Großsedlitz

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Großsedlitz
City of Heidenau
Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ′ 15 ″  N , 13 ° 53 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 113–216 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : October 1, 1923
Postal code : 01809
Area code : 03529
Upper orangery in the Grosssedlitz baroque garden

Großsedlitz is a district of the town of Heidenau in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains , Saxony . He is known for the Großsedlitz baroque garden .

geography

Großsedlitz is located in the southeast of the city of Heidenau. The actual location is south and just outside of the Elbe valley on the plateau between the valleys of the Müglitz in the west and the Seidewitz in the east. In the north, however, the district extends to the Elbe . The corridors around Großsedlitz are used for agriculture. On the eastern edge of the village is the Großsedlitz baroque garden , which is protected as an FFH area . To Großsedlitz the covers around 370 hectares of conservation area "Großsedlitzer Elbe slopes and plateaus." Two parts of Heidenau border in the northwest: Heidenau-Süd in the Elbe Valley and Kleinsedlitz on the plateau. Neighboring to the west is the city center of Dohna , to the southwest or south of its districts Köttewitz and Krebs . To the east, Pirna borders, to the north, on the opposite side of the Elbe, its Pratzschwitz district . In the north of Großsedlitz lies the Ilsequelle, which has healing powers.

The center of Großsedlitz extends along Parkstrasse between the Baroque Garden and Siedlerweg. The most important street in the district is the main street in the Elbe Valley, which as state highway 172 represents a fast connection to Dresden and Saxon Switzerland . The federal highway 172a runs through the extreme south of the Großsedlitz district as a feeder road from Pirna to the Pirna junction on the federal highway 17 , but without a connection to the road network from Heidenau or Großsedlitz. The most important street in the area of ​​the actual location is the Parkstraße coming from the direction of Kleinsedlitz, whose role as a thoroughfare continues in the south of the Neubauerweg. It swings to the east on a stretch parallel to the B 172a and is called Pirna Dippoldiswalder Straße. There is a direct public transport connection via bus line A of the Dreßler travel service . The H / S bus lines also operate in the Elbe Valley. There is also the Heidenau-Großsedlitz stop on the Dresden – Děčín railway line .

history

General

Großsedlitz on a map from the 19th century

The place name goes back to the original form * Sedľc or * Sedľce, which historians derive from * sedło, Old Sorbian for "seat", "settlement". “Sedlitz” simply means “village” or “settlement”. The first mention of “tota villa Sedelicz” from 1350 probably refers to Großsedlitz. In the 15th and 16th centuries, numerous different spellings were in use, including "Großer Czedelicz", "Zedelitz", "Sidelitz", "Groß Zedelitzs", "Gros Seidelitz" and "Sedilitz". In the 18th century, including 1727, the place of Großsedlitz was occasionally given the name "Obersedlitz". This was used to distinguish it from Niedersedlitz , only seven kilometers away , a current district of Dresden in the Elbe Valley . After that, only the form "Groß Sedlitz" or today's spelling appeared.

The Sarische Mühle in Großsedlitz, which burned down and demolished in 1844, was first mentioned in 1474. There is evidence that there was a Vorwerk in the village as early as 1448 . The Sedlitz manor emerged from this in the 16th century . Two manors were developed in Großsedlitz. The Niederhof is in the Elbe Valley; the main building there is empty (as of 2011). The stable building next door is used for commercial purposes, apartments have been set up in the farm buildings. The extremely ruinous Oberhof is in the vicinity of the baroque garden. The owners of the manor exercised the manorial rule in Großsedlitz and neighboring places. Sedlitz landlord was among others Laurentius Lindemann, a state official from Wittenberg from the Electoral Saxony. His grandson pressed the local farmers hard. In the church book, next to the entry of his death, it can be read that he was beaten to death by his farmers with pitchforks and other tools. Other landlords were Caspar and Hans von Korbitz as well as members of the noble families Römer and Wolffersdorff . Over the years, an estate settlement developed around the manor. In 1715, Großsedlitz burned down completely.

