Gurk (river)
Gurk Krka |
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Gurk near Truttendorf in the Grafenstein municipality |
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Data | ||
location | Carinthia ( Austria ) | |
River system | Danube | |
Drain over | Drau → Danube → Black Sea | |
source | Gurksee , Torersee | |
Source height | 1970 m above sea level A. | |
muzzle | at Stein in die Drau coordinates: 46 ° 36 ′ 35 ″ N , 14 ° 31 ′ 36 ″ E 46 ° 36 ′ 35 ″ N , 14 ° 31 ′ 36 ″ E |
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Mouth height | 391 m above sea level A. | |
Height difference | 1579 m | |
Bottom slope | 10 ‰ | |
length | 157 km | |
Catchment area | 2,581.63 km² | |
Discharge at the Gumisch A Eo gauge: 2,555.4 km². Location: 5.4 km above the mouth |
NNQ (25.12.2001) MNQ 1951–2011 MQ 1951–2011 Mq 1951–2011 MHQ 1951–2011 HHQ (25.10.1993) |
7.82 m³ / s 13.4 m³ / s 30.1 m³ / s 11.8 l / (s km²) 112 m³ / s 267 m³ / s |
Left tributaries | Metnitz , Görtschitz | |
Right tributaries | Raba , Glan , Seebach | |
Enge Gurk near Albeck |
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Gurk power plant Rain in the municipality of Poggersdorf |
The Gurk ( Slovenian Krka ) is 157 km in length and is the second longest river in the Austrian state of Carinthia after the Drava , 27% of which it drains. 40% of the Carinthian population live in the catchment area of 2581.63 km² .
Surname
The origins of the name Gurk date back to pre-Roman times. The Indo-European root of the word is "krk" (gurgling), with which the meaning of the name as "the gurgling" can be interpreted. In Roman times the river Gurk is said to have been called "Corcoras". There are also other rivers in Europe with similar names such as the Krka in Slovenia or the Krka in Croatia.
course
Its origin lies in two small cirque lakes on the Lattersteig in the Gurktal Alps , to the east below the Bretthöhe ( 2320 m above sea level ). The Gurksee lies at 1970 m above sea level. A. , is 0.4 ha in size and 1.5 m deep; the Torersee lies at 2010 m above sea level. A. and is 0.35 hectares in size and 1.2 m deep. Since both lakes freeze to the bottom in winter, no fish live in them.
The Gurk flows through the sparsely populated Upper Gurktal with the Reichenau and Gnesau plain , the Enge Gurk between the Gnesau district of Gurk ( ⊙ ) and Albeck , then turns to the east through the Middle Gurktal with the market towns of Weitensfeld and Gurk , as well as the city of Strasbourg , flows through the Krappfeld as Untere Gurk , where it takes the Metnitz and the Görtschitz on the left , turns to the south at Brückl and then enters the Klagenfurt Basin , where it takes the Glan on the right , and flows out at Stein , after 120 km of very winding Run, directly in front of the Völkermarkt reservoir in the Drau .
Its glacial stream flowed into the Tiebeltal before the narrow Gurk , which is why there is a very gentle transition between these two valleys today, the Prekoba .
In its course, only a few traffic routes were created, the most important from 1898 onwards was the Gurktalbahn , which was shut down for its entire course in 1969 (last sections in 1972). Since then, it has only been operated as a museum railway on a few hectares between Treibach-Althofen and Pöckstein-Zwischenwässern . The route through Strasbourg and Gurk to Glödnitz was largely used in the 1970s and 1980s for the expansion of the Gurktal-Straße . As a result, the route has almost disappeared today.
Gurktal
Large parts of the Gurktal represent a significant part of the property of the Roman Catholic Church as canteen property , which is used for forestry.
