Goitein (family)

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The Goitein family derives its name from the birthplace of their first known ancestor, the Moravian town of Kojetín . Numerous rabbis, Jewish scholars and other scientists emerged from the family.

The 1st generation: Baruch Bendit Goitein

The progenitor of the previously known Goiteins is Baruch Bendit Goitein (1770–1839), who was a rabbi in Högyész , Hungary for many years . He wrote a work on the Talmudic method, which was first published in Prague between 1827 and 1828 under the title Kesef Nibḥar . The work contains 160 principles of rabbinical law, in which the sources contained in the Talmud and their application in practical cases are listed. There is no further information about his first wife, Bele (1780–1820), presumably a born Silberer (Zilberer). From this marriage there were six children.
After Bele Goitein's death, Baruch entered into a second marriage with Hindl Kasi (* 1800). There are two more children from this marriage.

The 2nd generation: Zvi Hirsch Goitein

There is only information about all of Baruch Goitein's descendants about the existence of Zvi Hirsch (Hermann) Goitein (1805–1860). He succeeded his father as rabbi in Hőgyész in 1841 and was married to Szoli Teller (1815–1895). He is named as the author of the Yedei Moshe ; however, there is no further information on the work.

The 3rd generation

The Goitein-Teller couple had seven children, “four sons and three daughters. The second son was already a rabbi, the oldest and the third had become merchants, the youngest, our father, was destined to 'study' again. ”This youngest son mentioned by Rahel Straus was Gabor Goitein .

Gabor Goitein

Gabor Goitein (* 1848 - † April 25, 1883), also Gabor Gedalja (Gabriel) Goitein. More information is only available about him and his older brother:

Elijahu Menahem Goitein

Elijahu Menahem Goitein (1837–1902) followed in his father's footsteps and was again successor as rabbi in Hőgyész. He was married to Amalie Baneth († 1927), who came from a Moravian family of rabbis and scholars, and was the author of the book Rab Berachot , about which there are no more references.

The magazine Der Israelit reported about him in June 1861 that he, just 23 years old, had been exercising his rabbi position in Högyesz for a year "to the satisfaction of all well-thinking parishioners". He had taken over the office in order to "provide the community with a relief in that it saved the retirement of his mother and her five underage children (the relics of the previous rabbi)". Two men who had carried out "unfounded opposition" against the rabbi have now made public apologies in front of the whole community, which means that "love and unity now reign in the whole community". More than 40 years later, an obituary about him said:

“Rabbi Elias Menachem Goitein died in Högyesz (Tolna Comitat) in Hungary at the age of 65. The deceased was an excellent scholar and a faithful and enthusiastic supporter of our Zionist cause. For 42 years he exercised his office in the same community as the successor to his father and grandfather and enjoyed great respect and veneration not only from the Jews but also from the Christian population. All of his sons are loyal friends of their people and good Zionists. The eldest son Dr. Heinrich Goitein is rabbi in Copenhagen, the second rabbi in Burgkunstadt; another son is a doctor in London and a fourth the well-known congress delegate JL Goitein, chairman of the Zionist association in Frankfurt a. M. "

- The world. Central organ of the Zionist movement , 6th year (1902), No. 44 of October 31, 1902, p. 9

In the Gabor and Elijahu Menahem Goitein following 4th generation there is a strong differentiation within these two well-known Goitein lines.

The 4th and subsequent generations

The Gabor-Goitein line

The marriage of Gabor Goitein and his wife Ida (Jette or Henriette; née Löwenfeld, * March 21, 1848 - † October 21, 1931), an elementary school teacher, gave birth to six children. In a laudatory speech on her 70th birthday, Ida Goitein's social commitment is highlighted, but also her commitment to the Zionist cause, which “made her a Zionist even before Herzl's fascinating personality appeared”. Ten years later, on the occasion of Ida Goitein's 80th birthday, the Association of Jewish Women for Cultural Work in Palestine launched an appeal to set up a fund in her honor to raise funds to support a Jewish kindergarten in Palestine.

Gertrud Goitein

Gertrud (Gittel) Unna-Goitein (1876–1954) became the wife of the Mannheim rabbi Isak Unna . The couple, married since 1898, had five daughters and three sons, among them

Emma Goitein

Emma Goitein (1877–1968) became known as an artist under the name Emma Dessau-Goitein . She was married to the physicist Bernardo Dessau (1863-1949).

