Grabenbach (Ablach)
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Grabenbach section names : Dorfbach, Talbach, Weiherbach, Mühlenbach, Stadtbach |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 11324 | |
| location |
Swabian Alb
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| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Ablach → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | west of Leibertingen- Altheim 47 ° 59 ′ 44 ″ N , 9 ° 0 ′ 58 ″ E |
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| Source height | 692 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | in Meßkirch from the left and from the west in the Ablach coordinates: 47 ° 59 '35 " N , 9 ° 6' 57" E 47 ° 59 '35 " N , 9 ° 6' 57" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 601 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 91 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 11 ‰ | |
| length | 8.4 km | |
| Catchment area | 30.832 km² | |
| Right tributaries | Mettenbach | |
| Small towns | Messkirch | |
| Communities | Leibertingen | |
The Grabenbach flows into the urban area of Meßkirch in the Sigmaringen district in southern Baden-Württemberg , coming from the left and west into the Ablach . During its approximately 8.3 kilometers long course, it changes its name several times: Dorfbach , Talbach , Weiherbach , Mühlenbach , Stadtbach , Grabenbach , in earlier times also Heudorfer Bach ; this is what the state authority responsible for water protection calls it today, along its entire length.
Geography and sections
Dorfbach
(0.0 - 5.3 km from the source)
The stream rises about one kilometer west of Altheim , a part of the municipality of Leibertingen ▼ at 692 meters above sea level. It flows through the villages of Altheim and the former municipality of Heudorf, which belongs to Meßkirch, in a predominantly eastern direction. In both places the brook is called Dorfbach . (Atlas Heudorf, 1872), (TK, 1925 and 2001)
At the entrance to Heudorf, the creek is fed by two springs, which arise about 100 and 50 meters to the right of the run. This inflow can also be seen in the Heudorf village view from 1575. It feeds the village stream with water all year round, while the stream bed from Altheim often falls dry in summer and autumn.
Talbach or Thalbach
( 5.3 - 6.1 km from the source: ▼ )
From around the boundary of Heudorf in the direction of Meßkirch, where the 20 meter high Talbach viaduct of the B 311 / B 313 has spanned the valley since 1989 , the stream is then called Talbach , in earlier documents Thalbach . He used to drive the valley mill, two to three hundred meters further down the stream, the birthplace of the composer Conradin Kreutzer . For the operation of the valley mill, the stream above the mill was dammed into a small pond.
Weiherbach
( 6.1 - 7.5 km from the source: 47 ° 59 ′ 40 ″ N , 9 ° 5 ′ 45 ″ E )
At the Talmühle the valley makes a sharp bend from the south to the east. The valley now has a very flat, about 50 meters wide valley floor and a very steep, about 20 meters high slope on the north side of the valley. It is one of the few dry slopes in the area. During the battle of Meßkirch on May 5, 1800, this section of the valley served as a natural fortress.
750 meters below the Talmühle, the brook used to drive the Lohmühle. ▼ The old Mühlkanal, around 400 meters long, has fallen into disrepair, but its course can still be clearly seen directly below the steep slope. The mill was probably built around 1690 in place of the earlier Lower Talmühle and was then given the proper name Lohmühle (Fischer, 1998, page 54 “Lohmühle”).
Another 250 meters down the stream was the oil mill ▼ , which burned down completely after an arson in the 1980s. It was subsequently replaced by a residential building. Only a few meters below the former oil mill, two karst springs arise on the left side of the Weiherbach ▼ . Presumably they are the one kilometer northwest located sip hole fed in Sautal ▼ . Contrary to the description given there, the two springs have water all year round.
The Weiherbach flows through two troughs, the names of which point to earlier ponds:
- In the pond: The brook flows through this valley directly above the Lohmühle ▼ . There was probably a pond there in the flat valley floor. (Fischer, 1998)
- Am Weiherdamm: In the 18th century, the note “Herrschaftliche Weÿher” was recorded within the Etter boundary . On the city view from 1575, two ponds can be seen at the top left, just inside the Etter boundary. It is likely to be the gain on Weiherdamm that z. B. can be found in the atlas of 1872 behind today's Gröberhaus (the former hospital). ( ▼ )
Mühlenbach or Weiherbach?
.
