Suuremõisa manor
Coordinates: 58 ° 52 ′ 13 ″ N , 22 ° 56 ′ 41 ″ E
The Suuremõisa manor (German Großenhof , Estonian Hiiu-Suuremõisa mõis, Swedish Storhovet ) is a historic manor in the village of Suuremõisa on the Baltic island of Hiiumaa . The magnificent mansion is one of the best-preserved examples of late Baroque architecture in Estonia .
history
In 1563 Hiiumaa became Swedish. The estate was first mentioned in 1565 under the name Pühalepa ( Pohilep or Poylipe ). From 1633 it was called Großenhof , from which the Estonian name Suuremõisa is derived.
At the beginning of the 17th century, the estate was owned by the noble Stackelberg family . In 1624, like almost all of Hiiumaa, it belonged to the Swedish military Jakob De la Gardie (1583–1652). Under him, the estate with its numerous outbuildings and orchards became one of the economic centers of Hiiumaa Island until the 19th century.
His son Axel Julius De la Gardie (1637-1710), who was Swedish Governor General of Estonia from 1687 to 1704, expanded it. In 1691 the estate fell to the Swedish crown as part of the reduction.
After the Northern War , Suuremõisa came into private ownership again from the middle of the 18th century through an ukase from the Russian Tsarina Elisabeth . It was Jakob De la Gardie's great-granddaughter Ebba Margaretha De la Gardie (1704–1775) who had today's representative manor house built. She married into the noble Baltic German family Stenbock .
In 1777 Ebba Margaretha's youngest son Jakob Pontus Stenbock (1744-1824) owned Suuremõisa. In 1796 he had to pledge the property to the businessman Otto Reinhold Ludwig von Ungern-Sternberg (1744-1811), who had paid for the debts of Stenbock. In 1813 it became the property of the Ungern-Sternberg family . Ungern-Sternberg, one of the richest men on the island, was the owner of numerous mansions in North Hiiumaa. After a conviction for murder and his exile to Siberia in 1803 , his two sons Peter Ludwig Konstantin von Ungern-Sternberg (1779–1836) and Heinrich Georg Eduard von Ungern-Sternberg (1782–1861) continued to manage the estate.
Evald Adam Gustav Paul von Ungern-Sternberg , who was born in 1863 and was the last landlord to live on-site, died unexpectedly in 1909 without leaving an heir. Much of the extensive library and possessions were stolen or sold during the First World War . The last owner before the expropriation in the course of the Estonian land reform in 1919 was the Baltic German baroness Dorothea von Stackelberg (born October 7, 1870 in Reval ; † 1945), née Countess Ungern-Sternberg, who married Otto Magnus von Stackelberg here in 1894 .
Subsequently, the estate was used as the seat of a primary and technical college.
Mansion
The estate received its current appearance in the years 1750–1770 under the energetic Countess Ebba Margaretha De la Gardie (1704–1775).
From 1755 to 1760 the spacious mansion with its mansard roof in the Baroque style was built under their patronage . The former single-storey mansion had to give way.
In 1772 two single-storey side wings were added to the new building. They form a courtyard with the main building . Models were late baroque castles in De la Gardie's Swedish homeland, such as Ulriksdal Palace near Stockholm .
The castle initially had 64 rooms. The ground floor is characterized by a festive vestibule with a marble floor. A two-winged staircase with an artistic balustrade leads to the upper floor. The eye-catcher on the first floor is the large hall with its stucco ceiling .
The oak parade door of the manor house is decorated with baroque carvings. In front of her there is a ten-meter-wide terrace and the parade staircase, on which one could drive to the house in carriages.
A large English-style park extends around the manor house . The more than two hundred year old avenues leading to the manor house have numerous tree species.
The manor house has been used as an educational institution since 1924, but some rooms and halls belonged to the last descendants of the Baltic German previous owners in the interwar period . Today there is a primary school in the side wings and a vocational academy in the middle section.
Legends and Myths
Many mysterious stories are associated with the mansion. Quite a few people reported hearing voices or even seeing ghosts, especially at night. When the Stenbocks and the pastor Johan Chalenius (1730–1776) lived in the manor a long time ago, the devil himself is said to have taken part in card games without the landlords noticing.
Elderly people said that the devil wanted to take the mansion for himself after it was built. However, since the landlords did not agree, the devil appeared every night to terrify the people. Finally the pastor was called in to perform an exorcism . He came into the manor house, lay down on a sofa in the room where the evil spirits used to gather, and cut a wooden apple in two.
He put one piece of apple on a table and the other on his chest. The pastor knew that the devil had entered the house when one half of the apple flew from the table over to him towards the other half. Then he began to count the words of the evil spirit. After this ritual he crossed the door three times and preached the Lord's Prayer seven times on every window. Every crack and crack in the wall was protected by the sign of the cross. The devil was cast out. The devil then withdrew to his smithy in Kallaste , from where the village women finally drove him away for all eternity.
Web links
- Description and history (German)
- Full details (Estonian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ hiiumaa.ee
- ↑ eestigiid.ee
- ↑ Ivar Sakk: Eesti mõisad. Rice yuht. Tallinn 2002, ISBN 9985-78-574-6 , p. 338.
- ↑ Baltic historical local dictionary. Part 1: Estonia (including Northern Livonia). (= Sources and studies on Baltic history. Volume 8/1). Started by Hans Feldmann . Published by Heinz von zur Mühlen . Edited by Gertrud Westermann . Cologne / Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-412-07183-8 , p. 91.
- ↑ Indrek Rohtmets: Kultuurilooline Eestimaa. Tallinn 2004, ISBN 9985-3-0882-4 , p. 11.
- ↑ Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1640-1852