court of Duderstadt)
  • 1393 Wasmut von Böseckendorf (Vogt of the court)
  • 1405 Johann von Breitenbach (district judge)

The office remains in the possession of Kurmainz until 1802. After the Eichsfeld was taken over by the Kingdom of Prussia , the Eichsfeld was divided into two districts, and Duderstadt was the seat of the Prussian district administrator of the Prussian lower district . During the Franco-Westphalian occupation, Duderstadt was the seat of the Duderstadt district within the department of the Harz . After the Untreichsfeld was added to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1816 , the Duderstadt Office was created with the eleven council villages and five parish villages ("Kespeldörfer").

Town councilors

The former Koufhus and today's town hall in Duderstadt

No bailiffs are mentioned for the time of belonging to the Quedlinburg Abbey. The following Brunswick and Mainz bailiffs are known in Duderstadt:

  • 13th century Hermen IV. Von Oldershausen , Vogt of Duderstadt, Osterode and Herzberg
  • 1266 Heidenreich or Heinrich von Mützschefahl (Heidenricus miles advocatus, consules et burgensium universitas in duderstad)
  • 1288 Willkin
  • 1321 Hermann von Hagen
  • 1436 Engelhard Döring
  • 1446 Burkard von Enzenberg
  • 1448 Bertram von Brobeck

Kurmainzer Stadtschultheiße in Duderstadt

The following mayors are proven:

  • 1554 Johann Möring
  • 1573 Henrich von Hagen
  • 1587, 1603 Johann Henniker
  • 1615 Jost von Horn
  • 1631-1648 Michael Sponsail
  • 1638–1635 Herwig Morick
  • 1651–1684 Jost Adrian von Horn
  • 1684–1714 Johann Christoph Böning
  • 1714–1726 Johann Heinrich Dresanus
  • 1726–1754 Franz Wilhelm Wagner
  • 1754–1769 Jost Adrian Schott
  • 1769–1778 Friderich Godfried Gerhardi
  • 1778–1792 Georg Franz Heiland
  • 1792–1802 Karl-Josef Hofmann

Duderstädter Landwehr

The Sulbergwarte north of Duderstadt
Grave slab of the city governor Andreas Birkner in Heiligenstadt

In addition to the city wall with ramparts and moats to protect the city, at the beginning of the 15th century the city had ramparts and curtains built around its boundary and on the borders of the Mainz area . Trenches on both sides, the passages of which were provided with barriers and guard towers, were intended to protect the city against enemy incursions, especially from the neighboring noble families. More than 12 waiting towers are known in the closer and wider area of ​​Duderstadt: Euzenbergwarte , horse mountain observatory, Lindenbergwarte, Hahnekratzwarte, Sulbergwarte , Rote Warte, Tettelwarte, Hilkeröder, Seulinger and Nesselröder Warte, fire hook observatory and others. Remains of the former Landwehr, the Knick and the waiting towers are still there today.

All male citizens, headed by the city governor and the rifle master, were obliged to protect the city. The right to appoint the captain's position lay with the city council, but applicants had to apply to the Elector of Mainz. The captain was paid by the city, received free housing and taxes in kind, as well as a grant from the elector. The following, mostly aristocratic city governors are known:

  • Hans von Hagen (1390)
  • Tile (1437), Heinrich (1467) and Ernst (1525) von Westernhagen
  • Hans von dem Hagen (1456)
  • Burkard of Enzenberg (1479)
  • Hans von Grone (1506)
  • Rudolph (1517) and Philipp (1624–1628) von Bültzingslöwen
  • Joachim von Bodensee and Friedrich von Wintzingerode
  • Claus von Leuthorst
  • Johann von Hanstein (until 1560)
  • Georg von Krain (1560, 1575)
  • of Mingerode (1578)
  • Jost von Eschwege (until 1603)
  • Thomas Selgen (1604-1607)
  • Andreas Birkner (1608, 1613 as a prisoner on the Rusteberg )
  • Valentin von Tastungen (1614–1623)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm (1638–1671) and Ernst Christoph (1676) von Knorr
  • Johann Kaspar von Hagen (1718–1732)

literature

  • Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803
  • Christoph Lerch: The Duderstädter Stadtschultheißen. in: Goldene Mark - 20th year (1969), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, pp. 33–43, 63
  • Christoph Lerch: The jurisdiction in the Golden Mark Duderstadt from the Middle Ages to the present. in: Goldene Mark - 4th year (1953), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, 1st special issue pp. 1-52
  • F. Boegehold: The older bailiffs from Duderstadt. in: Goldene Mark - 27th year (1976), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, pp. 12-20
  • L. Schmalz: The constitution in the court of Duderstadt. Excerpt from the dissertation: The agricultural constitution in the court and office of Duderstadt before the liberal agricultural reforms. in: Goldene Mark - 2nd year (1951), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, Oct. pp. 5-7
  • Christoph LERCH: The Duderstadt curtsey and waiting. In: Goldene Mark 26 (1975) pp. 38-48
  • Christoph LERCH: The city of Duderstadt and its villages. In: Goldene Mark 27 (1976) pp. 1-12
  • Christoph LERCH: Duderstädter Chronik from the prehistoric times up to the year 1973. Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 1979
  • Ulrike Ehbrecht: The fortification of the city of Duderstadt. Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 1993
  • Something about the executioners in Duderstadt 1607-1806. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift. Vol. 43 (1999), No. 10, Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 1999, pp. 365-369

Web links

Commons : Amt Duderstadt (Kurmainz)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Wolf: History and Description of the City of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803, pp. 45-53
  2. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 2, Göttingen 1793, Section 3, §102
  3. ↑ Dieter Pötschke (Ed.): Stadtrecht, Roland and Pillory: on the legal history of Halberstadt, Goslar, Bremen and Brandenburg cities. In: Harz research volume 14, Lukas Verlag Wernigerode and Leipzig 2002
  4. ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, p. 407
  5. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt: with documents and three coppers. Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1803. Page 309 Online at Google Books
  6. ^ Johann Wolf: History and Description of the City of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803, §58, pp. 296-301
  7. ^ Private website on the genealogy of the Becker family
  8. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 ( Treatise on the Eichsfeld nobility, as a contribution to their history. ) Page 16
  9. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt: with documents and three coppers. Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1803, Certificate III.
  10. ^ ersch and Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts. First section, part 32, Brockhaus Leipzig 1839, page 35
  11. ↑ [1] landesarchiv.sachsen-anhalt.de
  12. ^ Johann Wolf: History and Description of the City of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803, §58, pp. 296-301
  13. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968, page 212
  14. ↑ Christoph Lerch: Duderstädter Chronik from the prehistory to the year 1973 . Mecke Verlag, Duderstadt 1979, p. 39 .
  15. ↑ Philip Knieb: The City captain from Duderstadt. in: Our Eichsfeld. Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, 10th year 1915, pages 167-169
  16. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968, page 193