County of Guînes

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Coat of arms of the county of Guînes

The county of Guînes was one of the first large counties to be hereditary in Carolingian times.

Probably since the 7th century the country was part of the County of Flanders , which included the entire area between the Somme and Scheldt rivers . Around 663, Walbert, Count of Arques , gave all of the land he owned in Guînes to St. Bertin , the apostle of the Saint-Omer region and founder of the Saint-Bertin abbey that was later named after him . The first mention of the name Gisna , from which the name Guînes developed, comes from the year 807. It can be found in a deed of donation dated October 11th of the same year, through which a Lebtrude gave the monks of the abbey their possessions on the Ghisnervlet , the river Guînes, in a village called Wasconingawalla , a name from which the current name La Walle developed.

In the 11th century , the country and town suffered greatly from the military conflict between Philip II of France and the Count of Flanders. They were devastated several times by the king's troops as well as by those of Renaud de Dammartin , Count of Boulogne . Despite these catastrophes, Count Arnold II took part in the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 on the side of Philip II, whose vassal he had become.

Arnold III , 12th Count of Guînes, was captured on July 12, 1253 at the Battle of Walcheren , from which he had to sell his county to the king in 1285 in order to be released. Ten years later, in 1295, Philip IV of France returned part of the property to Johanna von Guînes, the granddaughter of Arnold III. and wife of John II of Brienne , Count of Eu , who then also assumed the title of Count of Guînes.

On November 18, 1350, Rudolf II of Brienne , Count of Eu, 15th and last Count of Guînes, Connétable of France , was arrested on the orders of King John II on his return from four years of English captivity and beheaded the next day without trial. The king confiscated the property and then gave the county of Eu to John of Artois (Jean sans Terre) , while he included the county of Guînes in the Domaine royal .

Three years after the capture of Calais , on January 22nd 1351, the castle of Guînes fell into the hands of the English through treason. In the Peace of Brétigny in 1360 the city and county were completely assigned to England.

Counts of Guînes

House Guînes

  • Siegfried called the Dane (* around 940; † after 965), first Count of Guînes, ⚭ 964, Elstrude of Gent, daughter of Arnulf I of Flanders and Alix or Adele of Vermandois ; became Count of Guînes as a vassal of the Count of Flanders.
  • Ardolf called Posthumus (* 965/966; † after 996), his son, ⚭ Mathilde von Boulogne (* 965)
  • Rudolf I (* around 992; † 1036), his son, ⚭ Rosella von Saint-Pol (* around 995)
  • Eustach I (* around 1016; † 1052/65), his son, ⚭ Susanne von Ghermines (or Gramines) (* around 1015), daughter of Siger von Ghermines
  • Balduin I. (* around 1038, † after 1091), his son, ⚭ Adele or Christine von Holland (* around 1045, † 1085) ( Gerulfinger )
  • Manasse called Robert (* 1075; † 1137), his son, ⚭ Emma von Folkestone (* around 1080, † after 1140) ( Giffard )
    • Henri de Bourbourg (* around 1115; † 1168), his son-in-law, ⚭ Sibylle von Guînes († before 1137), daughter of Manasse
  • Aubrey de Vere († 1194), his son-in-law, Count of Guînes in 1137 until he separated from Beatrix de Bourbourg, daughter of Henri, around 1145.

House Ghent

  • Arnold I. , ⚭ Mahaut of Saint-Omer (* around 1115)
  • Baldwin II (* around 1135; † 1205), their son, ⚭ Christine von Marck (* around 1140, † July 2, 1177)
  • Arnold II. (* Around 1170, † 1220), their son, castellan of Bourbourg in Ardres , Lord of Ardres, ⚭ Beatrix von Bourbourg (* around 1175, † 1214)
  • Balduin III. (* 1200; † 1244), their son, castellan of Bourbourg, Lord of Ardres ⚭ Mahaut de Fiennes (* around 1205 †?)
  • Arnold III (* around 1225; † around 1283), their son, castellan of Bourbourg, Lord of Ardres and Alost, ⚭ Alix or Marie von Coucy (* around 1225)

House Brienne

House La Trémoille

  • Georges de La Trémoille (* 1566; † 1446), 1398 Count of Guînes.
  • Louis I († 1483), Count of Guînes, his son
  • Louis II (X 1525), Viscount de Thouars , Prince de Talmond, Comte de Guînes et de Benon , his son
  • Charles (X 1515), Prince de Talmond et de Mortagne, Comte de Taillebourg , his son
  • François († 1541), Vicomte de Thouars, Prince de Talmond, Comte de Guînes, de Benon et de Taillebourg, his son
  • Louis III († 1577), Duc de Thouars, Prince de Tarente et de Talmond, Comte de Taillebourg, de Guînes et de Benon, his son
  • Claude (* 1566; † 1604), Duc de La Trémoille, 2nd Duc de Thouars, Prince de Tarente et de Talmond, Comte de Guînes etc., his son
  • Henri (* 1598; † 1674), 2nd Duc de La Trémoille, 3rd Duc de Thouars, Prince de Tarnente et de Talmond, Comte de Laval, de Montfort, de Guînes, de Benon, de Taillebourg et de Jonvelle
  • Henri Charles (* 1620; † 1672), Prince de Tarente et de Talmond, Comte de Laval etc., his brother
  • Charles Belgique Hollande († 1709), 3rd Duke of La Trémoille, 4th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Charles Louis Bretagne († 1719), 4th Duke of La Trémoille, 5th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Charles-Armand-René († 1741), 5th Duke of La Trémoille, 6th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Jean Bretagne Charles Godefroi († 1792), 6th Duke of La Trémoille, 7th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Charles Bretagne Marie Joseph († 1839), 7th Duke of La Trémoille, 8th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Louis Charles († 1911), 8th Duke of La Trémoille, 9th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Louis Charles Marie († 1921), 9th Duke of La Trémoille, 10th Duke of Thouars, his son
  • Louis Jean Marie († 1933), 10th Duke of La Trémoille, 11th Duke of Thouars, his son - ultimus familiae

Literature and Sources

  • Bernard Delmaire: Art Guînes. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Vol. 4, dtv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 .
  • Lambert von Ardres : La chronique de Guînes et Ardres , 1203.
  • Lamberti Ardensis historia comitum Ghisnensium ed. by Johannes Heller in: MGH , Scriptores , Vol. 24, Hannover 1879, pp. 550–642 ( digitized version ).
  • The history of the counts of Guines and lords of Ardres ed. by Leah Shopkow, Philadelphia 2007, ISBN 978-0-8122-1996-8 .

Footnotes

  1. ^ After La Chesnaye-Desbois and Badier ( Dictionnaire de la noblesse ).
  2. ↑ On the place of execution see the article on Rudolf II.