Goldbichl
| Goldbichl | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Goldbichl from the southwest |
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| height | 1064 m above sea level A. | |
| location | In the south of Innsbruck / Tyrol | |
| Mountains | Tux Alps | |
| Dominance | 0.18 km → Patscherkofel | |
| Notch height | 41 m ↓ Römerstrasse | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 12 '57 " N , 11 ° 25' 9" E | |
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| rock | Quartz phyllite | |
| Development | Archaeological educational trail | |
| particularities | Archaeological site | |
The Goldbichl (also Goldbühel ) is a 1064 m high hill in the south of the Tyrolean capital Innsbruck , which has gained importance as an archaeological site. Finds indicate that a nationally important Bronze Age cult site was located here, which was used as a sacred mountain, especially for burn victims . The facilities were also used and expanded in the Rhaetian times until they were destroyed in Roman times .
Topography and geology
The Goldbichl rises south of the Innsbruck cadastral community of Igls on the northwest slope of the 2246 m high Patscherkofel . It is right at the confluence of the Wipptal and the Inn Valley and also offers a good view of the Stubai Valley . This central location explains the strategic and geographical importance of the hill, which at first glance seems inconspicuous. The Goldbichl only protrudes approx. 50 m from the Ice Age terraces of the Inn Valley, which in Tyrol are known as the low mountain range . The hill itself consists of quartz phyllite , but on the flat northeast side it also consists of moraine rubble that comes from the Ice Age glaciers of the Wipp and Stubai valleys.
The Goldbichl is completely forested. Today's highest point is not of natural origin; the top seven meters of the hill were artificially raised on the originally flatter summit plateau in the Iron Age. This plateau slopes gently to the north, where the rock material removed by the glaciers on the south side was deposited again. In all other directions, where the glaciers collided during the Ice Age, it is bordered by steep slopes. On the south-eastern slope there are also some rock walls up to 15 m high, which are used as a climbing garden .
Immediately to the south and east of the Goldbichl, the road runs between the villages of Patsch and Lans ("Römerstraße"), and to the west is the road to Igls, so that the Goldbichl is surrounded on three sides by roads.
etymology
The name Goldbichl is not derived from gold, but very likely from "Galt", which is pronounced the same in the Tyrolean dialect. Galtvieh are young cattle and suckler cows that give no milk and have grazed here. Bichl is the Bavarian name for hill .
Archaeological finds
Stone age
The oldest find on Goldbichl is an arrowhead made of flint from the Neolithic period . Like that of Ötzi, it comes from the Monti Lessini north of Verona and thus proves that trade was carried out over long distances here even then.
Bronze age
The Goldbichl obviously acquired great importance in the early Bronze Age around 4,000 years ago. At that time, large sacrificial fires were burned here on an altar made of clay and stone, which was constantly growing upwards, which were visible from afar in the surroundings of the Wipp, Inn and Stubai valleys. At that time, burnt offerings were just as much a part of cultural life as cremations . Mainly sheep and goats, but also cattle and pigs, were sacrificed here. Unrelated finds prove the supraregional importance of this cult site. A rampart was built later, which crossed the hill in a west-east direction. It separated the sacred area around the sacrificial hill from the secular structures, mainly terraces with houses and gardens, on the north side outside. These terraces and a driveway are still recognizable today. There is also a grave of a young woman who was buried here after her cremation. In addition to the burnt remains of bones, ceramic pieces and a broken loom weight were also found as grave goods. The location of the grave within the ramparts suggests that it could have been a priestess. The Bronze Age sacrificial site existed until the 16th century BC. Chr.
Iron age
In the Iron Age , the Goldbichl experienced from around 600 BC. A second great bloom by the Raetians . For example, they greatly expanded the wall and fortified it with palisades . The sacrificial hill was also greatly expanded during this time and piled up about seven meters high in a pyramid shape. At this time, the sacrificial fires were often framed by sports competitions such as fistfights. From the south-west side of the hill, where the Raetians built their houses, they built a 40 m long steep ramp up to the summit, which runs exactly in the direction of the sunrise on the summer solstice . Large processions up to the sanctuary took place over this ramp. Other settlements of the time can be found at Goarmbichl near Vill.
In the period between 100 and 15 BC When the Romans conquered the Alpine region, all the facilities were destroyed.
History of exploration and development
As early as 1938 to 1939, the Goldbichl was examined by the prehistorian and then National Socialist Minister of Education, Oswald Menghin , who, however, wrongly interpreted the finds as a step-like settlement from the late Iron Age. From 1995, new excavations were carried out by the Goldbichl Association and the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Innsbruck . After the preliminary end of the excavation work, an archaeological educational trail was set up here in 2006 , which leads in about 15 minutes over the northeast side to the summit. Some finds and a model of the facility can be viewed today at the Igls tourist office.
Web links
- Siegfried Nicolussi Castellan: Goldbichl-A burnt offering place in the heart of the Alps. Goldbichl Association, accessed on September 20, 2008 .
- Gerhard Tomedi, Siegfried Nicolussi Castellan, Heinz Müller: Goldbichl. Siegfried Nicolussi Castellan, accessed September 20, 2008 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.tirol.at/at/guide/146619sy,de,SCH1/objectId,SPF812262at,_area,771525,_lang,de,curr,EUR,parentId,RGN126145at,season,at1,selectedEntry,sport/intern .html
- ↑ Scherer / Wiedmann: Climbing Gardens Tyrol . Ed .: Otti Wiedmann. 4th edition. Innsbruck 2003, ISBN 978-3-9803093-5-6 , pp. 18-19 .
- ↑ The legendary cult place at Goldbichl in Igls on innsbruck.info
- ↑ The Hedgehog , Issue No. 6 | September 2008, p. 8 (Official notifications of the Igls subcommittee)