The Saxon field marshal and imperial count August Christoph von Wackerbarth bought the manor and village in 1719 in order to set up a residence there. In the immediate vicinity of the manor, he had the Friedrichsburg, Großsedlitz Palace, built from 1720 according to plans by Johann Christoph Knöffel . Elector August the Strong acquired the property, which became a chamber property , in 1723 through a secret purchase agreement. This was only made public three years later in order not to jeopardize the elector's grand plans for Großsedlitz: August the Strong wanted a 96-hectare park to be built. When construction work was stopped in 1732, twelve hectares were finished - today's Grosssedlitz Baroque Garden . A brewery had been in operation in Großsedlitz since 1721, including the Pechhütte. From 1772 an Elbe ferry operated between Pratzschwitz and Großsedlitz for the workers of the Sedlitz brickworks.

Großsedlitz in the early 19th century: on the left the buildings of the manor (Obergut), in the middle the Friedrichsburg (the right, eastern side wing is now the Friedrichsschlösschen) and on the right the upper orangery in the baroque garden Großsedlitz

During the Seven Years' War Großsedlitz served as the main camp of the Prussian army . The Friedrichsburg was badly damaged during this time. Napoleon's campaign in 1813 caused renewed destruction . Over the years ownership passed to the subsequent electors and kings of Saxony . A stipulation in Saxony's first constitution of 1831 made the palace and park a state domain. The Friedrichsburg was an exempt property in the 19th century . Most of it had to be demolished from 1872 to 1874. However, the east wing was rebuilt and is now known as Friedrichsschlösschen.

The administration of Großsedlitz was the responsibility of the Pirna Office from the 16th century and then the Pirna Court Office in 1856. On the basis of the rural community code of 1838 , the place gained independence as a rural community. In 1875 this was part of the Pirna Authority . Großsedlitz was surrounded by a block corridor; the area of ​​the Großsedlitz district was around 310 hectares in 1900. After the end of the monarchy, the property was transferred to the Saxon state treasury. On October 1, 1923, Großsedlitz was incorporated into Heidenau. The Kammergut with the Friedrichsburg was only added to the community of Heidenau in 1932. Since 1993 the baroque garden Großsedlitz belongs to the state palaces, castles and gardens of Saxony . The baroque garden is the most famous attraction in Heidenau today. Today's Heinrich Heine primary school on Parkstrasse was inaugurated in 1894.

Population development

year Residents
1548/51 8 possessed men , approx. 20 residents
1764 2 possessed men, 18 gardeners
1834 193
1871 245
1890 378
1910 520
1925 see Heidenau

literature

  • Richard Steche : Grosssedlitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 1. Booklet: Official Authority Pirna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1882, p. 25.

Web links

Commons : Großsedlitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Großsedlitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

References and footnotes

  1. ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie (Hrsg.): FFH areas in Saxony - A contribution to the European NATURA 2000 network . Materials on nature conservation and landscape management 2004. 2004, p. 16 ( sachsen.de [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  2. ↑ Saxon Law and Ordinance Gazette , 11/2010 (PDF; 627 kB)
  3. ↑ Ilsequelle. (No longer available online.) In: elbtal.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2003 ; accessed on March 2, 2014 .
  4. ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. 2, Berlin 2001. pp. 398f.
  5. ↑ Pechhütte / Sarische mill. (No longer available online.) In: elbtal.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2005 ; accessed on March 2, 2014 .
  6. ^ Heidenau: Sedlitz Manor - Niederhof. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved October 8, 2013 .
  7. ^ Heidenau: Grosssedlitz Chamber Estate. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved October 8, 2013 .
  8. ^ Wilhelm Richter, Herbert Koitzsch: Barockgarten Großsedlitz, City of Heidenau , Dresden 1980.
  9. ↑ schlossarchiv.de: Groß Sedlitz
  10. ↑ Großsedlitz Baroque Garden. (No longer available online.) In: elbtal.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013 ; accessed on March 2, 2014 .
  11. ↑ The baroque garden Großsedlitz. (PDF; 171 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 3, 2014 ; Retrieved October 8, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.barockgarten-grosssedlitz.de
  12. ^ Heidenau: Großsedlitz Baroque Garden. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved October 8, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Pechhütte. (No longer available online.) In: elbtal.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004 ; accessed on March 2, 2014 .
  14. ↑ faehren-der-oberelbe.de: Ferry Großsedlitz – Pratzschwitz
  15. ^ Friedrichsburg in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  16. ^ History of the city of Heidenau. (No longer available online.) In: elbtal.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2007 ; accessed on March 2, 2014 .
  17. ↑ Heinrich Heine Primary School Heidenau-Großsedlitz . sn.schule.de