In January 1931 it appeared in Menorah magazine . Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur a short portrait of her that gives some clues about her career. At the time of the article, Emma Dessau-Goitein was living in Perugia and enjoying “great popularity as a painter” in Italy. She started out as a craftsperson and pursued her first “artistic studies in the portrait class at the school for female painters in her hometown of Karlsruhe”; later she attended the school for painting founded by Hubert von Herkomer in Bushey . In addition, she did further training herself, especially to perfect her manual skills. “No possibility of improvement remained unused, it was about the acquisition of new techniques, learning to woodcut, training by copying the old masters in the Munich Pinakothek , corrections by recognized German masters, and nude painting outdoors in Hans Lietzmann's nude school on Lake Garda . "

At the beginning of the 20th century, Dessau-Goitein discovered the bookplate for himself and “was very active in this field of cabaret”. At the same time, he produced oil paintings with titles such as mourning , autumn , motherhood or Talmudic students , and which found "very favorable reviews in the Italian and occasionally in the German press". Book reviews and translations of her were published in Der Israelit (see: Sources ), and there the following message appeared in September 1909 with reference to an event in Milan: “In the local art exhibition, the popular painter, Professor Emma Dessau-Goitein , is well known to the readers of the 'Israelit' through their occasional collaboration in the artistic and fictional fields, the Silver Medal for the artistic ex-libris she has exhibited. The artist, whose paintings have recently received increasing attention among art connoisseurs, was also awarded a gold medal at the art exhibition in Livorno . "

According to Rahel Wolff, however, “the high point of her work [..] is always her portrait work”. These include self-portraits as well as portraits of the chief rabbi of Florence, Samuel Hersch Margulies (1858–1922) and of Samuel Dessau, the former director of the Israelite Citizens' School in Fürth. In two portraits of two Italians, apparently created shortly before the article was published, Wolff recognized "modern portraits in the best sense of the word" and described them as the portent and beginning of a new era, "which brings Emma Dessau ever closer to the ideal of her youth and her whole life" .

The mineralogist Gabor Dessau (1907–1983) is the son of the Dessau-Goitein couple.

Hermann Goitein

No further information is available about Hermann Goitein (1879–1882).

Rahel Goitein

Rahel Goitein (1880–1963) has been married to the lawyer Elias (Eli) Straus, son of a banker and a mother from the Feuchtwanger family, since 1905 . Rahel and Eli Straus had five children:

  • Isabella (* 1909), married Emrich, economist;
  • Hannah (* 1912; † in Canada), married Strauss, teacher and psychologist;
  • Samuel (Peter) Friedrich (1914–1958), farmer in Israel ;
  • Gabriele (* 1915), married Rosenthal, child psychologist;
  • Ernst Gabor Straus (1922–1983), mathematics professor in Los Angeles , was married to Louise Miller since autumn 1944 and has two sons with her:
    • Daniel Straus (* 1954)
    • Paul Straus (* 1957)

Benedict Goitein

Benedikt (Beni), born in 1881, died half a year after his birth.

Ernst Elijah Goitein

Ernst Elijah Goitein (born November 4, 1882 - † May 26, 1915) fell as a lieutenant in the First World War .

The doctorate in law and senior man of the Association of Jewish Students 'Kadimah' Munich (in the KJV ) was a lawyer in Mannheim and lived in Palestine for six months from January 1914, where he worked in Jaffa in the Palestine Office . “But here, too, his great modesty stood in the way. He couldn't find an office over there that needed him; he found that everyone did his best and that he could do no more and no better. In addition to this opinion, as a trained, disciplined German civil servant, whom he was in terms of ability and education, he trusted himself more to administer what was already ordered than to building up and organizing what was becoming. "

In July 1914 he left Palestine and learned of the outbreak of war on the return journey in Constantinople . “He arrived in time to go to the Vosges as a Landwehrmann with the Army Heeringen .” In the same year he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion and the Silver Merit Medal on the ribbon of the military Karl Friedrich Merit Medal.

As one of the first Jewish lieutenants in the German army, Ernst Goitein commanded a company in the Carpathian Mountains after his deployment in the West , with which he was deployed on the Galician front against Russia. He was fatally wounded by a bullet during an assault near Stryj . In his honor, the Mannheim Zionist local group, of which Goitein had been chairman, decided to establish an Elija Goitein Foundation , which, as a later report in the Jüdische Rundschau shows, was affiliated with the Jewish National Fund . Another obituary for Elija Goitein comes from Arthur Ruppin , who became friends with him and in whose house he spent his last evening in Palestine.

