Japanese Gleditschie
| Japanese Gleditschie | ||||||||||||
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Leaves and fruits |
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| Gleditsia japonica | ||||||||||||
| Miq. |
The Japanese Gleditschia ( Gleditsia japonica ) is a medium-sized tree with pinnate leaves from the subfamily of the carob family (Caesalpinioideae). The natural range of the species is in Japan, Korea and China. It is rarely planted as an ornamental shrub .
description
The Japanese Gleditschia is a tree up to 25 meters high with numerous, 2 to 15.5 centimeters long, often branched and somewhat flattened, red-brown to black-brown thorns . The young shoots are bare, shiny, red-brown or later gray-green, slightly ribbed with scattered, whitish cork pores . The leaves are 11 to 25 centimeters long, singly or doubly pinnate and then with two to six first-order pinnate . The leaf spindles are hairy on the edge of the groove. The petioles of the leaflets are very short. The six to 20 leaflets, arranged in pairs, are paper-like or thickly paper-like, 2 to 7 rarely up to 9 centimeters long and 1 to 3 rarely 4 centimeters wide, ovate-oblong, ovoid-lanceolate to oblong, with entire margins or wavy notched, with broadly wedge-shaped to rounded , slightly oblique base and rounded or sometimes edged tip. Bi-pinnate leaves have second-order pinnates with two to twelve significantly smaller leaflets than single-pinnate leaves. The upper surface of the leaflet is sometimes shiny, slightly downy-haired to bald and somewhat rough. The underside is lightly downy hairy along the median nerve and at the base of the leaf and later balding.
The inflorescences are weakly downy-haired ears in the leaf axils or at the ends of the branches. Male inflorescences are 8 to 20 inches long, female 5 to 16 inches. The male flowers have a diameter of 5 to 6 millimeters, a 1.5 millimeter wide, deep brown and on the outside thickly brown hairy flower base . The three or four sepals are triangular-lanceolate, about 2 millimeters long and hairy on both sides. The four petals are elliptical, about 2 millimeters long and hairy. Six to eight, rarely nine stamens are formed. Female flowers have a diameter of 5 to 8, rarely 9 millimeters with an approximately 2 millimeter wide flower base. Four to five sepals and as many petals are formed. They have a shape similar to that of male flowers, are about 3 millimeters long and densely hairy on both sides. Four to eight staminodes are formed. The ovary is bald and has numerous ovules . The pen is short and bent, the scar is bilobed and widened. The species blooms from June to July. As fruits 20-54 cm long and 2 to 7 centimeters wide, brown or blackish brown, flattened, ribbon-like, bubble and machined to sleeves formed with a 5 to 15 millimeter long beak at the top. The stem is 1.5 to 3.5 inches long, the flaps are leathery, often blistered, hairless or velvety and shiny. The numerous seeds are deep brown, elliptical, smooth, 9 to 10 millimeters long and 5 to 7 millimeters wide.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence and location requirements
The natural range is in Japan on the islands of Honshū , Kyushu and Shikoku , on the Korean peninsula and in China in the provinces of Anhui , Guizhou , Hebei , Henan , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Liaoning , Shandong , Yunnan and Zhejiang . The Japanese Gleditschia grows on sunny slopes, in valleys, along rivers and in forests at altitudes of 100 to 2500 meters on dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy-gravelly or sandy-loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shady soils Locations. The species is sensitive to moisture, loves warmth and is usually frost hardy .
Systematics
Japanese Gleditschie ( Gleditsia japonica ) is a kind of the genus of honey locusts ( Gleditsia ). It is in the family of leguminous plants of the subfamily of the (Fabaceae) caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) and the tribe associated Caesalpinieae. The species was first scientifically described in a valid way by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in 1867 . The generic name Gleditsia was chosen by Carl von Linné and is reminiscent of the German botanist Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch ( Latinized Gleditsius) (1714 to 1786), professor and director of the Berlin Botanical Garden . The specific epithet japonica refers to the distribution area in Japan.
There are three varieties:
- Gleditsia japonica var. Delavayi (Franchet) LCLi with glabrous , 30 to 54 centimeters long and 4.5 to 7 centimeters wide legumes. Female flowers have a diameter of 7 to 8, rarely 9 millimeters.
- Gleditsia japonica var. Japonica with bare, 20 to 35 centimeters long and 2 to 4 centimeters wide legumes. Female flowers are 5 to 6 millimeters in diameter.
- Gleditsia japonica var. Velutina L.C.Li with yellowish green and densely velvety hairy legumes.
use
The Japanese Gleditschia is very rarely used as an ornamental shrub because of its striking fruits . Sometimes it also serves as a bee pasture .
proof
literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 38 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 319.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 512 .
- Steve Cafferty: Cosmos Atlas Trees of the World . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 206 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ^ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 319, according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 512 and according to Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas trees of the world , p. 206
- ↑ Cafferty: Kosmos Atlas Trees of the World , p. 206
- ↑ a b c d e Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang, Kai Larsen: Gleditsia japonica , in the Flora of China , Volume 10, p. 38
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 319
- ↑ a b Gleditsia japonica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 15, 2012 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 268
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 313
Web links
Gleditsia japonica. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 16, 2012 .