Green-bellied Amazilie

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Green-bellied Amazilie
Green-bellied Amazilie (Amazilia viridigaster) (lithograph by Henry Constantine Richter after a drawing by John Gould, 1860)

Green-bellied Amazilie ( Amazilia viridigaster )
(lithograph by Henry Constantine Richter after a drawing by John Gould , 1860)

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Green-bellied Amazilie
Scientific name
Amazilia viridigaster
( Bourcier , 1843)

The green-bellied amazily ( Amazilia viridigaster ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Brazil , Guyana , Venezuela and Colombia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

With a body weight of only approx. 3.8 g, the green-bellied amazily reaches a body length of approx. 8.9 to 9.4 cm, whereby the straight beak is 1.8 cm long. The lower bill is predominantly pale pink. The upper side has a predominantly green shine, but merges into a more brownish yellowish brown in the back area, rump and upper tail-coverts. The underside shimmers green. The under tail covers are cinnamon colored. The slightly forked tail is copper-colored purple, but appears blackish in the wild.

behavior

Like most species of amazil, green-bellied amazilos are very belligerent and territorial . Most of the time they are on their own looking for food and fly to small areas with low shrubs, vines or herbs at the roadside. Occasionally they gather together with other hummingbirds on smaller flowering trees, such as inga , coral trees ( Erythrina ) or the genus Quararibea, which belongs to the wool tree family . Here they behave more aggressively.

Vocalizations

Her singing sounds graceful and is almost a copy of the song of the Kupferbürzelamazilie ( Amazilia tobaci ( Gmelin , 1788)). Her call sounds like a high, thin, waving di-de-tit , with the last note sounding significantly higher. These tones are occasionally repeated several times in rapid succession. They trill this song in numerous variations.

Reproduction

Melbourne Armstrong Carriker observed five green-bellied amacillas in breeding mood near Cúcuta in October 1947 . In the period from December 1962 to January 1963, Father Antonio Olivares Celis (1917–1975) observed six nests of the green-bellied amazily in the eastern Andes of the Departamento de Boyacá . On February 21, 1970 David William Snow and Barbara Kathleen Snow discovered a nest of the subspecies A. v. On the Moco Moco River in the Kanuku Mountains in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo region . cupreicauda . There were two chicks in the nest . The nest was in a small tree that grew out of a rocky crevice near a waterfall. The nest was built at a height of about 3 meters between two thin twigs at the end of a branch and was fixed with cobwebs. The cup-shaped nest had an inner diameter of 33 mm, was 14 mm deep and the total depth was 28 mm. It consisted mostly of a thick layer of moss and cobwebs and some lichen decoration.

Subspecies

Subspecies A. v. cupreicauda
(lithograph by Henry Constantine Richter after a drawing by John Gould , 1880)
Distribution area (green) of the green-bellied amazilie

There are six known subspecies:

  • Amazilia viridigaster viridigaster ( Bourcier , 1843) - The nominate form is common in north-central Colombia.
  • Amazilia viridigaster iodura ( Reichenbach , 1854) - This subspecies occurs in western Venezuela.
  • Amazilia viridigaster duidae ( Chapman , 1929) - This subspecies is common on Mount Duida in southern Venezuela.
  • Amazilia viridigaster cupreicauda Salvin & Godman , 1884 - The subspecies occurs on the Tepuis in southern Venezuela, in western Guyana and in the Brazilian state of Roraima in north-central Brazil.
  • Amazilia viridigaster laireti ( Phelps Jr & Aveledo , 1988) - This subspecies is common in the Sierra de Unturán and the Pico da Neblina and possibly the Tepuis in southern Venezuela.
  • Amazilia viridigaster pacaraimae ( Weller , 2000) - This species occurs in the Sierra de Pacaraima and possibly the mountains of southern Venezuela.

Lange was A. v. cupreicauda is listed as a separate species under the name of copper tailed macilia . The South American Classification Committee has merged the two species at least until there are more reliable data on the individual subspecies.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the green-bellied amazily under the name Trochilus viridigaster . The type specimen came from Fusagasugá in what was then the viceroyalty of New Granada . In 1843 René Primevère Lesson introduced the new genus name Amazilia for the bronze headed amazilie ( Amazilia candida ) (Syn: Ornismya Senex). Only later was the green-bellied amazily added to this genus. This name comes from a novella by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, about an Inca heroine named Amazili. The specific epithet »viridigaster« is made up of the Latin words »viridis« for »green« and »gaster« for »belly«. "Iodura" is a Greek word from "ioeidēs ιοειδης " for "violet-colored" and "-ouros, oura -ουρος, ουρα " for "-tailed, tail". »Duidae« refers to the collection point on the »Mount Duida«. »Cupreicauda« is made up of the Latin words »cypreus« for »copper-colored« and »cauda« for »tail«. »Laireti« is dedicated to the Venezuelan cardiologist Andrés Eusebio Lairet Hernandez (1944-). Finally, "pacaraimae" refers to the habitat of this subspecies.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de [accessed January 11, 2014]).
  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08371-1 ( books.google.de [accessed January 11, 2014]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 99-104 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 11, 2015]).
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach: Enumeration of the hummingbirds or trochilids in their true natural relationship, including the key to their systematics . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 2 : Extraheft , 1854, p. 1-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 11, 2015]).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 380 , 1921, pp. 1–28 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ; accessed on January 11, 2015]).
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Notes on Birds from British Guiana Part III . In: The Ibis . Series 5, volume 2 , no. 46 , 1884, p. 443–452 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 11, 2015]).
  • William Henry Phelps, Jr., Ramón Aveledo Hostos: Una nueva subespecie de aves de la familia (Trochilidae) de la Serrania Tapirapeco, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 42 , no. 142 , 1988, pp. 7-10 .
  • André-Alexander Weller : A new hummingbird subspecies from southern Bolivar, Venezuela, with notes on biogeography and taxonomy of the Saucerottia viridigaster-cupreicauda species group . In: Ornitologia Neotropical . tape 11 , no. 2 , 2000, pp. 143–154 ( ibiologia.unam.mx [PDF; 609 kB ; accessed on January 11, 2015]).
  • René Primevère Lesson : Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant . Series 2, volume 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed February 29, 2016]).
  • René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition . tape 1 : Zoology , No. 2 . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 11, 2015]).
  • David William Snow, Barbara Kathleen Snow: Breeding of the Green-bellied Hummingbird . In: The Auk . tape 91 , no. 3 , 1974, p. 626 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 63 kB ; accessed on January 11, 2015]).
  • Antonio Olivares Celis: Notas sobre aves de los Andes orientales en Boyacá . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 25 , no. 106 , 1963, ZDB -ID 730565-5 , p. 91-125 .

Web links

Commons : Grünbauchamazilie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (1986), p. 274.
  2. ↑ a b Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (2002), p. 420.
  3. ↑ Antonio Olivares Celis, p. 91 f.
  4. ↑ David William Snow et al. a., p. 626.
  5. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  6. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 103.
  7. ↑ Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, p. 8.
  8. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 13.
  9. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a., p. 452.
  10. ^ William Henry Phelps, Jr. et al. a., p. 7.
  11. ^ André-Alexander Weller, p. 148.
  12. ↑ Proposal (# 168) to South American Classification Committee Proposal - Lump Amazilia cupreicauda with A. viridigaster ( Memento from February 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Jules Bourcier et al. a., p. 104
  14. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757
  15. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1827), p. 683 (plate 3)
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 403
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 206.
  18. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 14.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 125.
  20. ^ William Henry Phelps, Jr. et al. a., p. 9.
  21. ^ André-Alexander Weller, p. 149.