The Elijahu-Menahem-Goitein Lineage

The descendants of Elijahu Menahem Goitein and his wife Amalie are:

Kalman Goitein

Kalman Goitein (1860-1905) was married to Elizabeth Barnett (1863-1940). Kalman Goitein is known as “K. Goitein-London ”mentioned as a delegate for the 5th Zionist Congress - next to his brother Jakob Löb Goitein, who lives in Frankfurt. Of the four children of the couple, one thing in particular appeared:

  • Edward Yehezkiel David (1900–1961), married to Ora Claire Moyal (1908–2006), was an author and journalist. He is the author of Wonderful tales of a wonderful people , published in London in 1923 , a book “for everyone young enough to enjoy a fairy tale or old enough to tell one,” as the author notes in the opening credits. It is a book whose narratives are loosely based on the Old Testament .
    As a journalist he wrote regularly for the Anglo-Jewish press about Jewish communities he visited in Europe and the Orient. In this context, his article The Holy City of Frankfurt appeared , a depiction of Jewish life in Frankfurt am Main in 1927, spiced with a lot of British humor.

Deer (Zvi) Goitein

Hirsch (Zvi) Goitein (* 1863 in Högyész; † August 29, 1903 in Copenhagen) was married to Jitti Abeles (* 1865). The marriage remained childless, which is why an obituary says: "If the dear who fell asleep did not receive a child's blessing, his name will still live on in his deeds."

Hirsch Goitein attended a rabbinical seminary from 1882 to 1892 and was ordained in Berlin in 1892. He also studied in Königsberg and wrote the dissertation published in 1890 with the title Optimism and Pessimism in the Jewish Philosophy of Religion . From 1892 to 1898 he was a rabbi in Náchod , then until 1903 in Copenhagen . Hirsch Goitein has left an extensive body of work, evidence of which can be found in WorldCat .

Probably in his aftermath or time, the series of articles, Thoughts on National Judaism and Zionism, was written for the Bohemian monthly Jüdische Chronik, which was not digitized in the compact memory . A detailed review in the journal Die Welt (see: Sources ) referred to this series of articles in January 1898 , in which he is certified to have "broken a lance for the existence of the Jewish nationality and in the interests of Zionism". This is evidenced by a detailed quotation from the series of articles in which Goitein stated that the Jews of all countries had the same religion, the same ancestry and the same history. Nevertheless, they would be denied being a nation, since they “speak the language of the population under which they live” and thus have no common language. He counters this: “Language is just the body for thoughts, and the community of ideas based on the shared religious and spiritual life binds more than the external community of language. At the time of the Second Temple the Jews in Palestine spoke Aramaic and those in Alexandria and Asia Minor Greek, and yet no one will deny that they felt and were regarded as a Jewish people. "

Half a year later, with reference to Goitein's previously cited writings , it says in the world : “Didn't Dr. Goitein, Rabbi of Copenhagen, [..] in the 3 articles Thoughts on National Jewry and Zionism with his keen critical thinking and his strictly philosophical training from the orthodox point of view [..] duly illuminated and irrefutably shown to all opponents of Zionism in the name of Judaism that they must not come with the Bible and not with the Talmud and not even with the everyday siddur against Zionism. It is truly the best that has been written about it and deserves to be given to every Zionist as a Vedemecum as a brochure. "

Eduard Ezekiel Goitein

Eduard Ezechiel Goitein (1864–1914) was married to Frida Braunschweiger. After the death of her husband, she moved to Frankfurt am Main and lived close to her brother-in-law Jacob Loeb Goitein. The Frankfurt Israelitisches Familienblatt reported her death at the age of 48 on March 5, 1920.

Eduard Ezechiel Goitein attended a yeshiva from 1879 to 1882 , then from 1884 to 1891 the grammar school in Breslau . From 1887 to 1891 he studied in Berlin and received his doctorate in Halle in 1891. His dissertation was entitled The Principle of Retaliation in Biblical and Talmudic Criminal Law . Parallel to his studies he attended a rabbinical seminary and was ordained in Berlin in 1892. His stations as rabbi were: 1890-1892 Náchod , 1892-1897 Marienbad and 1897-1914 Burgkunstadt ., Where he gave his inaugural sermon on January 9, 1897.

