Gustav von Hake

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Heinrich Gustav Friedrich von Hake

Heinrich Gustav Friedrich von Hake (born March 1, 1797 in Zeitz ; † December 15, 1877 in Dresden ) was a Saxon general of the infantry and from 1862 governor of Dresden. He led the troops of the German Confederation during the federal execution against the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg in 1863 as Commander in Chief and was made an honorary citizen of Dresden on December 15, 1864 for his services .

Life

origin

Gustav was a member of the von Hake family, originally from Brandenburg . His parents were the Saxon major general August Wilhelm Ernst von Hake (1764–1842) and his wife August Frederike Christiane Charlotte, born von Tyroff called Weißzerling (1765–1850).

Military career

After attending the cadet school , Hake joined the Saxon Army as a sous-lieutenant in 1815 before the end of the wars of liberation . During the uprising in Schleswig-Holstein in 1849/50 he was employed as a member of the Saxon troops in the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg . As commander of the III. In the 3rd Battalion in the 3rd Line Infantry Regiment "Prince Georg" , Hake took part in the battle near Düppel on April 13, 1849 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military St.- Army on April 22, 1849 for his behavior by King Friedrich August II. Henry the Order . In the further course of his military career he was from February 20, 1859 commander of the 2nd Infantry Division. In 1860 von Hake was promoted to lieutenant general. From 1862 Hake took on the position of governor of Dresden in addition to his function as division commander.

On December 10, 1863, Hake was appointed commanding general and commander-in-chief of the execution forces of the federal execution of the German Confederation directed against the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, which belong to the Danish kingdom . Hake retained this supreme command during the German-Danish War from February 1 to October 30, 1864. His chief of staff was Alfred von Fabrice .

For the federal execution against Holstein and Lauenburg, Hake issued his order to the federal troops on December 18, 1863: “By virtue of the agreement reached between our most noble warlords, I see myself called to lead the federal execution troops initially intended for the advance into the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg . In taking over the command assigned to me on this day, I extend my cordial and cordial greetings to the officers, sub-officers and soldiers. It is important to protect the sacred rights of the German federal states against long-term overbearing interference. Let us stick together in faithful and firm brotherhood and compete in the performance of our duties. The fame and glorious memories many tie themselves to the flags of your army; if there is a fight, we will show ourselves worthy of this memory. (signed) v. Hook. "

From December 23, 1863, the Saxon-Hanoverian troops moved into the duchies under Hake's command. Within a week the Eider Line was reached and the Rendsburg fortress was occupied.

His abilities as a general were rated as follows: “Hake was a capable, energetic soldier, but little equal to the diplomatic difficulties of his position. Fortunately, however, this deficiency was made up for by the excellent ability of his chief of staff, Colonel v. Fabrice, completely balanced, who found the opportunity here for the first time to use his excellent military and statesmanlike talents ... his close acquaintance with the leading personalities and circumstances in Prussia was an excellent asset in order to avoid open conflicts even in the most critical situations . "

In contradiction to the federal execution, the German great powers Prussia and Austria sought the final clarification of the Schleswig-Holstein question after the completion of the occupation and began to move troops to the Eiderline in preparation for the German-Danish war. Hake wanted to put a stop to the Austro-Prussian intervention troops that had moved into Hamburg, Lübeck and Holstein on January 21, 1864 - before the actual outbreak of war - but he received it a day later from the Saxon ambassador and Foreign Minister Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust the instruction to let the armies pass.

In the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, the federal execution and thus also Hake's command remained formally independent of the war against Denmark. On July 21, 1864, however, the Prussian troops single-handedly occupied the Rendsburg fortress and Hake had to withdraw the federal contingents of the united German troops there under protest, which damaged the relationship between the so-called German medium-sized states and Prussia.

When the Bundestag accepted the motion of the great powers Prussia and Austria on December 5, 1864, to formally end the federal execution, the execution troops were withdrawn from Holstein and Lauenburg. Hake's command was formally terminated. For his services as Commander in Chief, Hake was made an honorary citizen of Dresden on his return. He then acted as the commander of the 2nd Infantry Division until September 12, 1865, after which he was put up for disposition and in 1873 received the character of a general of the infantry.

family

Hake married Louise von Britzke on June 4, 1838 in Dresden (* April 21, 1813; † June 15, 1880). The marriage remained childless.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of honorary citizens of the city of Dresden , (pdf).
  2. ↑ a b c d dresden.stadtwiki.de
  3. ↑ The Royal Saxon Military St. Heinrichs Order 1736–1918. An honor sheet of the Saxon Army. Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1937, p. 54.
  4. ↑ Dermot Bradley (ed.), Günter Wegner: Occupation of the German Army 1815-1939. Volume 1: The higher command posts 1815–1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-7648-1780-1 , p. 738.
  5. ↑ a b c Gerd Stolz: The German-Danish fateful year 1864. Husum 2010, ISBN 978-3-89876-499-5 .
  6. ^ W. von Hassell : History of the Kingdom of Hanover. Part II, Section 2: From 1863 to 1866. Leipzig 1901, p. 112.
  7. ^ Ranking list of the Royal Saxon Army (XII Army Corps of the German Army) from 1875. Heinrich'sche Buchdruckerei, Dresden 1875, pp. 226–227.
  8. ^ Eduard Maria Oettinger : Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques , Volume 7, Dresden 1873, p. 34.
personal data
SURNAME Hake, Gustav von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hacke, Heinrich Gustav Friedrich von (full name); Haake, Johann Christoph Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Saxon general of the infantry, governor of Dresden
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH Time
DATE OF DEATH December 15, 1877
Place of death Dresden