Gravatá
| Gravatá | ||
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Coordinates: 8 ° 12 ′ S , 35 ° 34 ′ W Gravatá on the map of Pernambuco
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Brazil | |
| State | Pernambuco | |
| City foundation | June 13, 1884 | |
| Residents | 76,458 (IBGE / 2010) | |
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| Detailed data | ||
| surface | 503.946 km² | |
| Population density | 150.87 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| height | 400 m | |
| City Presidency | Joaquim Neto | |
| City patron | Anna (saint) | |
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Gravatá , officially Município de Gravatá , is a place in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco and is located about 75 km west-southwest of Recife , the capital of Pernambuco. Gravatá is located at a latitude of 8 ° 11 '59 "South and 35 ° 34' West, covers an area of 507 km² and is at an altitude of 400 to 570 m above sea level. Gravatá had an estimated 84,074 in 2019 The climate is mild, the average annual temperature is 22 ° C. Gravatá borders in the north and northeast on Passira and Bezerros , in the east on Pombos and Chã Grande , in the south on Amaraji and Cortês and in the west on Barra de Guabiraba and Sairé . The patron saint of Gravatá is Nossa Senhora de Sant'Ana .
history
The origin of the village of Gravatá lies in a farm owned by José Justino Carreiro de Miranda, which in 1808 served as an inn for travelers who traded sugar and beef , at that time the most important trade goods that carried inland from Recife on the Ipojuca River were. Traveling through the area was difficult. The merchants were forced to make strategic stops, also to prevent the cattle from losing weight.
The rest area became known as Crauatá (earth of good pastures). The name Caruatá includes the name Karawatã , which means "bush of holes" (mato que fura), as the place was called in the Indian Tupi language , but also the name of a predominant bromeliad called Caraguatá, alternatively also Caroatá, Caroá and Called Gravatá.
On May 30, 1881 , Gravatá was separated from the urban area of Bezerros by provincial law No. 1.560. On June 13, 1884 , the area was declared a city.
At the end of the 19th century , the Great Westerns Railways was built between Recife and the hinterland of Pernambuco. In 1950 the newly built BR-232 trunk road significantly shortened the travel time to Gravatá.
Great Westerns Railways
The Great Westerns Railways between Recife and Gravatá was built between 1881 and 1894. A problem with the construction was the mountainous landscape in the Gravatás area, so that many bridges and tunnels had to be planned and built. For example, the bridge at Grota Funda is 180 m long and up to 48 m high. In the years 1945 to 1947, the line then had to be overhauled, with many of the iron bridges being replaced by reinforced concrete bridges. In 1986 the railway line was recognized for the breathtaking landscape it traverses.
The importance of the railway line lies in the development of the Pernambucos hinterland. So it was possible with it to transfer people and goods in a reasonable time and in large quantities between the hinterland and Recife, which boosted the economy immensely, since now the trade increased and tourism picked up. The hinterland of Pernambuco, and with it Gravatá, was only better developed through the BR-232 trunk road.
The Santa'Ana Chapel
In 1810 , José Justino Carreiro de Miranda promised to build a chapel on the side of his large house , which was only completed after his death by his son João Félix Justiano in 1822 . The chapel was of a simple design. The main room showed a small cement cross. The 20 meter high tower was clad with white and blue Portuguese tiles. Under the pointed windows was an oval opening and under it the registration "1822", which marks the year of the opening. Rural wooden benches from their own farm were set up in the chapel. In front is the altar of the patron saint Sant'Ana. On the left is the altar Santa Inês, Coração de Jesus ("Jesus Heart") and the baptismal font. On the right is the statue of the "Lord of the Sacristy". The altar of Coração de Jesus (Jesus' Heart) lies in a deep cavity in the thick wall on the left, next to Santa Tereza's altar and the tabernacle . The Altar do Menino Jesus (Altar of the Boy Jesus) is also located near the sacristy .
education
The municipality of Gravatá and the Ayrton Senna Institute founded a training center for around 550 children from the city, aged 9 to 14 years. Children with school gaps should be encouraged; intensive studies should guarantee them a sound education. In order to make the project meet pedagogical requirements, city teachers are hired and qualified.
economy
The focus of Gravatá's economy is in the primary sector and includes animal husbandry, as well as the cultivation of pineapples , bananas , cotton , corn , potatoes , beans , mandarins , tomatoes , strawberries and cassava . The cultivation of flowers such as roses or chrysanthemums is also intended for export .
The wood processing industry is strongly represented in the secondary sector . Wicker and rattan furniture are made in many farms .
Another important branch of the economy in Gravatá is the real estate market , which is one of the most important Pernambucos, which is mainly due to tourism , which is crucial for the local economy: there are around 70,000 inhabitants on some weekends over 50,000 tourists.
literature
- Alberto Frederico Lins: História de Gravatá. Contribuição ao estudo do agreste de Pernambuco. Inojosa Editores, Recife 1993.
Web links
- City Prefecture website , Prefeitura Municipal (in Portuguese)
- IBGE : Cidades @ Pernambuco: Gravatá. Retrieved August 28, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).