( 7.5 - 7.75 km from the source: ▼ )
About 600 meters below the former oil mill, the stream still drives the Mauchenmühle today. ▼ Their mill wheel has long been replaced by a turbine for electricity generation. The mill as such was still in operation until around 1995. In earlier times the Mauchenmühle was also called Angermühle because it was accessible from the city via the Angertor . Mauchenmühle was probably named after its owner Jakob Mauch (around 1561). (Fischer, 1998, page 54 "Behind the Mauchenmühle")
It is not clear whether the brook was only called Mühlenbach in this area . In earlier times the entire course of the stream from Heudorf to Meßkirch was called Heudorfer Bach or Heudorfer Mühlbach . (Fischer, 1998, page 54 “Behind the Mauchenmühle”) On the other hand, the brook bears the name Weiherbach there in the topographic map from 1988 and in the cadastral survey of 1872 the brook itself is still referred to as Weiherbach at Adlerplatz further downstream . In view of the many details of such a cadastral survey, this source can also be wrong.
Shortly below the Mauchenmühle, the Mühlkanal flows back into the Mühlenbach , which is twisted from this point on. It flows 50 meters further underground through the so-called Weißenburg to Adlerplatz.
Stadtbach or Weiherbach?
( 7.75 - 7.85 km from the source: ▼ )
Until the redesign of Adlerplatz around 1967, the stream was open and lined with tall chestnut trees.
In (Heim, 1990) it is described that the brook in the area of Adlerplatz has the name Stadtbach . In the plans of the cadastral survey around 1872, however, the stream is named Weiherbach at this point . It is therefore also possible that this part of the stream was only popularly called Stadtbach . In addition, (Restle, 1932) uses the term Stadtbach to describe the Mühlkanal through the city, which flowed through the city until the mid-1960s. However, there is still Kanalgasse in the city center , a street parallel to the former city canal . It is therefore very likely that the terms mentioned in (Heim, 1990) were used at least in the vernacular as follows:
- Stadtbach : The Weiherbach in the area of the Adlerplatz.
- City Canal : Branch off part of the city stream through the city center.
An interesting building was located on the southern Adlerplatz until the Verdolung in 1967. The city stream was dammed by a weir and part of the water was directed into the city canal . This crossed with a bridge the Mettenbach which flows directly below the weir into the Stadtbach . Thus only water from the city stream was channeled into the city canal .
From the confluence of the Mettenbach into the Stadtbach, the creek now bends sharply in the direction of its inlet to the east into the former city moat along the city wall and changes its name to Grabenbach .
Only a few meters above this confluence, an approximately 150-meter-long underground passage from the Mettenbach probably led to the castle . However, this passage has been buried due to various construction measures. Possibly this is the underground passage mentioned in (Restle, 1932, page 27 below).
Today the confluence of the Stadtbach and Mettenbach is underground, the city canal no longer exists.
City canal
The city canal was partly led under the houses through the city center at Marktbrückle ▼ over the former Langenmühle ▼ to the Niedere Mühle ▼ . It then merged with the former Feuerbach, which ran parallel to the Ablach, and flowed into the Ablach ▼ about 50 meters above the mouth of the Grabenbach . This junction can still be seen in the cityscape printed in (Heim, 1993) on page 40 above and in the photo on page 42 below, taken around 1950.
Grabenbach and Voglerbächle
( 7.85 - 8.3 km from the source: ▼ )
From the confluence of Weiherbach and Mettenbach, the brook bears the name Grabenbach .
It flows along Grabenbachstraße past what is now known as the Stachus to the confluence with the Ablach. The Grabenbach used to run along the city wall, so it was the city moat . The name Grabenbach should not be confused with Graben , another part of the old town of Messkirch.
Since about 1967 the Grabenbach has been dolted along its entire length and mostly built over with the Grabenbachstraße. It was open until the Verdolung and was popularly called Voglerbächle at the Vogler painters' shop . The Vogler house could be reached via a footbridge over the stream.
An underground, walled passage was also accessible from there. It was about 1 meter wide and 1.50 meters high, but had no water. It is not clear whether it led to the castle as a secret passage or whether it used to have another function. If it led into the castle, then it must have crossed the city canal underground, which is rather unlikely. However, it could also be an earlier course of the city canal or a corridor or canal to the nearby Lower Courtyard. However, due to a number of construction works, this passage is buried today.
Muzzle into the Ablach
8.3 km from the source: ( ▼ )
The Grabenbach , which had been gutted up until then, flows into the Ablach directly below the Ablach Bridge on Mengener Strasse. The Liebfrauenkirche is on the opposite bank of the river.
Tributaries, lakes and dry valleys
List of tributaries and 
lakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted. Name of the main line here in this section after the LUBW's online map server, which names it Heudorfer Dorfbach from beginning to end .