What Goitein's departure from Marienbad meant from a Zionist point of view is shown in an article in Der Israelit : “When a few years ago Dr. Goitein from Marienbad was called to Burgkunstadt, the law-abiding Jews deeply regretted his resignation. After a short time it became clear that the conservatives' fears were only justified. Under the effectiveness of the new rabbi, the organ was introduced and the doors and gates were opened for the so-called reforms. "

The children of Eduard Ezechiel and Frida Goitein are:

  • Hugo Goitein (1897–1977) - According to a note in the Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt dated July 25, 1919, he was still in English captivity at the time, from which he returned to Frankfurt in late autumn 1919. Since the beginning of the 1920s, Hugo Goitein's name has been in the city's address book instead of his mother's at her Frankfurt address; his occupation is given as businessman. Paul Arnsberg mentions him for 1938 as a resigned member of the community council, of which he was a member for the Jewish People's Party . At the community representatives meeting on September 6, 1938, the reason given for his departure was that he had emigrated.
  • Max Goitein (around 1897–1940)
  • Shlomo Dov Goitein (born April 3, 1900 in Burgkunstadt as Fritz Goitein, † February 6, 1985 in Princeton); In July 1929 he married Theresa Gottlieb (1899–1986) in Jerusalem, who, according to their daughter Ayala Gordon, was “the first professional teacher of rhythm, composed from Hebrew children's songs in Palestine”.
    • Ayala Gordon was the director and curator of the youth department of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem for many years . WorldCat provides information about their extensive journalistic work .
    • Eilon Goitein
    • Ofra Rosner

Benedek Goitein

No further information is available about Benedek Goitein (1865–1939).

Jacob Löb Goitein

Jacob Löb Goitein (born November 30, 1867 - † October 12, 1939 in Haifa ). His wife Berta was born Abraham (* 1867 in Windesheim - † March 28, 1946 in Ramat Gan ). The marriage between the two of them in 1893 resulted in five children, all of whom were born in Frankfurt am Main:

  • Harry Goitein (1893–1916) celebrated his bar mitzvah at the end of 1906 , which prompted his maternal grandparents, the Abraham family, to donate an olive tree for the Herzl forest in his honor . At the beginning of 1911 he was mentioned as a co-speaker in a history lecture before the Zionist youth group in Frankfurt : From the loss of state independence to his return from exile in Baylon. After Paul Arnsberg, he probably went to the First World War as a volunteer. The “stud. hist. Harry Goitein ”fell on September 17, 1916 near Amiens . Apparently in his memory a Harry Goitein garden was laid out as part of the Herzl Forest . In the years that followed, this garden was repeatedly the recipient of donations, both from family and friends and family members.
  • Max Goitein (born February 5, 1895 - † December 22, 1968 in Pleasantville (New York) ), who celebrated his bar mitzvah in the Börneplatz synagogue at the beginning of 1908 , was also a soldier in World War I and then worked in an international metal and raw materials business . In the 1920s he moved to Prague and married the opera singer Thea Klein (née Abbot; 1900–1945). The couple emigrated to Palestine in 1939 and settled in Ramat Gan . There they founded a factory for dental drills with a Czech partner. A few years after the death of his wife, Max Goitein married the US native (Helena; 1898–1977), a speech therapist, and moved to the USA with her. Both of Max Goitein's marriages remained childless.
  • Sittah Goitein (born July 9, 1896 - † 1986 in Haifa) attended the art school in Frankfurt after graduating from high school, a predecessor of today's Städelschule . Sittah, for whose names there are different spellings, already appeared artistically as a child. In December 1906 she, who was also a student of the Hebrew Language Association, recited a Hebrew text by Chaim Nachman Bialik at the Hanukkah celebration of the Frankfurt Zionist Association . In 1911 she gave a musical lecture at a Hanukkah celebration, and a year later she accompanied vocal performances on the piano. Following the Zionist family tradition, she also belonged to the Frankfurt Zionist youth group and appeared there with lectures on Jizchok Leib Perez (1915) and Bialik (1916). In December 1922, Sitta Goitein was presented as a student of the painter Hermann Lismann in the Frankfurt Israelitisches Familienblatt . In an article about an exhibition in which besides Lismann's works also some of her were shown, it says about her: “With Sittah Goitein everything is shifted into the human-emotional; despite youth, no metaphysics and no eccentric dogma. Different types of art can be heard, you can see that there was a wide variety of searches and various struggles for design. [..] In all: an artist who, with sufficient self-discipline, will affect and shape her inner diversity and can only grow. ”In 1924 she married Fritz Millner (born March 30, 1898 in Würzburg - March 1963 in Haifa). That was probably the end of her artistic career, because Ayala Gordon says in this context: “Unfortunately, after her marriage to Fritz Millner in 1924, she exchanged her artistic talent for domestic activities. [..] In her free time, she painted in oils, pastels and watercolors, and above all in abstract subjects, until the end of her life. ”The Millner couple had two sons:


