Johann Gottfried Tulla

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Johann Gottfried Tulla, contemporary representation as a knight of the Legion of Honor

Johann Gottfried Tulla (born March 20, 1770 in Karlsruhe , † March 27, 1828 in Paris ) was an engineer from Baden .

Tulla carried out the straightening of the Rhine in the 19th century . His measures gave the Upper Rhine a completely new look. For example, the river bed was narrowed, straightened and deepened to 200-250 m, dams were built and the shape was reinforced. This should protect the settlement areas from the frequent flooding and gain new settlement areas. Furthermore, the aim was to improve navigability and reduce the rampant diseases (including malaria , known at the time as "marsh fever").

He was one of the founders of the engineering school from which today's Karlsruhe Institute of Technology emerged .

life and work

Tulla was born in Karlsruhe in 1770 and grew up in Remchingen for six years as the son of a pastor. The Tulla family has Dutch ancestry. Tulla received an apprenticeship from Karl Christian von Langsdorf from 1792 to 1794 . In 1795 he began to study chemistry and mineralogy in Freiberg in Saxony . He was then accepted into the civil service in Baden. In 1801 further training followed in Paris, which ended a year later when he was called back to Karlsruhe. There he was appointed captain in 1803. From 1807 he worked on the regulation of the Linth in Switzerland . In the same year he participated in the establishment of the engineering school, the predecessor institute of the University of Karlsruhe, today: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). He was promoted several times in the following years, so in 1809 to major and in 1814 to lieutenant colonel. In 1817 he was appointed head of the senior management of water and road construction. In this role he drew up the plans according to which the Dreisam in Freiburg was straightened in the years 1817 to 1842 and thus made many new agricultural areas usable. His greatest engineering achievement were the plans for straightening the Rhine , which he had presented since 1809. He also had the political power of persuasion to convince the neighboring countries of the advantages.

Tulla died of complications from malaria . He was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery in Paris. His tombstone shows the "Altriper Eck", one of the technically most difficult sections of straightening the Rhine near the Palatinate village of Altrip south of Mannheim . He is listed there under his French first name Jean for Johann and Godefroy for Gottfried. His grave can be found in the cemetery on avenue Berlioz in section 26, first grave line, grave number 45.

Honors

In France, Tulla was made an officer of the Legion of Honor in 1827 . Numerous towns and communities along the Rhine named streets after him, and several schools and halls also bear the name Tulla. A memorial stone, the Tulladenkmal , stands on the Rhine near Karlsruhe between the Rhine port and Maxau . In Breisach , the Tullaturm was built in 1874 in honor of Tulla on the area of ​​the former castle and palace complex on the north side of the Münsterberg .

Works

  • Chart over the Grand Duchy of Baden. 1812.
  • The principles according to which the Rhine construction work should be carried out in the future. 1. Memorandum, 1812.
  • The principles according to which the Rhine construction work should be carried out in the future. 2. Memorandum, 1822, 88 pages; Digitized version of the Badische Landesbibliothek (BLB).
  • About the rectification of the Rhine, from its exit from Switzerland to its entry into the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 3rd Memorandum, 1825, 83 pages; Digital version (PDF; 39 MB) of the Karlsruhe University Library .

Literature (selection)