Origin of the Heudorfer Dorfbach at about 692 m above sea level. NHN west of the Leibertingen village Altheim almost on the edge of the forest and about 400 meters northwest of the wooded hilltop of Gunzenbühl ( 702.9 m above sea level ). The stream flows almost eastwards throughout.
- Katzenbach, from the left and west-northwest to about 655 m above sea level. NHN in a forest valley east of Altheim, 3.2 km and approx. 12.7 km². Arises at about 729 m above sea level. NHN west of the Leibertingen village Thalheim in front of the forest. The valley hollow continues under the name Katzental almost 1.5 km further west to the corridor around Buchheim , where the hollow in the corridor at about 790 m above sea level. NHN begins. A little longer left upper course of the Heudorfer Dorfbach with a lot more catchment area.
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Pond on the valley path in the upper Katzental at about 765 m above sea level. NHN on a field hedge in the Gewann Hülen , under 0.1 ha. - (Inlet of the dry valley Kreuztal ), from the left and northwest to about 720 m above sea level. NHN about 400 meters from the outskirts of Altheim, about 1.7 km. Starts at about 780 m above sea level. NHN in the burst meadows of Buchheim.
- Seltenbach, from the left and northwest to about 672 m above sea level. NHN southeast of Thalheim, 2.5 km and approx. 9.3 km². Arises at about 711 m above sea level. NHN northwest of Thalheim next to the edge of the forest. Above the associated dry valley Wolfentäle extends about 2.4 km further to the northwest, it begins at about 810 m above sea level. NHN near the Leibertingen Kaltenbrunnerhof .
- Pfaffentalbach, from the right and west-southwest to about 707 m above sea level. NHN a little after the origin towards the edge of the forest, 0.5 km and about 0.3 km². Arises at about 736 m above sea level. NHN in front of the cat house .
- Öschlegraben, from the right and southeast to about 670 m above sea level. NHN only about a hundred meters after the Seltenbach, 0.4 km and about 0.3 km². Arises at about 692 m above sea level. NHN northeast under the sports field between Thalheim and Altheim.
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- (Engine duct of the Mauchenmühle), to and from the left to something above and below 610 m above sea level. NHN in Meßkirch in a grassland tube between Westenberg and Stockacher Strasse, 0.3 km.
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Mettenbach , from the right and south-southwest to about 607 m above sea level. NHN in Meßkirch shortly after its demolition under the Adlerplatz, 5.3 km and approx. 5.6 km². Arises as a Schwarzengraben at about 670 m above sea level. NHN at the Kohlbeterhof in Sauldorf .
- (Bach from the Lippentale ), from the left and northwest to about 632 m above sea level. NHN west of the B 313 , approx. 2.3 km and approx. 1.9 km². Arises at about 695 m above sea level. NHN in Bändlehau on the municipal boundary Leibertingen / Meßkirch.
- Kapellenweggraben, from the left and northwest to about 625 m above sea level. NHN at MOUNTAIN, 1.3 km and approx. 0.7 km². Arises at about 643 m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of the Messkirch village of Heudorf .
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Pond in the upper corner of the mouth of the previous one, 0.1 ha.
Mouth of the Heudorfer Dorfbach from the left and west to about 601 m above sea level. NHN in Meßkirch at the Ablachbrücke on the Mengener Strasse from a piping into the Ablach . The stream is 8.4 km long and has a catchment area of 30.8 km².
Changes in the course of the stream and the course of the river Ablach over time
On the city view from 1575, the Ablach flows directly along the south-eastern city wall. In the area of the Niedere Mühle, three mill wheels can be seen that were driven directly by the Ablach. Immediately there, the Ablach then makes a sharp arc to the right and shortly afterwards to the left again. It then flows past the Liebfrauenkirche on the left. This is also where the Grabenbach flows into the Ablach. The city canal can also be seen in the Marktbrückle area. The exit through the city wall into the Ablach is not recognizable, but should actually have taken place in the area of the three mill wheels of the Niedere Mühle. If you compare this with the topographic map from 1849, the original survey from 1872 and later maps, you find the following:
- Around 1586 the course of the river from the Alte Mühle to shortly before the Liebfrauenkirche was relocated about 150 to 200 meters to the east in order to mitigate the recurring floods. (Fischer, 1998, page 13 “Neue Ablach”) What remained was the Alte Ablach , later called Feuerbach , which ran in the old river bed of the Ablach. Both rivers can be seen on the cityscape from 1686/88. This can also be deduced from the city map from 1780, in which the confluence of the old and new Ablach is drawn. On the map of the Etter borders of the 18th century, both the Old Ablach and a little east of it the New Ablach are drawn upstream on the southern Etter border .
- In 1806 the Feuerbach was cleaned out as it had grown over time. (Fischer, 1998, page 33 "Feuerbach")
- Between 1849 and 1872 the Feuerbach was also moved away from the city wall. Because in the topographic map of 1849 the Feuerbach runs directly on the city wall, while in the atlas of 1872 and the corresponding hand plans of the cadastral survey the Feuerbach runs about 50 meters from the city wall. In addition, houses attached to the city wall from the outside have already been recorded, which would not have been possible without relocating the Feuerbach. From then on, the former Alte Ablach below the Niedere Mühle only served as a drain for the city canal. This can be seen from the hand drawings from 1872, where directly below the Niederen Mühle the city canal bends 90 degrees to the left and then a sharp curve to the right, and then flows into the Ablach almost at right angles.
- Later this remaining part of the Alte Ablach was moved to a concrete bed. Remnants of it were visible during civil engineering work in Jahnstrasse in May 2006 ( 47 ° 59 ′ 34 ″ N , 9 ° 6 ′ 50 ″ E ) .
In December 1966, the 490 meter ditching of Weiherbach, Mettenbach and Grabenbach were completed on time for the end of the year.
The 1904 flood
On May 27, 1904, around 9 p.m., a very strong thunderstorm gathered near Heudorf. The Dorfbach flooded Heudorf up to two meters high. The fire brigade that had moved from Messkirch was powerless. The household items, wood and dead animals that were carried away were washed away through the stream to Messkirch. There the water accumulated at the "archway", the so-called Weißenburg . In the further course the entire old town was flooded. An impressive description of the events at that time can be found in (Heim, 1993).
Annual floods
In spring when the snow melts, the valley floor below the Talmühle is often flooded. Unfortunately, during the expansion of Tuttlinger Strasse around 1980, a meadow near the oil mill that had been regularly flooded up until then was filled up so far that it is no longer available as a natural flood area today. This backfilling would not have been necessary for the road construction. Excavation material was simply disposed of in a cheap way. Many such small “sins” then add up to such an extent that, for example, the floods in Passau rise even higher every year.
References
Locations of the names of the stream
Zimmerische Chronik, mid-16th century
- Hewdorfer bach : “In bemelter Vorstatt, grave Froben Christof has built a large house over the Hewdorfer bach, uf two gewelber. This is what the burgers called Weisenburg, and it is the name of the house. "
Etter boundaries from Meßkirch, 18th century
- Heudorfer Bach : On the Etter border in the direction of Heudorf between "Hölzle Fahrweg" (today Tuttlinger Straße) and "Heudorfer Straße" (today Westenbergweg).
City plan from 1780
- The Heudorfer Bach : Below the Mauchenmühle, before the Weißenburg.
- Der Graben : This is the name of the Grabenbach about 100 m below today's Adlerplatz.
The city canal is also shown, which flows through the city and flows into the Alte Ablach at the Niedere Mühle. In addition, the confluence of the new and old Ablach is shown above the Church of Our Lady.
Topographic map 1: 50,000 of the Grand Duchy of Baden, 1849
Contains the stream in its entire length from the source to the mouth.
- Thalbach : Directly below Heudorf
No further labels.
Topographic map 1: 50,000 of the Kingdom of Württemberg, 1850
Contains the stream in its entire length from the source to the mouth.
- Thalbach : Directly below Heudorf
No further labels. Labeling very likely taken from the Baden map, as it is identical to this in this area.
Atlas of the Heudorf district, 1872 - 1874
- Dorfbach : At the end of the village in the direction of Meßkirch
- Dorfbach : Shortly before the district boundary to Meßkirch
Atlas of the district of Meßkirch, 1872 - 1874
- Weierbach : Immediately below the Thalmühle
- Weierbach : A little above the Lohmühle actually on the Mühlkanal
- Weierbach : Immediately above the weir of the Mühlkanal to Mauchenmühle
- Weierbach : Immediately below the weir of the Mühlkanal to Mauchenmühle
- Weierbach : At today's Adlerplatz
- Grabenbach : About 100 m below today's Adlerplatz
- Mühlkanal : The city canal directly after the branch of the canal at today's Adlerplatz
- Mühlkanal : The city canal in the area of the Langenmühle
- Mühlkanal : The city canal just below the Niedere Mühle
General plan of the Messkirch district, 1873
Shows the course of the brook from the boundary between Heudorf / Meßkirch to the confluence.