    • Harry Millner (1925-2009). He is introduced to Gordon as the firstborn and is married to Margalit (Grietje Isaac; * 1923 in Amsterdam). The couple joined the company co-founded by Fritz Millner and had a daughter.
      • Doris Deborah Millner (* 1958 in Haifa), married to Ron Cohen since 1984. The two lived and worked in Haifa, where Ron was Dutch Honorary Consul, at the time Gordon's book was being completed. The couple has two children:
        • Netta Cohen (1985) and
        • Erez Cohen (1988).
    • Uri Millner (* 1929 in Frankfurt; † 1948). He fell in the War of Independence near Latrun . He had attended high school in Haifa, was active in the Hagana and worked as a policeman in the British police force before the War of Independence.
  • Irma Rachel Goitein (born May 17, 1899 - † 1989 in Haifa). She studied history and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt am Main and received her doctorate with a thesis on Moses Hess : Problems of Society and the State with Moses Hess . She came to Palestine in 1933.
  • Dorle Goitein (1905–1998) and her husband Zvi (Freilich) Efrat (1903–1961).
    Dorle's full first name is Theodora - based on Theodor Herzl's first name, who died a few months before Dorle's birth. As a member of Blau-Weiss , she completed an agricultural training at the Markenhof and, together with her husband, was one of the founders of the Beit Zera kibbutz.
    The couple had three children:
    • Uzi Efrat was born in En Charod hospital shortly after Beit zera was founded . He was followed by twins in 1931:
    • Judith (Yehudat) Efrat (born December 5, 1931) Judith's husband is Shlomo Oren, with whom she has four children:
      • Hagar Oren (* 1952), who lives in Beit Zera and takes care of the kibbutz archive there. Her marriage to Audi Ashkenazi had three children:
        • Hadas Ashkenazi (* 1982)
        • Shaked Ashkenazi (* 1984)
          Shaked Ashkenazi took part in a memorial evening for the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp on January 27, 2020 in Freiburg, which also focused on the memory of the Jewish history of the Markenhof. Shaked Ashkenazi grew up in Beit Zera , where she lived until she was 20 years old. She then studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot and then went to Oxford as a postdoctoral fellow, where she has been researching as a biologist since 2018.
        • Dafina Ashkenazi (* 1988)
      • Noga Oren (* 1954)
      • Rachel Oren (* 1958)
      • Civia Oren (* 1964)
    • Amos Efrat (born December 5, 1931, † 1996)

Bernard Yerachmiel Dov Goitein

Bernard Yerachmiel Dov Goitein (1871–1947) - In an obituary for Amalie Goitein he is called her son “Dr. Bernard Goitein in London ”mentioned. He was probably a doctor and that “Herr cand. Med. Bernhard Goitein ”, who gave a“ Lecture on Religion and Zionism ”on December 5, 1897 in Vienna.

Bernard Goitein was married to Millie Snowman (1881-1956). The couple had three children, one of whom Anglicised his name:

  • David Galton (born March 1, 1922 - † January 2007) was originally called David Abraham 'Jimmy' Goitein and was one of the most important pioneers in the development of a successful treatment for adult patients with leukemia or lymphoma .

Joseph Solomon Goitein

Joseph Solomon (Shlomo) Goitein (1880–1944) was the fourth and last generation of the rabbi of Hőgyész. His first marriage was to Perl Rosenbaum (1875–1918). From this marriage there were eight children. The second marriage to Margit Malka Rozenberg (1902-1844) remained childless. The two were murdered in Auschwitz.

Lea Goitein

Lea Gotein (1878–1966) was married to Rabbi Jizchak Michael Duschinsky (1871–1939).

Individual biographies

Fritz Millner

Fritz Millner (born March 30, 1898 in Würzburg - March 1963 in Haifa), married to Jacob Löb Goitein's daughter Sittah, was a member of the Jewish Wanderbund Blau-Weiß , of which he was part of the Frankfurt board of directors, and of the Cartel of Jewish Associations (KJV), both Zionist organizations. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Frankfurt and was established in 1921 with a dissertation on social trends of Consumer Cooperatives to Dr. Phil. PhD. Professionally, he became a chartered accountant and antitrust expert and, after emigrating to Palestine, founded the auditing company Bawly Millner & Co (also: Bayly Millner & Co) together with a partner during his mandate .

In Frankfurt, Millner, like his father-in-law, was active in various Zionist organizations. From 1924 at the latest he was a member of the board of the Frankfurt local branch of the Zionist Association for Germany and is also mentioned by Arnsberg as a board member for 1932/33. In the same year he also sat on the board of directors of the Hebrew language school run by the Zionist Association .

