Bar leaf
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Bar- leaves ( Gloeophyllum trabeum ) |
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| Gloeophyllum trabeum | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers .: Fr. ) Murrill |
The bar leaves ( Gloeophyllum trabeum , syn. Trametes trabea and Lenzites trabea ) is a type of fungus from the family of leaf relatives (Gloeophyllaceae).
features
Macroscopy
The bar leaves form annual to perennial, console-, fan- or semicircular fruiting bodies , which are zoned on the top uneven, bumpy to wavy. The cinnamon to ocher-brown fruiting bodies are finely tomentose on top when young, but later bald. The irregularly wavy to notched, sharp edge is lighter to gray-brownish in younger specimens. The underside shows a light to ocher brown, closely labyrinthine to lanyrinthine-porous hymenophore .
microscopy
The hyphae system is dimitic; in addition to thin-walled, septate, buckle-bearing generative hyphae , there are also unseptated, thick-walled skeletal hyphae. Thick-walled, branched elements that are reminiscent of connective hyphae also appear only very rarely.
Cystidia occur frequently in the hymenium, but are embedded in the hymenium and therefore not very noticeable. They are thin-walled, sometimes somewhat thick-walled at the base and up to 30 µm long and 4–5.5 µm wide. A few individual cystidas secrete apically resinous, colorless to golden yellow, small, spherical secretion droplets.
The basidia are narrow club-shaped and measure 20–25 × 6–7 µm. They are usually four-pore and have a basal buckle.
The spores are cylindrical, colorless-hyaline, smooth, inamyloid and measure 7–10 × 3–4.5 µm.
sexuality
The bar leaflet is heterothallic and shows a bipolar cross type.
Species delimitation
The bar leaf differs from the similar species of fence leaf and fir leaf through the smoother, not bristly-curled top of the hat, young paler coloring and the particularly narrow, labyrinthine-pore hymenophore, which appears significantly less lamellar. It also prefers hardwood as a substrate, but is also found on softwood.
ecology
The barblade is a wood-dwelling saprobiont that has a wide substrate spectrum, but prefers hardwood. It colonizes, for example, maple ( Acer ), alder ( Alnus ), birch ( Betula ), beech ( Fagus ), ash ( Fraxinus ), apples ( Malus ), poplar ( Populus ), Prunus , oak ( Quercus ), willow ( Salix ), Sorbus , linden ( Tilia ) and elm ( Ulmus ). With regard to conifers, e.g. B. Fir ( Abies ), larch ( Larix ), spruce ( Picea ) and yew ( Taxus ) populated. Many other substrates are colonized in North America and the tropics.
The fungus causes intense brown rot in the affected wood . The species grows on dead, debarked wood, which is particularly exposed to sun and wind and is strongly heated and dried out in summer. Outside of the forest, like the fence leaf, it occurs on long-term, summer-dry timber and, like this, is insensitive to summer drought of the substrate , both species can be associated with one another.
distribution
The bar leaves occur in Mediterranean to moderate climates and become rarer in Europe from south to north. The northern border of the European area is reached in Denmark. Further north, it is not found on built-in wood in buildings. In the corresponding climatic zones up to the tropics, the bar leaf is cosmopolitan. In Germany the fungus is found widely.
meaning
The bar leaves can cause similar damage to built-up wood as the fence leaves, but because of their lower frequency it is less important than this.
research
An in vitro experiment has shown that the leaf leaf extract has antibacterial properties.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Leif Ryvarden, Richard L. Gilbertson: European Polypores Part 1. Abortiporus-Lindtneria . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 6 . Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway 1993, p. 1-387 .
- ^ Mildred K. Nobles: Identification of Cultures of Wood-Inhabiting Hymenomycetes . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 43 , no. 9 , September 1, 1965, ISSN 0008-4026 , p. 1097-1139 , doi : 10.1139 / b65-126 ( nrcresearchpress.com ).
- ↑ D. Janeš, A. Umek, S. Kreft: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of extracts of five species of wood-colonizing fungi. In: J. Basic Microbiol. 46, No. 3, 2006, pp. 203-207.
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literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .
- Peter Schütt, Hans J. Schuck, Bernd Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species. Nikol, Hamburg 2002 (581 pages).
