Odorless chamomile

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Odorless chamomile
Odorless chamomile (Tripleurospermum inodorum)

Odorless chamomile ( Tripleurospermum inodorum )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Beach chamomiles ( Tripleurospermum )
Type : Odorless chamomile
Scientific name
Tripleurospermum inodorum
( L. ) Sch. Gdp.

The Scentless Mayweed ( Tripleurospermum inodorum ), also wrong beach chamomile called, is a species of the genus beach chamomile ( Tripleurospermum ) within the plant family Compositae (Asteraceae). Due to their very similar flower heads, it is easy to confuse it with the real chamomile . However, it contains only a few essential oils and therefore has no chamomile scent . It does not have a healing effect, as is typical for real chamomile.

description

Illustration from Koehler's Medicinal Plants , 178

Vegetative characteristics

The odorless chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 80 centimeters. It has ascending to erect, branched only in the upper part, sparsely hairy only when young stems . The two to three pinnate leaves are not fleshy and 2 to 8 centimeters long. The feathers have lengths of 4 to 20 millimeters.

Section through the flower head

Generative characteristics

In a doldigen total inflorescence are terminally the basket-shaped inflorescences ( Pseudanthien ). The hemispherical cup base is pithy and not hollow. The oval bracts are dark green to dark brown in the middle; their edges and tips are pale to light brown and more or less dry-skinned. The flower heads have a diameter of about 3 to 4.5 centimeters. The flower heads contain yellow, radially symmetrical tubular flowers (= disc flowers) on the inside and 10 to 25 white, zygomorphic ray-flowers on the outside . The ray-florets protrude horizontally or are erect and only knocked down in older flower heads.

The fruit is an achenes with a pappus that is formed as a membranous border. More or less circular oil glands are located at the apex of the triple-ribbed, pale brown fruit.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.

ecology

The odorless chamomile is a wintering green therophyte . The odorless chamomile is a cultural companion. It has roots up to 120 centimeters deep.

The pollination is done by insects .

Odorless chamomile ( Tripleurospermum maritimum inodorum )

Occurrence

The odorless chamomile is widespread in large areas of Eurasia . In many areas, for example the Azores, Primorye , New Zealand and North and South America, Tripleurospermum inodorum is a neophyte .

In Germany, the odorless chamomile often grows in nutrient-rich fields, in ruderal meadows and on wasteland. In Central Europe it thrives on fresh to moderately dry, nutrient-rich, mostly low-lime, more or less humus-rich, neutral, sandy or pure clay or loam soils . In Central Europe it occurs mainly in plant communities of the Sisymbrion association or the Secalietea class . In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises above the middle station of the Fellhornbahn up to an altitude of 1850 meters.

Taxonomy

The first publication took place in 1755 under the name ( Basionym ) Matricaria inodora by Carl von Linné in Flora Suecica, Editio Secunda Aucta et Emendata , page 297. The new combination to Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Gdp. was published in 1844 by Carl Heinrich Schultz in Ueber die Tanaceteen: with special consideration of the German species , page 32. Synonyms for Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Gdp. are: Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum (L.) Appleq. , Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora (L.) Soó , Matricaria perforata Mérat , Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Laínz , Chamaemelum inodorum (L.) Vis. , Dibothrospermum agreste Knaf nom. illeg., Pyrethrum elegans Pollini .

Common names

For the odorless chamomile, the other German-speaking common names exist or existed : Küdill, Kühaug, Rindsaug and Rödendil ( Göttingen ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Luc Brouillet: Tripleurospermum Schultz Bipontinus - Mayweed. : Tripleurospermum inodorum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus , p. 549 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6 : Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c Tripleurospermum inodorum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. : Datasheet Tripleurospermum inodorum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  937 .
  5. ↑ Tripleurospermum inodorum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 604.
  7. ↑ Tripleurospermum inodorum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  8. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 94 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Odorless Chamomile ( Tripleurospermum inodorum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Odorless chamomile  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations