Goby-like

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Goby-like
Pair of the yellow symbiosis (Cryptocentrus cinctus), aquarium photo.

Pair of the yellow symbiosis ( Cryptocentrus cinctus ), aquarium photo.

Systematics
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Goby-like
Scientific name
Gobiiformes
Günther , 1880

The goby-like (Gobiiformes) are an order from the group of perch relatives (Percomorphaceae). They are mostly small, bottom-dwelling or bottom-living fish in the sea. Worldwide there are around 2500 species of gobies.

features

The cardinal perch Pterapogon kauderni , a relatively close relative of the gobies.

Gobies are mostly small fish, some, e.g. B. the dwarf goby ( Pandaka pygmaea ) and Schindleria brevipinguis , reach a length of just one centimeter and are among the smallest fish and vertebrates at all. The largest goby-like is the marble goby ( Oxyeleotris marmorata ), which can reach a length of 65 cm. With Eviota sigillata also the most short-lived, with an average maximum age of 59 days known vertebrate is one of the Grundelartigen.

The following diagnostic features ( synapomorphies ) are characteristic of the goby-like :

The ventral fins of the goby-like sit far in front (near the chest) below the pectoral fins and are often connected to a bag-like adhesive disc. They are usually supported by a fin spine and four to five soft rays. Almost all species have two clearly separated dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin has one to eight flexible fin spines, if present. Parietal and base phenoid , two skull bones, are missing. Infraorbitalia are absent or not ossified, with the exception of the lacrimale (tear bone). The lateral line organ is reduced in all "higher" gobies. The basal loach gobies (Rhyacichthyidae), on the other hand, have a well-developed lateral line system on the head and trunk. Most species of the Gobiiformes do not have a swim bladder . The gill membranes are usually fused together at the isthmus (on the throat). Pyloric tubes are missing. The number of vertebrae is usually 25 to 35 (with the exception of some worm gobies and Schindleria ).

Other autapomorphies are:

  1. The cleithrum, a pair of cover bones in the shoulder girdle and pelvis, has an intercleithral cartilage that is located between the ventral ends of the cleithrum.
  2. Lapillus and Sagitta, two of the three otoliths ("ear stones") on each side of the head, have a clearly elongated primordium (the tissue stage from which the organ develops).
  3. The spermatic duct is well developed.
  4. In the caudal fin skeleton, the hypuralia 1 and 2 have grown together, the hypuralia 3 and 4 have grown together and with the urostyle.
  5. Neural and hemal arches develop as membranous bones without any cartilaginous precursors. This is unusual for Acanthomorpha .
  6. The first neural arch grew together with the vertebral body at its earliest appearance in ontogenesis .
  7. The uppermost thoracic fin ray is not directed with the shoulder blade, but with the rear edge of the dorsal (uppermost) actinost (a bone at the base of the paired fins).
  8. The interhyale, a skull bone, is not directed at the connection between the symplecticum and the hyomandibular .
  9. Two or fewer infraorbital bones.
  10. A supranural (predorsal) is missing.
  11. With the exception of two species from the Gobiidae family , the basibranchial 1, a bone at the base of the gill arch, is cartilaginous. This is also the case with the not closely related shield fish (Gobiesocidae).

This description of features applies to the goby-like i. e. S. (Gobioidei), d. H. not for the sand divers , whose assignment to the group is based on molecular biological studies and is not yet supported by morphological characteristics.

  Gobiaria  
  Kurtiformes  

 Kurter (Kurtidae)


   

 Cardinalfish (Apogonidae)



  Gobiiformes  
  Trichonotoidei  

 Sand diver (Trichonotidae)


  Gobioidei  


 Loach gobies (Rhyacichthyidae)


   

 Tooth sleeper gobies  (Odontobutidae)



   

 Milyeringidae


   

 Sleeper gobies (Eleotridae)


   

 Butidae


   

 Thalasseleotrididae


   

 Gobies (Gobiidae)


   

 Oxudercidae










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Systematics

Traditionally the gobies were counted as a suborder Gobioidei to the perch-like . Today the goby-like are understood as an independent order (Gobiiformes).

The closest relatives of the gobies are the Kurter (Kurtidae) and the cardinalfish (Apogonidae). The relationship of these families with the goby-like is based primarily on molecular biological studies.

literature

  • Robert Patzner, James L. Van Tassell, Marcelo Kovacic: The Biology of Gobies. Science Publishers, 2011, ISBN 1-57808-436-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
  2. ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  3. ^ EO Wiley & G. David Johnson: A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. in Joseph S. Nelson, Hans-Peter Schultze & Mark VH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9
  4. ↑ a b c Christine E. Thacker, Takashi P. Satoh, Eri Katayama, Richard C. Harrington, Ron I. Eytand, Thomas J. Near: Molecular phylogeny of Percomorpha resolves Trichonotus as the sister lineage to gobioidei (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) and confirms the polyphyly of trachinoids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, August 2015, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2015.08.001
  5. ↑ a b Prosanta Chakrabarty, 2010: Status and phylogeny of Milyeringidae (Teleostei: Gobiiformes), with the description of a new blind cave-fish from Australia, Milyeringa brooksi, n. Sp. Zootaxa 2557: 19-28. Preview (PDF file; 23 kB) online
  6. ^ A b Anthony C. Gill & Randall D. Mooi (2012): Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa , 3266: 41-52. PDF
  7. ↑ a b Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3 .
  8. ↑ Christine E. Thacker & Dawn M. Roje: Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 52, Issue 3, September 2009, Pages 735-745 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2009.05.017
  9. ^ W. Tyler McCraney, Christine E. Thacker, Michael E. Alfaro: Supermatrix phylogeny resolves goby lineages and reveals unstable root of Gobiaria. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, May 2020, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2020.106862

Web links

Commons : Goby-like  - collection of images, videos, and audio files