It is unclear when the Millner family emigrated to Palestine. In the already mentioned Biographical Database Jewish Lower Franconia reference is made to “before 1937”, while Ayala Gordon's book states that he was one of the founders of Aliya Chadasha and Irgun Oleij Merkas Europa (in German: Association of Israelis of Central European Origin) . This was founded in Palestine in 1932, and Millner should have been there as a founding member. Gordon mentions 1933 as the year of immigration, which is more in line with the activities in Frankfurt in 1932/33 mentioned by Arnsberg.

In addition to the aforementioned dissertation, the catalog of the German National Library lists another work by Fritz Millner, which he published under the name SS Millner in 1958: the volume of poems I was looking for a grave . After his death in 1966 another volume of poems by him appeared posthumously: The street has no end

swell

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the Beit Hatfutsot Database (see: Sources ) the dates are 1771–1841.
  2. ↑ In English, the title is with Choice Silver ( Select Silver reproduced). ( Norman A. Stillman: Introduction in Studies in Islamic History and Institutions by SD Goitein )
  3. ↑ A reprint of the title page of the work, which has apparently never been translated into German, is available online: Reprint of the title page by Kesef Nibḥar .
  4. ^ A b Gotthard Deutsch, A. Rhine: GOITEIN, BARUCH (BENEDIT) , in: Jewish Encyclopedia
  5. ↑ Beit Hatefutsot: Zilberer, wife of Baruch Bendit Goitein
  6. ↑ Beit Hatefutsot: The marriage of Baruch Goitein and Bele Zilber
  7. ↑ Beit Hatefutsot: The marriage of Baruch Goitein and Hindl Kasi
  8. ^ German biography: Goitein, Hermann (Hermann Zwi Hirsch Goitein) &
  9. ^ A b German biography: Straus, Rahel, née Goitein
  10. ↑ Rahel Straus: We lived in Germany , p. 22
  11. ^ Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg - Documentation of Jewish gravestones in Baden-Württemberg: Gabor Goitein
  12. ↑ For an overview of all descendants of the Goitein-Teller couple, see: Beit Hatfutsot Databases: Zvi Hirsch Goitein Family
  13. ↑ encyclopedia.com: The Baneth Family
  14. ↑ a b Gábor Lengyel: Modern Rabbi Training in Germany and Hungary , p. 225
  15. ↑ In the Beit Hatfutsot database , the year of birth is 1840 and the year of death 1924.
  16. ↑ An article in Der Israelit gives an insight into his erudition , in which he deals with the edition of some Jewish works in Hebrew and German ( Der Israelit , vol. 5 (1864), issue 19 of May 11, 1864, p . 249-250 )
  17. ↑ Der Israelit , vol. 2 (1861), issue 23 of June 5, 1861, p. 279 . In the years that followed, this magazine kept bringing benevolent articles about the work of Elias Goitein.
  18. ↑ Henriette Goitein's obituary in Der Israelit , vol. 72 (1931), issue 44 of October 29, 1931, p. 12
  19. ^ Jüdische Rundschau , XXIII. Vol. (1918), Issue 12 of March 22, 1918, pp. 93-94
  20. ^ Jüdische Rundschau , XXXIII. Vol. (1928), issue 16 of February 24, 1928, p. 116
  21. ↑ The reparation files of the Unna family from the period after 1945 that are not evaluated here are in the Baden-Württemberg State Archives - General State Archives Karlsruhe .
  22. ^ Ivonne Meybohm: Education for Zionism. The Jewish Wanderbund Blau-Weiß as an attempt to implement the program of the Jewish Renaissance in practice , Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-58481-1 , p. 11, note 18
  23. ↑ There is an article about her in the Italian WIKIPEDIA: it: Emma Goitein Dessau
  24. ↑ a b c d e Rahel Wolff: "Emma Dessau-Goitein , in: Menorah. Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur , Vol. 9 (1931), Issue 1–2 (January 1931), pp. 89–90
  25. ↑ Der Israelit , vol. 50 (1909), issue 37 from September 15, 1909, p. 10
  26. ^ Austrian Biographical Lexicon: Margulies, Samuel Hersch (1858-1922), rabbi and Hebrew
  27. ↑ Alemannia Judaica: On the death of Dr. Samuel Dessau in Schweinfurt, former director of the Israelite Citizens' School in Fürth
  28. ↑ See the chapter Father's Family in Rahel Straus: We Lived in Germany , p. 122 ff. For more on Elias Straus and his family, see Susanne Rieger, Gerhard Jochem: Das Ehepaar Dr. Elias and Dr. Rahel Straus, b. Goitein, Munich (PDF; 97 kB), RiJo Research, May 26, 2006, accessed on June 12, 2020
  29. ↑ Your birth announcement appeared on June 18, 1909 in the Jüdische Rundschau ( Jüdische Rundschau , XIV. Jg. (1909), Issue 25 of June 18, 1909, p. 291 )
  30. ↑ Birth announcement for Gabriele Straus , Jüdische Rundschau , XX. Vol. (1915), issue 50 of December 10, 1915, p. 415
  31. ^ School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St Andrews (Scotland): Biography Ernst Gabor Straus
  32. ^ Commemorative book of the Reich Association of Jewish Front Soldiers (RjF) & Ernst Goitein's personal file in the Baden-Württemberg State Archives - General State Archives Karlsruhe
  33. ^ Jüdische Rundschau , XX. Vol. (1915), issue 25 of June 18, 1915, p. 203
  34. ↑ a b Obituary for Ernst Goitein , The Jewish Student. Journal of the Kartell Jüdischerverbindungen , vol. 12 (1915–1916), issue 4 of October 13, 1915, pp. 98–99
  35. ↑ a b Obituary for Ernst Goitein , Jüdische Rundschau , XX. Vol. (1915), issue 28 of July 9, 1915, p. 1
  36. ^ Evidence in the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
  37. ^ Obituary for Elija Goitein , Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt , 13th vol. (1915), Issue 24 of June 25, 1915 p. 2
  38. ^ Jüdische Rundschau , XX. Vol. (1915), Issue 37, September 9, 1915, p. 300
  39. ↑ The year of birth comes from the Beit Hatfutsot database (see: Sources ); there are also sources that date his year of birth to 1869.
  40. ^ Die Welt , 5th vol. (1901), No. 51 of December 20, 1901, p. 5
  41. ↑ Downloadable full text of Wonderful tales of a wonderful people
  42. ↑ Full text in: The B'nai B'rith magazine. The National Jewish Monthly , Vol. 41 (1927), No. 9 of June 1927, pp. 375 ff.
  43. ^ Supplement to the Frankfurter Israelitischen Familienblatt, vol. 1, 1902-1903, issue 44 of September 4, 1903
  44. ^ Hirsch Goitein in the catalog of the DNB & Gábor Lengyel: Modern Rabbi Training in Germany and Hungary , p. 226
  45. ↑ Web link to Hirsch Goitein in WorldCat
  46. ↑ DIGITAL PUBLIC LIBRARY OF AMERICA: Jewish Chronicle: Monthly
  47. ↑ Die Welt , 2nd volume (1898), No. 4 of January 28, 1898, p. 13
  48. ↑ Die Welt , Volume 2 (1898), No. 29 of July 22, 1898, p. 15
  49. ↑ An obituary for him appeared in Der Israelit , vol. 44 (1903), issue 70 of September 3, 1903, p. 1543
  50. ↑ a b Source: Historic address books of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  51. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt (New Jewish Press), Volume 18 (1920), Issue 9 of March 5, 1920, p. 4
  52. ↑ References to the book can be found in WorldCat .
  53. ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums , vol. 61 (1897), issue 4 of January 22, 1897, p. 3
  54. ↑ Der Israelit , vol. 43 (1902), issue 38 of May 12, 1902, p. 819
  55. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitischen Familienblatt (New Jewish Press), 17th vol. (1919), Issue 29 of July 25, 1919, p. 5
  56. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt (New Jewish Press), 17th vol. (1919), Issue 46 of November 28, 1919, p. 4
  57. ^ Paul Arnsberg, Volume I, p. 901
  58. ↑ The quote is the title of Ayala Gordon's book in WorldCat . Further sources: Tom Segev : Eilon Goitein and Ayala Gordon, keep their father, historian Shelomo Dov Goitein's personal papers 26 years after death, find letters from 1929 , in: Haaretz , October 14, 2011 & A Tribute to Shelomo Dov Goitein
  59. ↑ Ruth Markus: Artists: Yishuv and Israel: 1920-1970 , in: Jewish Women's Archive
  60. ^ Obituary to Shlomo Dov Goitein , The New York Times, February 10, 1985
  61. ↑ The year of the marriage results from a note in the Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt , in which the Goitein couple thank them for the attentions given to them on the occasion of their silver wedding. ( Frankfurter Israelitischen Familienblatt , vol. 16 (1918), issue 3 of January 18, 1918, p. 6). A donation notification in Der Israelit of April 27, 1893 ( Der Israelit , vol. 34 (1893), issue 34 of April 27, 1893, p. 98 ) refers directly to the wedding year 1893
  62. ^ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 4 (1906), issue 50 of December 28, 1906, p. 10