Power plants and hydraulic engineering
# | flow | km | Type | Name (municipality) | Construction year | operator | Turbines | Power MW | Standard energy MWh / a |
Expansion throughput flow in m / s |
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1 | Gurk O | about 150 | Reichenau (Reichenau plain) | 0000 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
2 | Gurk O | approx. 148 | Falkert | 0000 | ||||||
3 | Gurk M | about 125 | Brugger | 0000 | ||||||
4th | Gurk M | Spitzing (Weitensfeld) | 0000 | |||||||
5 | Gurk M | Gorton | 0000 | |||||||
6th | Gurk M | Aich | 0000 | |||||||
7th | Gurk M | Gurk Cathedral Chapter (Gurk) | 0000 ren | |||||||
8th | Gurk M | Meat chopper | 0000 | |||||||
9 | Gurk M | Heiligengeistmühle (Strasbourg) | 0000 | |||||||
10 | Gurk M | Saw between water | 0000 | |||||||
11 | Gurk M | Curly guest | 0000 | |||||||
12 | Gurk M | ? | Amthof | 0000 | ||||||
13 | Metnitz | 2.56 | Diversion | Shepherd II | 1913 | Möller, Riegler-Matchett | 1 chaplain | 0.085 | 4th | |
14th | Metnitz | 1.87 | Diversion | Shepherd I. | 1907 | Möller, Riegler-Matchett | 1 Francis | 0.045 | 3.2 | |
15th | Metnitz | 0.20 | Run | Pöckstein intermediate watering | 1905, 2012 | Energy supply Pöckstein GmbH | 1 Kaplan-S, 1 hydropower screw | 196 | 8.00 | |
16 | Gurk U | 71.16 | Diversion | Diocese of Pöckstein | 1912, 2008 | Diocese of Gurk, Forest and Estate Directorate | 1 chaplain | 0.34 | 6.10 | |
17th | Gurk U | 69.24 | Diversion | Althofen | 1911 | Kelag | 2 Francis | 0.318 (0.131 + 0.187) | 14.05 (12.0) | |
18th | Gurk U | 68.00 | Run | TCW (Treibacher Chemische Werke) (Treibach-Althofen) | 1899 | Treibacher Industrie AG | 1 chaplain | 0.252 | 17.7 (20.0) | |
19th | Gurk U | 67.04 | Diversion | Tilly | 1917 | Tilly power plant and industrial company | 2 Francis | 0.45 (0.30 + 0.15) | 20.0 | |
20th | Gurk U | 65.42 | Diversion | Brugga | 1905 | Rudolf Herzig | 2 Francis | 0.34 | 11.8 | |
21st | Gurk U | 52.61 | Run | Passering | 1920 | Kelag | 2 Francis | 0.892 (0.420 + 0.472) | 18.45 | |
22nd | Gurk U | 47.13 | Diversion | Polling | 1881 | Otto Hoffmann Elektrizitätsges.mbH | 2 Francis | 0.49 | 12 (11.60) | |
23 | Gurk U | 45.47 | Diversion | Launsdorf | 1921 | Kelag | 2 Francis | 1.07 | 16 (15.20) | |
24 | Gurk U + Görschitz | 37.73 | Diversion | Donau Chemie (Brückl) | 1907 | Donau Chemie AG | 2 Francis | 1.69 | 17.5 | |
25th | Gurk U | approx. 12 | ? | Rain (Poggersdorf / Klagenfurt) | 1902 | Stadtwerke Klagnfurt | 4 Francis | 4,408 (4 x 1500 hp) | 13,639 |
In 2010, in her master's thesis, Pia Scheiflinger described the Hirt II power plants on the Metnitz and the lower Gurk up to the penultimate one, the Donau Chemie Brückl power plant, in a study to optimize the flushing of storage spaces.
In 1998 the Klagenfurt Kayak Association (KVK) built a 300 m long, year-round slalom training course about 500 m below the Rain power plant (Poggersdorf) and above the Gurkbrücke on Packer Straße B70 with the support of the public sector .
As of 2013, there were 23 fish migration obstacles on the Gurk, 11 of which had already been provided with fish ladders.
Picture gallery
literature
- W. Honsig-Erlenburg, G. Wieser: The Gurk and its side waters . Publishing house of the Natural Science Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1997, ISBN 3-85328-009-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ KAGIS - Carinthia Atlas
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2011. 119th Volume. Vienna 2013, p. OG 354, PDF (12.9 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2011)
- ↑ Untitled. Google Maps , accessed June 29, 2010 .
- ↑ O ... upper course, M ... middle course, U ... lower course
- ↑ Gurk Kraftwerk nekteo.eu, accessed August 27, 2020. - Show power station
- ^ "Guardian" of heat, electricity and water ... stw.at, Stadtwerke Klaenfurt, November 14, 2019, accessed August 27, 2020.
- ↑ Water management of the hydropower plants on the lower Gurk: Part I - Recording the power plants diglib.tugraz.at, October 2010, accessed August 27, 2020. - Overview map p. 11. Green: 12 treated power plants. - Pictures, plans and sketches of the plants.
- ↑ View from the Gurkbrücke to the north google.com/maps, Streetview, accessed August 27, 2020.
- ↑ Playspot of the week: Gurk 4-paddlers.com slalom course, October 4, 2006, accessed August 27, 2020.
- ↑ Böhmichen, J .: Functional controls of the fish farms Zwischenwässern and Rain in the Gurk, Carinthian Institute for Lake Research, 2010. - Abstract (download): Diploma theses