Great stone graves near Groß Zastrow
| Great stone graves near Groß Zastrow | |||
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| Coordinates | Groß Zastrow 1 , Groß Zastrow 2 , Groß Zastrow 3 , Groß Zastrow 4 , Groß Zastrow 5 , Groß Zastrow 6 , Groß Zastrow 7 | ||
| place | Görmin , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 540-544 | ||
The megalithic graves near Groß Zastrow are seven megalithic tombs of the Neolithic funnel cup culture near Groß Zastrow , a district of Görmin in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald ( Mecklenburg-West Pomerania ). Five systems have the Sprockhoff numbers 540–544. Graves 1 and 3 (Sprockhoff No. 420 and 422) were archaeologically examined in 1968 under the direction of Adolf Hollnagel .
location
The graves are located in two northwest-southeast running rows northwest and southwest of the place. Grave 1 is located about 200 m north of Groß Zastrow and about as far west of the road to Klein Zastrow in a field. Graves 2 and 3 are 1 km northwest of this. They are only 25 m apart. Another 750 m to the northwest is grave 4 , just before the boundary of the district . 1.6 km south of this and 400 m south of the road to Pustow is grave 5. 340 m south-east is grave 6 and another 360 m south-east is grave 7.
The Groß Zastrow complex is part of a larger group of megalithic tombs that extends southwest of Greifswald between Dargelin in the east and Düvier in the west. 1.7 km east of grave 1 is the Klein Zastrow large stone grave , 240 m west of grave 4 are the large stone graves near Pustow . 1 km east of grave 5 are the megalithic graves near Damerow .
Research history
The graves were first recorded in the 1820s by Friedrich von Hagenow and probably also partially excavated. Von Hagenow only left handwritten notes on this. Ernst Sprockhoff recorded the graves on August 21, 1931 for his Atlas of Germany's Megalithic Tombs . In October 1968, graves 1 and 3 were excavated under the direction of Adolf Hollnagel.
description
Grave 1
Grave 1 has a north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber which was originally encased by a rolling stone mound. The chamber is a large dolmen with four pairs of wall stones on the long sides, a large closing stone in the northeast and a smaller one in the southwest, which only takes up the northwest half of the narrow side and thus leaves an entrance free. The north-easternmost stone on the north-western long side is remarkably narrow. The second stone on the southeast side and the third stone on the northwest side were originally part of a single large boulder that was split by the builders of the tomb. Two of the original three capstones are still present, the southwest one is missing. The northeast capstone has broken. The middle capstone, which has 19 bowls , is still intact. It had slipped and was put back on the wall stones during the excavation. The empty spaces between the wall stones were filled with dry stone slabs, of which only remnants have survived. The pavement was only preserved in the back. It consisted of small granite slabs that were covered with a layer of clay . The chamber has a length of 3.1 m, a width of 1.5 m and a height of 1.5 m.
Only a human bone remains from the burials. The chamber had already been ransacked before. Thus, only the finds from the rear, lower area can be safely assessed as grave goods. This is a flint - blade and a plurality of ceramic fragments, including the edge fragment of a cup and a vessel with a horizontal and a Halswulst Griffwarze obtained, a shard with cord ornament and fragments of a high-shouldered vessel with base. The more precisely determinable vessels prove a reburial of the spherical amphora culture .
In a higher layer as well as in the front part of the chamber and on the outside there were Neolithic finds mixed with modern objects and reading stones. A blade, a scraper and a presumably sickle made of flint, perhaps also some undecorated shards , are to be regarded as Neolithic . The modern finds included five feet of medieval grapes , the fragment of the runner stone from a round mill, red glazed peasant ceramics , Rhenish stoneware and the fragment of a stove tile .
Grave 2
Grave 2 has a north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber, which is a large dolmen. The chamber is deep in the mound. It is therefore unclear which stones are still there and which are missing. Visible are three wall stones on the north-western long side, one on the south-eastern long side, the north-eastern end stone, presumably also the south-west end stone, which is almost completely covered with earth, and a cap stone sunk into the interior of the chamber. Dimensions are not available.