  • David Blackbourn : The Conquest of Nature - A History of the German Landscape . Translated from the English by Udo Rennert. 1st edition: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-421-05958-1 ; 2nd edition: Pantheon, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-570-55063-2 ; on Tulla: p. 105 ff.
  • Heinrich Cassinone: Johann Gottfried Tulla, the founder of the water and road construction administration in Baden . C. F. Müller, Karlsruhe 1929.
  • Eberhard Henze: Technology and humanity. Johann Gottfried Tulla . Quadrate-Buchhandlung, Mannheim 1989, 38 pages, ISBN 978-3-924704-16-2 .
  • Clemens Kieser: "No river or river needs several arms". Monuments commemorating Johann Gottfried Tulla, the “tamer of the wild Rhine”. In: monuments in Baden-Wuerttemberg , 32. Jg, 2003, No. 3, pp 231-234. Digitalisat the Heidelberg University Library .
  • Franz Littmann: Johann Gottfried Tulla and the history of the correction of the Rhine . JS Klotz Verlagshaus, Neulingen 2020, ISBN 978-3-948424-57-2 .
  • Emil Mosonyi (Ed.): Johann Gottfried Tulla. Speeches and lectures at the commemoration and international symposium on river regulation on the occasion of the 200th birthday . Theodor Rehbock River Laboratory, Karlsruhe 1970.
  • Norbert Rösch: The straightening of the Rhine by Johann Gottfried Tulla . In: zfv - Journal for Geodesy, Geoinformation and Land Management , 2009, Issue 4, ISSN  1618-8950 , pp. 242–248.
  • Philipp Jakob Scheffel: Nekrolog on Johann Gottfried Tulla . G. Braun Hofdruckerei, Karlsruhe 1830, Digitalisat of UB Freiburg .
  • Arthur Valdenaire : Tulla . Braun, Karlsruhe 1928.
  • Arthur Valdenaire: The life and work of Johann Gottfried Tulla. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins (ZGORh), 81st year, 1929, pp. 337–364, p. 588.
  • Nicole Zerrath, Rainer Boos, Iris Baumgärtner: About the life of the hydraulic engineer and scholar Johann Gottfried Tulla. (= Contributions to the history of the city , Volume 4.) Edited by the Rastatt City Museum. Brochure for the exhibition from July 23, 2015 to February 28, 2016, with many illustrations, full text online.
  • Hans Georg Zier: Johann Gottfried Tulla. A picture of life. In: Badische Heimat , Vol. 50, 1970, Issue 4, pp. 379-465, ( PDF; 3.34 MB ).

exhibition

  • "... and I also like to contribute something to teach others." About the life of the hydraulic engineer and scholar Johann Gottfried Tulla. Rastatt City Museum, July 23, 2015 - February 28, 2016.

Movie

  • The river builder - How Tulla straightened the Rhine. Docu-drama with expert interviews, Germany, 2020, 89:30 min., Book: Peter Bardehle , Marc Ottiker, Christian Stiefenhofer, director: Peter Bardehle, director of the game scenes: Christian Stiefenhofer, production: arte , SWR , first broadcast: August 15 2020 at arte, table of contents by ARD , online video available until November 12, 2020. U. a. with Steffen Schroeder as Tulla. (Diary entries, engineering training through European trips, aftermath.) Discussion:.

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Gottfried Tulla  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Johann Gottfried Tulla  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ New Nekrolog der Deutschen , 6th year, 1830, p. 230, digitized in the Google book search.
  2. ↑ Film content: The river builder - How Tulla straightened the Rhine. In: arte  / ARD , August 15, 2020.
  3. ↑ Hans Georg Zier: Johann Gottfried Tulla. A picture of life. In: Badische Heimat , vol. 50, 1970, issue 4, p. 380, (PDF; 3.34 MB).
  4. ↑ Iso Himmelsbach: Bach tee . Of streams and canals in Freiburg im Breisgau . Iso Himmelsbach, Freiburg / Br. 2005, ISBN 3-00-017055-3 , p. 39.
  5. ↑ Grave photos: Johann Gottfried (Jean Godefroy) Tulla. In: knerger.de
  6. ↑ map image. In: State Office for Geoinformation and Land Development (LGL).
  7. ↑ a b Special exhibition: "... and I also like to contribute something to educate others." About the life of the hydraulic engineer and scholar Johann Gottfried Tulla. In: City of Rastatt , 2015.
  8. ↑ Ursula Scheer: Film about river engineer Tulla. Its Rhine belongs to all of us. In: FAZ , August 15, 2020, with a preview.
personal data
SURNAME Tulla, Johann Gottfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baden engineer
DATE OF BIRTH March 20, 1770
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 1828
Place of death Paris