- Weiherbach : Directly below the Talmühle
- Weiherbach : At the Mauchenmühle
Topographic map 1: 25,000 from the Baden state survey office, around 1925
- Dorfbach : Below Heudorf on the boundary with Meßkirch
No further labels.
Topographic map 1: 5,000 from the State Surveying Office of Baden-Württemberg, 1988
- Weiherbach : * Weiherbach : At the Mauchenmühle
Topographic map 1: 50,000 (TOP50) from the Land Survey Office Baden-Württemberg, 2001
- Dorfbach : Between Altheim and Heudorf
No further labels.
Map of Heudorf on the Messkirch website
- Dorfbach on the outskirts of Heudorf
However, the street (K8218) along the stream from Altheim is called Am Talbach.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ^ Alfred G. Benzing: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 186 Konstanz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ↑ a b c Height according to the contour line image on the background layer Topographic map from the online map server of the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW). See detailed map of the course and catchment area of the Grabenbach at: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
- ↑ a b c Length according to the water network layer ( AWGN ) of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c d Alfred Heim: A brook with six names , Südkurier from August 14, 1990, local edition Meßkirch
- ↑ a b c Zimmerische Chronik, Volume 4, p. 40
- ↑ a b c d e City of Mösskircher Etter, 18th century, map with the Etter boundaries and border points, Sigmaringen State Archive, order signature KIM / 1
- ↑ a b c Meßkirch, city map from 1780, Fürstl. Prince B. Archive, Donaueschingen
- ↑ Name after the water network layer (AWGN) of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c Topographic map 1: 50,000 (TOP50) on CD, Land Survey Office Baden-Württemberg, 2001
- ↑ a b Atlas of the district Heudorf, State Surveying Office Sigmaringen, 1872 - 1874
- ↑ a b Topographical map 1: 25,000, Badisches Landesvermessungsamt, around 1925
- ↑ View of the village of Heudorf, 1575
- ↑ The year is set in concrete on the foundation of the Talbach Viaduct
- ↑ a b c d e f Topographic map of the Grand Duchy of Baden based on the general survey of the Grand Ducal Military Topographical Bureau, sheet X.6 Mösskirch, 1849, scale 1: 50.0000. Available on the Internet at the University Library of the University of Freiburg
- ↑ a b Map of the Kingdom of Württemberg according to the new land survey in 1/50000 scale, from the K. Statistical Topographical Bureau, sheet LIII, 1850
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Atlas of the district of Meßkirch 1872 - 1874, available at the Sigmaringen State Surveying Office
- ↑ Armin Heim: On the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Meßkirch on May 5th, 1800 , Meßkircher Heimathefte No. 7, Museumsgesellschaft Meßkirch e. V., 2000
- ^ Paul Azan in Bücheler, Fischer, Kessinger: Die Schlacht bei Meßkirch , Armin Gmeiner Verlag, 2000, page 109 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Werner Fischer: The field names of Meßkirch and Schnerkingen, collection and interpretation , Meßkircher Heimathefte No. 4, Museumsgesellschaft Meßkirch e. V., 1998
- ↑ Jörg Werner et al .: Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25000, explanations on the sheet Meßkirch No. 8020 , Geological State Office Freiburg im Breisgau 1994, page 103
- ↑ a b Stefan Teuscher: Own observation
- ↑ a b Overview plan of the Messkirch district drawn on a scale of 1/10000 of the natural size, drawn on the Grossherzogl. Cadastral Bureau 1873
- ↑ a b c City view from 1575
- ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 5,000 from the State Surveying Office Baden-Württemberg, 1988
- ↑ a b c Armin Heim: A walk through the old Meßkirch , Armin Gmeiner Verlag, 1993
- ↑ a b Walburga Restle: Local history from the district of Meßkirch , Preßverein Meßkirch, 1932
- ^ Memories of contemporary witnesses
- ↑ a b c childhood memories
- ^ Alfred Heim: Meßkircher Stories and Originals , Meßkircher Heimathefte No. 7, Museumsgesellschaft Meßkirch e. V., 2000
- ↑ Lake area according to the layer standing waters of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c d Length measured on the background layer of the topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ The area of the lake measured on the background layer of the topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer of the LUBW's online map server.
- ^ City view of Meßkirch, 1686/88, oil painting, Heiligenberg Castle
- ↑ Werner Fischer (wf): Once . In: Südkurier of December 29, 2016
- ↑ Town Map Heudorf on the website of the city of Meßkirch, as of February 2008: www.messkirch.de
literature
- Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet No. 7919 Mühlheim an der Donau, No. 7920 Leibertingen, No. 8020 Meßkirch