Grave 3
Grave 3 has a north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber. It is a large dolmen with three pairs of wall stones on the long sides and a large capstone in the northeast. A narrow stone in the southwest is no longer there. It only took up the north-western half of the narrow side and thus left an access free, which still has a threshold stone and two stepping plates in front. Two plates probably originally served as a closure and were later dismantled and leaned against the wall. The middle wall stone on the southeast side was broken and overturned outwards. Two of the original three cap stones are still there, which slipped inside the chamber until 1968. The capstones and the overturned wall stone were returned to their original position after the excavation. The empty spaces between the wall stones were filled with dry brickwork made of red sandstone slabs , which is still partially preserved. Behind the first pair of wall stones there is a stone slab that is set across and takes up the north-western half of the chamber. Next to her is another threshold stone. This divides the chamber into a small vestibule and a larger main chamber. The pavement consists of rubble stones in the anteroom and granite gravel in the main chamber , which is covered with a layer of clay, some of which has red burn marks. The burial chamber has a total length of 3.6 m, a width of 1.5 m and a height of 1.55 m. The vestibule is 1.2 m long, the main chamber 2.4 m.
Like grave 1, this facility was also disrupted in modern times. Burial remains could no longer be found. Numerous ceramic shards were found among grave goods, including two fragments of a small funnel beaker , shards of a stand-up vessel and a spherical amphora , as well as a gouge, a blade and several flint cuts . These finds come partly from the original funnel-shaped burial, the spherical amphora and the gouge also document a subsequent burial of the spherical amphora culture.
A large number of Slavic sherds were also discovered. They come from at least two vessels and typologically belong to the Vipperower group of the 11th and 12th centuries. For what purpose they ended up in the grave is unclear. Finds from the modern age are a hand millstone, a red glazed handle and a green shard of glass .
Grave 4
Grave 4 has a left-over, north-south oriented trapezoidal barn bed with a length of 16 m and a width of 6 m in the south and 3.5 m in the north. Only a few stones on the long sides of the enclosure have survived; a ditch can also be seen on the eastern long side, which shows the locations of further, distant enclosing stones. The burial chamber, which is a large dolmen, stands across the barn bed. Three wall stones have been preserved on each of the long sides, all of which are still in situ except for the central one on the north side . The two end stones, the cap stones and probably a fourth wall stone on the northern long side are missing. The chamber has a length of 3 m and a width of 1.5 m. Since the wall stones on the inside only protrude about 0.8 m from the ground, the burials could still be intact.
Grave 5
Grave 5 has a north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber, which is a large dolmen. Four cap stones can be seen, the rest of the chamber is completely buried in the ground. Dimensions are not available. The northeastern capstone has been blown up and shows several bowls.
Grave 6
Only two capstones of grave 6 can be seen. The exact type of grave cannot be determined.
Grave 7
From grave 7 the two end stones and two wall stones on the eastern long side can be seen. The cap stones are missing. According to Hans-Jürgen Beier, it is a large dolmen, but Ewald Schuldt saw it as a grave of an indefinite type.
Finds of undetermined origin
From the estate of Friedrich von Hagenow comes an ax of the individual grave culture , which, according to him, comes from a stone grave near Groß Zastrow, without it being clear which grave was meant. Today it is in the collection of the Stralsund Museum .
literature
- Adolf Hollnagel : The large stone graves of Groß Zastrow, Demmin district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1970. 1971, pp. 159-174.
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 24.
- Hansdieter Berlekamp : From the work of Friedrich von Hagenow. In: Greifswald-Stralsund yearbook. Volume 1, 1961, pp. 9-18.
- Ingeburg Nilius : The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel cup culture (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Volume 5). Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971, p. 96.
- Hans Priebe : The western group of spherical amphorae (= annual publication for the prehistory of the Saxon-Thuringian countries. Volume 28). Gebauer-Schwetschke, Halle (Saale) 1938.
- Ewald Schuldt : Old Graves - Early Castles. Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1964, Fig. 29.
- Ewald Schuldt: Dolmen landscape on the swing. Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1970.
- Ewald Schuldt: The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972, p. 132.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, pp. 80–81.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: Grave 1 , Grave 2 , Grave 3 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7
- KLEKs online: Grave 1 , Grave 2 , Grave 3 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7
- grosssteingraeber.de: Grave 1 , Grave 2 , Grave 3 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7
- strahlen.org Grave 1 , Grave 2 , Grave 3 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7