  63. ^ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 9 (1911), issue 1 of January 6, 1911, p. 10
  64. ^ Paul Arnsberg, Volume I, p. 755
  65. ↑ Harry Goitein obituary , Jüdische Rundschau , XXI. Vol. (1916), issue 40 of October 6, 1916, p. 339
  66. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 6 (1908), No. 3 of January 17, 1908, p. 5
  67. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, issue 47 of December 7, 1906, p. 11 (advance notice for the Hanukkah celebration on December 16, 1906)
  68. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 9 (1911), issue 50 of December 22, 1911, p. 10
  69. ↑ Supplement to No. 49 of the Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt dated December 13, 1912 (no page number)
  70. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 13 (1915, issue 44 of November 12, 1915), p. 4
  71. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt, vol. 14 (1916), issue 13 of March 31, 1916, p. 3
  72. ↑ Frankfurter Israelitisches Familienblatt (New Jewish Press), Vol. 20 (1922), Issue 35 of December 15, 1922, pp. 3-4
  73. ^ Biographical database of Jewish Lower Franconia: Fritz Millner .
  74. ↑ Irma Goitein: Problems of society and the state with Moses Hess. A contribution on the topic of Hess and Marx with previously unpublished source material , CL Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1931. A review of the work appeared in Der Israelit , vol. 73 (1932), issue 33 of August 11, 1932, p. 4
  75. ↑ Anja Bochtler: When Zionism offered Jews in Freiburg Perspektiven , Badische Zeitung , January 28, 2020 & Shaked Ashkenazi - Junior Research Fellow at Sir William Dunn School of Pathology & Prestigious Newton International Fellowship awarded to postdoc Shaked Ashkenazi
  76. ↑ ( Der Israelit , vol. 68 (1927), issue 9 of March 3, 1927, p. 6 )
  77. ↑ Dr. Bloch's oesterreichische Wochenschrift , vol. 14 (1897), No. 50 of December 10, 1897, p. 1013
  78. ^ Obituary for David Galton , January 18, 2007
  79. ↑ After Beit Hatfutsot is his birth year 1879th
  80. ^ Yad Vashem: Central database of the names of the Holocaust victims
  81. ^ Gábor Lengyel: Modern Rabbi Training in Germany and Hungary , p. 212
  82. ^ Paul Arnsberg, Volume II, p. 51
  83. ^ Fritz Millner: Social development tendencies of the consumer cooperatives , Philosophical dissertation, Heidelberg 1921
  84. ↑ The fact that he leaned towards left-wing positions is also shown by the fact that the magazine Der Funke , the organ of the International Socialist Combat League, in its issue of April 24, 1932, under the heading Broadcasts, which we recommend for attention, on a lecture Millner on the cartel system drew attention.
  85. ↑ According to Elsevier Science Direct , the company, now trading as Horwath Bavly Millner & Co., was 1986 “one of the larger firms of Certified Public Accountants in Israel”.
  86. ^ Paul Arnsberg, Volume II, p. 47
  87. ^ Paul Arnsberg, Volume II, p. 72
  88. ↑ In connection with her research project on Richard Lichtheim , Andrea Kirchner describes Aliya Chadasha as a moderate party operating in Palestine, "which rejected the idea of ​​a sovereign Jewish nation-state and instead favored continued cooperation with the British mandate". ( By Konstantin Opel to Geneva. Richard Lichtheim (. Approaching a political biography 1885-1963) ) on the side of the Israel Democracy Institute is Aliya Chadasha with New Immigration translated, so New immigration . In 1948 the movement merged two Zionist organizations to form the Progressive Party , which is described as social-liberal.
  89. ↑ Speech by the chairman of the Presidium, Reuven Merhav, on the 75th anniversary of the Fifth Aliyah and the Irgun , held at the Center for the Arts in Herzlija on Monday, October 29, 2007.
  90. ^ SS Millner: I was looking for a grave , Die Arche publishing house, Zurich 1958
  91. ^ Fritz S. Millner: The street has no end , Die Arche publishing house, Zurich 1966
  92. ^ "The history of the Goiten family was initiated by Meriam Haringman and Ayala Gordon. Each family, all of whom are offspring of Eliyahu Menahem Goiten, participated by writing and telling the particular story of their branch. "