Large spider ragwort

Large spider ragwort
	Large spider orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Sphegodes )
Systematics
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Orchideae
Sub tribus :	Orchidinae
Genre :	Ragwurzen ( Ophrys )
Type :	Large spider ragwort
Scientific name
	Ophrys sphegodes
	Mill.

The large spider ragwurz or just spider ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes ) is a representative of the genus Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae).

features

Great spider-ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Sphegodes ), flower

It is a perennial herbaceous plant . The sepals are green or whitish-pink in color, while the bald and often wavy petals appear yellow-green to brown-red. The red to brown lip is only weakly divided, if at all. Deep three-lobed variants are very rare.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

For the Big Spider Orchid has been demonstrated that the sex pheromone of pollinating sand or Erdbiene Andrena nigroaenea with the fragrance of the plant is almost identical.

Location

You can find this species in light forests, maquis , scrub and grasslands with fresh to moderately dry, but always alkaline soils. In the mountains one finds this plant type up to a height of 1300 meters above sea level. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 80–760 meters, France 1–1250 meters, Switzerland 260–1000 meters, Liechtenstein 500–565 meters, Austria 120–760 meters, Italy 2–1250 meters, Slovenia 50-600 meters. In Europe, the species in Spain rises to 1320 meters above sea level.

Subspecies

Aesculapius orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Aesculapii )

Aveyron Orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Aveyronensis )

Breast ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Mammosa )

Siponto orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Sipontensis )

As with many orchids , the group of subspecies is rich in shapes and difficult to classify. Two subspecies are described in more detail below:

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes

The stem is between 10 and 40 cm high. The sepals and petals are short. The lip is small. However, this subspecies is divided into several other variants, in which the characteristics again vary. However, all bloom from January to June and occur in the Mediterranean area.

Epirus-Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Epirotica (Renz) Gölz & HRReinhard , Syn .: Ophrys mammosa subsp. Epirotica (Renz) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz )

In this subspecies, which bloom in May, the lateral sepals appear mostly brown-red in the lower half. This subspecies occurs in Central Greece , West Macedonia and South Albania at altitudes between 0 and 1100 meters above sea level. It is not yet entirely clear whether this subspecies differs sufficiently from Hebes Ragwurz ( Ophrys hebes (Kalop.) E. Willing & B.Willing ).

Further subspecies are:

Aesculapius orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Aesculapii (Renz) Soó ex JJWood ): Greece. It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.
Amanus ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Amanensis (E. Nelson ex Renz & Taubenheim) HAPedersen, PJCribb & Rolf Kühn , Ophrys amanensis (E. Nelson ex Renz & Taubenheim) P. Delforge ): Southern Turkey and northwestern Syria. It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 900 meters above sea level.
Small spider orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Araneola (Rchb) M.Laínz. ): East Europe and Southern Central Europe. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1330 meters above sea level.
Black Orchid ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs , Syn .: Ophrys aranifera subsp. Atrata (Rchb.f.) Arcang. , Ophrys incubacea Bianca ): East Europe and Southern Central Europe. It grows at altitudes 0 and 1,300 meters above sea level. Andrena morio was observed as a pollinator .
Aveyron's ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Aveyronensis J.J.Wood ): South-central France and northern Spain. It grows at altitudes between 200 and 950 meters above sea level. Andrena hattorfiana was observed as a pollinator .
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana Kreutz : European Turkey. It was first described in 2011.
Small Cretan Ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Cretensis H.Baumann & Künkele ): Islands from the southern Aegean to Crete. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 600 meters above sea level.
Gortyn Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Gortynia H.Baumann & Künkele , syn .: Ophrys mammosa subsp. Gortynia (H.Baumann & Künkele) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz , Ophrys gortynia (H.Baumann & Künkele) Paulus ): Central and southern Aegean to Crete. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 600 meters above sea level.
Helenes Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Helenae (Renz) Soó & DMMoore , Syn .: Ophrys helenae Renz ): Southern Albania and Greece. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.
Crescent Ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Lunulata (Parl.) H.Sund. , Syn .: Ophrys lunulata Parl. ): Sicily. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1300 meters above sea level. The bee Osmia kohlii was observed as a pollinator .

Lycian Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Lycia (Renz & Taubenheim) HAPedersen & PJCribb , Syn .: Ophrys lycia Renz & Taubenheim ): Southwestern Turkey. It grows at altitudes between 400 and 600 meters above sea level.

Breast ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Mammosa (Desf.) Soó ex E. Nelson , Syn .: Ophrys mammosa Desf. ): Southeastern Europe to Iran. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1500 meters above sea level.

Easter Ragwort ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Passionis (Sennen) Sanz & Nuet , Syn .: Ophrys passionis Sennen ): Northeastern Spain, France, Sardinia, Sicily and Italy. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level. Andrena carbonaria was observed as a pollinator .

Siponto-Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Sipontensis (Kreutz) HAPedersen & Faurh. , Syn .: Ophrys × sipontensis O.Danesch & E. Danesch ): Southeastern Italy. It grows at altitudes between 2 and 680 meters above sea level. Xylopa iris was observed as a pollinator .

Spruner's Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes subsp. Spruneri (Nyman) E. Nelson , Syn .: Ophrys spruneri Nyman , Ophrys ferrum-equinum subsp. Spruneri (Nyman) EGCamus ): Greece, Crete and Aegean. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 900 meters above sea level.

literature

Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids. Munich, 1986
Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 278.
↑ Schiestl et al .: Orchid pollination by sexual swindle . In: Nature . Vol. 399, June 1999, pp. 421 f .
↑ ^a ^b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 411. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, pages 140-204.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ophrys sphegodes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 10, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Great Spider-Ragwurz ( Ophrys sphegodes ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Ophrys sphegodes agg .. In: FloraWeb.de.

Distribution maps

Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
Germany (AHO)
Switzerland (AGEO)

Regional links

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 278.

[2] Schiestl et al .: Orchid pollination by sexual swindle . In: Nature . Vol. 399, June 1999, pp. 421 f .

[BaumannKünkele1998-3] Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 411. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

[BaumannKünkeleLorenz-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, pages 140-204.

[WCSP-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ophrys sphegodes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 10, 2020.